30 research outputs found
Depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of children and adolescents with left ventricular assist devices
No full textOzbaran B, Kose S, Yagdi T, Engin C, Erermis S, Yazici KU, Noyan A, Ozbaran M. Depression and anxiety levels of the mothers of children and adolescents with left ventricular assist devices. Abstract: VADs have been used to provide treatment for end-stage heart failure. Parents may feel overwhelmed with the VAD regimes responsibility and be affected from this process beside children. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the depressive and anxiety symptoms of mothers of the first eight children equipped with a VAD in Turkey. The mothers of eight pediatric patients living with VADs were filled BDI and STAI at first month of VAD implantation (E.I) and secondly six months after their first evaluation (E.II). In E.I, the BDI mean score of mothers was 20.87, in E.II 14.37. STAI-S mean score was 53.37 in E.I and 43.62 in E.II. The Wilcoxon nonparametric-paired t-test revealed significant difference between baseline and end-point STAI-S scores (Z: -2.035; p: 0.042), and for BDI scores (Z, -1.965; p, 0.049). Prolonged usage of VAD may increase distress in parents. Psychiatric evaluation and support of the primary caregiver is important for the well-being of the pediatric patients
The Psychometric Properties of Turkish Version of Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire in Children aged 6-18 years
No full textObjective: The objective of this study is to determine the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Autism Spectrum Screening Questionnaire (ASSQ-TR) and to find the best cutoff score for Pervasive Developmental Disorder (PDD) cases. Method: Children between 6 to 18 years old with diagnoses of PDD, Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (OCD), and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) were included. The healthy control (HC) group was recruited from children who did not have any psychiatric complaints or history. Furthermore, parents of 268 children filled the ASSQ-TR. Of the children, 51 were PDD, 67 were ADHD, 50 were OCD, and 100 were HC. In order to show the reliability of the ASSQ-TR, Cronbach's alpha values and test-retest were evaluated. ROC analyses was carried out to show concurrent validity and to determine the cutoff score. Results: The Cronbach's alpha of ASSQ-TR is 0,86, while the test retest reliability is r: 0,98. Total ASSQ-TR scores of children with PDD (27,96 +/- 9,5) were significantly higher than other groups (p<0,001). ROC analysis of ASSQ-TR showed the area under curve to be 0,97 with a cutoff of 16, having the maximum sensitivity (94,1%), specificity (89,0%), and 90,7% diagnostic accuracy of PDD versus HC scores. Conclusions: Our pilot data showed that ASSQ-TR is a reliable instrument that successfully differentiates clinically diagnosed PDD from HC. This instrument might therefore be useful for the screening of PDD in school-aged children in Turkish populations
Clinical overview of children with mucopolysaccharidosis type III A and effect of Risperidone treatment on children and their mothers psychological status
No full textMucopolysaccharidosis IIIA (MPS IIIA) is a lysosomal storage disorder characterized by progressive mental deterioration and severe behavioral problems. We conducted an open-label, crossover study of the efficacy and safety of Risperidone on behavioral disorder in children with MPS IIIA. A total of 12 patients (5.5 ± 2.2 years) with enzymatic diagnosis of MPS IIIA were randomly assigned to receive Risperidone (0.125-2 mg/d) for 6 months. The hyperactivity and disruptive behavior level of children before and after treatment was evaluated regarding the scores from Turgay DSM IV Based Child and Adolescent Behavior Disorders Screening and Rating Scale (T-DSM-IV-S). Clinic Global Impression Scale - Severity (CGIS-S) was used for all cases for determining the psychiatric disorder severity. The anxiety and depression levels of mothers before and after treatment were evaluated using Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A) and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The adverse effects were evaluated by monitoring weight, serum prolactin, glucose and lipid levels. The response to the treatment was measured by decrease in values of CGI-S (from 6 ± 1.12 to 2.91 ± 0.66, p = 0.001). According to T-DSM-IV-S scores the best improvement was observed in hyperactivity scores (16.25 ± 8.57/11.58 ± 7.26, p = 0.001), followed by opposition/defiance (6.66 ± 5.92/5.08 ± 4.88, p = 0.032), and conduct disorder scores (1.00 ± 1.85/0.41 ± .99, p = 0.67). No clinically relevant elevations in weight and serum prolactin, glucose or lipid levels have been documented (p > 0.05). There was a significant decrease in anxiety and depression scores of mothers (HAM-A: 20.33 ± 8.28/17.91 ± 6.89, BDI: 23.58 ± 7.14/20.5 ± 5.93, p < 0.001). To our knowledge, research on the pharmacological treatment of MPS IIIA with Risperidone has not been reported. According to our data, Risperidone appeared to be safe and effective in MPS IIIA patients. © 2008 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved
