13 research outputs found
Efficiency of the use for doubled haploids in onion breeding (<i>Allium cepa</i> L.)
No full textRelevance. In onion breeding, quickly obtain aligned material is an urgent target for create parent forms of heterosis hybrids. Using classical methods with helping of backcrosses, this is achieved in 10-12 years. Using the technology of doubled haploids, it is possible to reduce these terms several times, and also to avoid the manifestation of inbred depression when obtaining lines by self-pollination. At the same time, the most effective in the production of haploids is the use of whole flower buds as an explant, unlike ovules and ovaries, the production of which is more time-consuming and labor-intensive.Methods. The doubled onion haploids were obtained by the method of ovule culture on the basis of the biotechnology laboratory of the Gavrish Breeding Center using the technology that based on the methodological recommendations of Monakhos S.G. et al., 2014. DH–onion plants with a developed root system and leaf apparatus were planted in the open ground and grown according to the technology generally accepted for the zone at the sites of the Gavrish breeding center, Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory. The obtained commercial bulbs were evaluated according to the RTG/46/2 method.Results. It was obtain doubled haploids, which were tested for ploidness by flow cytometry. 40 digaploid onion plants have been created. As a result of further development after transplantation into the open ground, storage, springization and selection, 3 uterine bulbs were obtained for further reproduction and inclusion in the breeding process
Source material creation for high content of dry soluble substances F<sub>1</sub> cherry tomato hybrids breeding
No full textRelevance. Consumer demand development of exotic colors presence in modern tomato hybrids requires a timely response from domestic breeders for creating highly effective hybrids. With regard to cherry tomatoes, special attention of breeders is aimed at achieving excellent taste in new hybrids. One of the indicators is the "content of dry soluble substances in fruits". However, there is no information in the literature about the variation of this trait within different color groups of cherry tomatoes. The aim of our work was the creation of initial material for the selection of F1 cherry tomato hybrids with a high content of dry soluble substances.Materials and methods. All measurements were obtained by the refractometric method and presented in the oBrix scale. The study examined 46 F2 splitting cherry tomato populations, including 17 red, 12 yellow, 7 pink, 8 brown, and 2 purple. Analyzing the obtained data, the following statistical indicators were made: the frequency of occurrence of the variant; arithmetic mean; dispersion; the coefficient of variation; sample mean error. Relative error was used to test the sample results obtained.Results. The coefficients of variation of the trait «content of dry soluble substances in fruits» were calculated in each of the five color groups of cherry tomatoes (from 17.43% for brown-fruited to 25.13% for red-fruited). The boundaries of variability and average values of the content of dry soluble substances were determined both within the groups (from 7.2 oBr in pink-fruited to 8.8 oBr in yellow-fruited ones), and for each studied breeding sample. The practical result of the work was selection of the most promising breeding material within different color groups of cherry tomato, combining high values of dry matter with a complex of economically valuable traits
Эффективность использования удвоенных гаплоидов в селекции лука репчатого (Allium cepa L.)
No full textRelevance. In onion breeding, quickly obtain aligned material is an urgent target for create parent forms of heterosis hybrids. Using classical methods with helping of backcrosses, this is achieved in 10-12 years. Using the technology of doubled haploids, it is possible to reduce these terms several times, and also to avoid the manifestation of inbred depression when obtaining lines by self-pollination. At the same time, the most effective in the production of haploids is the use of whole flower buds as an explant, unlike ovules and ovaries, the production of which is more time-consuming and labor-intensive.Methods. The doubled onion haploids were obtained by the method of ovule culture on the basis of the biotechnology laboratory of the Gavrish Breeding Center using the technology that based on the methodological recommendations of Monakhos S.G. et al., 2014. DH–onion plants with a developed root system and leaf apparatus were planted in the open ground and grown according to the technology generally accepted for the zone at the sites of the Gavrish breeding center, Krymsk, Krasnodar Territory. The obtained commercial bulbs were evaluated according to the RTG/46/2 method.Results. It was obtain doubled haploids, which were tested for ploidness by flow cytometry. 40 digaploid onion plants have been created. As a result of further development after transplantation into the open ground, storage, springization and selection, 3 uterine bulbs were obtained for further reproduction and inclusion in the breeding process.Актуальность. В селекции лука репчатого актуальной задачей является быстрое получение выровненного материала для создания родительских форм гетерозисных гибридов. Классическими методами с помощью беккроссов это достигается за 10-12 лет. Используя технологию удвоенных гаплоидов, можно в несколько раз сократить эти сроки, а также избежать проявления инбредной депрессии при получении линий путем самоопыления. При этом наиболее эффективным в производстве гаплоидов является использование целых цветочных бутонов в качестве экспланта, в отличие от семяпочек и завязей, получение которых более длительно и трудозатратно.Методика. Удвоенные гаплоиды лука репчатого были получены методом культуры семяпочек на базе лаборатории биотехнологии Селекционного центра «Гавриш» на основе методических рекомендаций Монахоса С.Г. и др., 2014. DH–растения лука репчатого с развитой корневой системой и листовым аппаратом были высажены в открытый грунт и выращены по общепринятой для зоны технологии на участках селекционного центра «Гавриш», г. Крымск, Краснодарский край. Полученные товарные луковицы оценивали согласно методике RTG/46/2.Результаты. Удалось получить удвоенные гаплоиды, которые были проверены на плоидность методом проточной цитометрии. Создано 40 дигаплоиных растений лука репчатого. В результате дальнейшего развития после пересадки в открытый грунт, хранения, яровизации и селекционного отбора получены 3 маточные луковицы для последующего размножения и включения в селекционный процесс
Development of the HybProb molecular marker for the L4 allele for marker-assisted selection of sweet pepper Capsicum spp. on the real-time PCR platform
No full textRelevance. One of the conditions for creating a modern high-tech hybrid of sweet pepper is the presence of resistance to the Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). This virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus. This virus can spread through seeds, causing enormous damage to the sweet pepper crop. The main method of controlling of virus is the cultivation of F1 hybrids of pepper with genetic resistance. To date, the L4 gene is able to confer resistance to all known strains of this virus. However, there is still no reliable marker system that could be integrated into the MAS. Methods. Based on data from the NCBI, we generated a molecular diagnostic system based on hybridization probes. Validation was performed on seven pepper accessions from the world's germplasm banks. After validation, the new marker was successfully tested on 2540 plants of F2 and F3 generation. Results. Using the experimental marker system Fret4, we tested 7 reference samples of pepper germplasm with full correspondence of the melt peaks to the declared alleles of the L gene (L0/L1/L3/L4). Then, using a marker system, MAS was carried out on 10 populations of an number of 10 thousand plants to identify the L4 allele. As a result, we were able to create a highly accurate and cost-effective marker system for the most important pepper resistance gene. This marker system based on hybridization probes is easily integrated into the MAS, allowing fast and reliable determination of the L4 allele state in sweet pepper breeding to Tobamovirus
Провокационные бронхомоторные тесты в функциональной оценке состояния респираторной системы квалифицированных спортсменов
No full text.
Разработка HybProb молекулярного маркера на аллель L4 для маркеропосредованной селекции перца сладкого Capsicum spp. на платформе Real-Time
No full textRelevance. One of the conditions for creating a modern high-tech hybrid of sweet pepper is the presence of resistance to the Pepper mild mottle virus (PMMoV). This virus belongs to the genus Tobamovirus. This virus can spread through seeds, causing enormous damage to the sweet pepper crop. The main method of controlling of virus is the cultivation of F1 hybrids of pepper with genetic resistance. To date, the L4 gene is able to confer resistance to all known strains of this virus. However, there is still no reliable marker system that could be integrated into the MAS. Methods. Based on data from the NCBI, we generated a molecular diagnostic system based on hybridization probes. Validation was performed on seven pepper accessions from the world's germplasm banks. After validation, the new marker was successfully tested on 2540 plants of F2 and F3 generation. Results. Using the experimental marker system Fret4, we tested 7 reference samples of pepper germplasm with full correspondence of the melt peaks to the declared alleles of the L gene (L0/L1/L3/L4). Then, using a marker system, MAS was carried out on 10 populations of an number of 10 thousand plants to identify the L4 allele. As a result, we were able to create a highly accurate and cost-effective marker system for the most important pepper resistance gene. This marker system based on hybridization probes is easily integrated into the MAS, allowing fast and reliable determination of the L4 allele state in sweet pepper breeding to Tobamovirus.Актуальность. Одним из условий создания современного высокотехнологичного гибрида сладкого перца является наличие в нём устойчивости к вирусу мягкой крапчатости (PMMoV), относящемуся к роду Tobamovirus. Данный вирус способен распространяться вместе с семенами, что может приводить к серьезному экономическому ущербу. Основным методом контроля распространения данного заболевания является возделывание устойчивых F1 гибридов перца. На сегодняшний день единственным универсальным источником устойчивости сладкого перца ко всем штаммам PMMoV является аллель гена L — L4. Однако до сих пор не существует надёжной маркерной системы, которая могла бы быть интегрирована в MAS. Методы. На основе данных из базы NCBI нами была сгенерирована молекулярная диагностическая система на основе гибридизационных зондов. Валидация была проведена на семи образцах рода Capsicum из мировых банков гермплазмы. После валидации для тестирования нового маркера использовали расщепляющиеся поколения F2 и F3 ряда селекционных образцов. Результаты. Используя экспериментальную маркерную систему Fret4 нами было протестировано 7 эталонных образцов гермплазмы перца с полным соответствием пиков расплава заявленным аллелям гена L (L0/L1/L3/L4). Далее при помощи маркерной системы был проведён МАS на 10 сортопопуляциях общим числом в 10 тысяч растений для выявления гена L4. В результате нам удалось создать высокоточную и экономически эффективную маркерную систему. Данная маркерная система, основанная на гибридизационных зондах легко интегрируется в МАS, позволяя быстро и надёжно определять аллельное состояние L4 при селекции сладкого перца на устойчивость к Тобамовирусам
Создание исходного материала для селекции F1 гибридов вишневидного томата с высоким содержанием сухого растворимого вещества
No full textRelevance. Consumer demand development of exotic colors presence in modern tomato hybrids requires a timely response from domestic breeders for creating highly effective hybrids. With regard to cherry tomatoes, special attention of breeders is aimed at achieving excellent taste in new hybrids. One of the indicators is the "content of dry soluble substances in fruits". However, there is no information in the literature about the variation of this trait within different color groups of cherry tomatoes. The aim of our work was the creation of initial material for the selection of F1 cherry tomato hybrids with a high content of dry soluble substances.Materials and methods. All measurements were obtained by the refractometric method and presented in the oBrix scale. The study examined 46 F2 splitting cherry tomato populations, including 17 red, 12 yellow, 7 pink, 8 brown, and 2 purple. Analyzing the obtained data, the following statistical indicators were made: the frequency of occurrence of the variant; arithmetic mean; dispersion; the coefficient of variation; sample mean error. Relative error was used to test the sample results obtained.Results. The coefficients of variation of the trait «content of dry soluble substances in fruits» were calculated in each of the five color groups of cherry tomatoes (from 17.43% for brown-fruited to 25.13% for red-fruited). The boundaries of variability and average values of the content of dry soluble substances were determined both within the groups (from 7.2 oBr in pink-fruited to 8.8 oBr in yellow-fruited ones), and for each studied breeding sample. The practical result of the work was selection of the most promising breeding material within different color groups of cherry tomato, combining high values of dry matter with a complex of economically valuable traits. Актуальность. Развитие потребительского спроса на наличие плодов томата различной окраски требует от отечественных селекционеров создания новых высокоэффективных гибридов с экзотической окраской плода. При создании вишневидного томата с экзотической окраской плодов селекционеры работают помимо традиционных показателей, таких как комплексная устойчивость к болезням, высокая урожайность гибрида, но и ведут селекцию на вкусовые качества плода. Одним из индикаторов вкуса является «содержание сухого растворимого вещества в плодах». Однако в литературе не встречается информации о варьировании данного признака внутри различных цветовых групп вишневидного томата. Целью нашей работы было создание исходного материала для селекции F1 гибридов вишневидного томата с высоким содержанием сухого растворимого вещества.Материал и методы. Все измерения были получены рефрактометрическим методом и представлены в шкале о Brix. В ходе исследования были изучены 46 расщепляющихся F2 популяций вишневидного томата, включающих 17 с красной, 12 с желтой, 7 с розовой, 8 с коричневой и 2 с фиолетовой окраской. Анализируя полученные данные, были рассчитаны следующие статистические показатели: частота встречаемости вариант; средняя арифметическая; дисперсия; коэффициент вариации; ошибка выборочной средней. Для апробации полученных результатов применялась относительная ошибка выборочной средней.Результаты. Были вычислены коэффициенты вариации признака «содержание сухого растворимого вещества в плодах» в каждой из пяти цветовых групп вишневидного томата (от 17,43% у коричневоплодных до 25,13% у красноплодных). Определены границы изменчивости и средние значения содержания сухого растворимого веществв как внутри групп (от 7,2 oBr у розовоплодных до 8,8 oBr у желтоплодных), так и для каждого изучаемого селекционного образца. Практическим результатом работы стал отбор наиболее перспективного селекционного материала внутри различных цветовых групп вишневидного томата, сочетающих высокие значения сухого вещества с комплексом хозяйственно-ценных признаков.
Origin of carbonatites of eastern taimyr deduced from an isotopic and geochemical study of zircons
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A critical evaluation of the securitisation process of EU-Russia energy relations: actors, audiences, and consequences
No full textRussia started to export hydrocarbons to Western Europe in the middle of the Cold War, and for a long time, despite their ideological differences, Russia was considered to be a reliable energy supplier. Starting from the early 2000s, EU-Russia energy relations were transformed from a mainly economic dimension to a political one. Currently, energy trade is seen as part of national security for both Russia and the European Union (EU). The central question of this study: is how EU-Russia energy relations have become highly securitised? This thesis approaches this problem from the perspective of a critical reading of securitisation theory. Following Balzacq (2005) and Fierke (2007), the securitisation process is de-constructed into the follows elements: securitisation actors (in Russia and in the EU), the speech act (negotiation of energy security to the audience), context of securitising (economic, political, and cultural), the consequences of securitisation, and the potential for de-securitisation. The thesis applies combination of quantitative and qualitative methods for data collection and analysis. The thesis uses an interpretive constructivist account and a methodology which integrates that theory with the specific methods of inquiry. It uses some quantitative analysis, but rests primarily on a qualitative approach consistent with its roots in the Critical Security Studies (CSS) literature