Psychosocial implications of Thalassemia Major
No full textBackground: Many causes including the chronicity of disease, burden of treatment modalities, morbidities, and the expectation of early death resulting from the disease complications, may lead to psychosocial burden in Thalassemia Major (TM) patients. Methods: A total of 38 patients with TM and their mothers were recruited to evaluate the psychosocial burden as well as to disclose whether the psychological status of the patients contribute to the compliance with the therapy or to the contrary. Demographic and disease variables were obtained. Child Behavior Check-list (CBCL) was completed by the mothers of the patients. A detailed psychiatric interview based on the 4th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual diagnostic criteria was performed for each patient. Symptom Distress Checklist 90 (SCL-90) scale was given to all mothers for evaluating their psychopathology. Results: Although CBCL scores remained between the normal ranges, desferrioxamine mesylate (DFO)-compliant patients and the patients with lower ferritin values had significantly higher scores. A total of 24% of the patients had a psychiatric diagnosis including major depression, anxiety disorder, tic disorder, and enuresis nocturnal. The psychiatric diagnosis was significantly higher in the patients who were compliant with desferrioxamine compared with the non-compliant group (P = 0.007). The SCL-90 scores indicated that the mothers who had a child with good adherence to DFO had higher scale scores than the mothers with a poor adherent child. Conclusions: The increase risk of psychosocial and behavioral problems in thalassemics and their parents indicated the importance of a lifelong psychosocial support for the prevention of mental health issues. The patients and their parents, who were more conscious of the illness, were more worried but more compliant with the therapy and need stronger psychiatric support
Social cognition in pervasive developmental disorders
No full textOtizmin de içinde bulunduğu yaygın gelişimsel bozukluklar (YGB) iletişim, sosyal biliş ve duygusal işaretlerin işlenmesi gibi kişiler arası ilişkileri oluşturan birçok alanda ciddi ve süregen bozukluklarla karakterize, genetik temelleri olan ve anormal beyin gelişiminin görüldüğü nörogelişimsel hastalıklardır. Otistik bozukluk (OB) ve diğer YGB’si olan çocuklardaki bilişsel yetersizlikler; zihin kuramı bozukluğu, yürütücü işlev bozukluğu ve zayıf merkezi bütünleşme gibi nöropsikiyatrik modellerle açıklanmaya çalışılmaktadır. Bu makalede YGB’de sosyal bilişi açıklamaya çalışan zihin kuramı ve sosyal bilişin nörobiyolojik temellerinin gözden geçirilmesi amaçlanmıştır. OB ve diğer YGB’deki sosyal biliş ve zihin kuramını inceleyen çalışmalara PubMed arama motoru kullanılarak ulaşılmış ve elde edilen veriler bu derleme kapsamında ele alınmıştır. Sosyal biliş, diğerlerinin düşüncelerini ve niyetlerini anlayabilme aracılığıyla onların davranışlarının anlamını çıkarabilme, öngörebilme ve karmaşık sosyal çevreler ile etkileşime girebilme yeteneği olarak tanımlanabilir. Zihin kuramı yetersizliği OB’deki temel sorunlardan biridir ve otizmi olan bireylerde zihinsel süreçlerin kavranmasında, kendi zihinsel temsillerinin ve diğer insanların zihinsel temsillerinin kavranmasında yetersizlik bulunmaktadır. OB olan bireylerde, normalde olması gereken, yüz tanıma, göz göze ilişki kurma, yüzdeki emosyonu okuma gibi, kişilerarası ilişkilerin ve sosyal gruptaki işlevselliğin önemli bir parçası olan sosyal işlevlerin bozukluğu söz konusudur. Sosyal biliş ile ilişkili beyin alanları; frontal lob, temporal lob, ön singulat korteks, fusiform girus, amigdala, ve arka assosiasyon korteksi ile bunların iç bağlantılarıdır. Fusiform girus ve amigdala yüz tanıma ve algılamasında görev alır ve yapılan çalışmalarda özellikle erken gelişim dönemlerinde amigdaladaki bir bozukluğun, ileride yüz kimliği ve yüz ifadelerinin dışavurumunu algılamada sosyal algısal bozukluklara yol açtığından bahsedilmektedir. YGB’si olan bireylerin yüzleri algılarken fusiform girus aktivasyonunda düşüklük saptanmıştır. Amigdalanın fusiform girus üzerine düzenleyici bir etkisi bulunduğundan, amigdala lezyonlarında, emosyon yüklü yüzlere karşı fusiform girusdaki azalmış aktivasyon, amigdaladaki işlevsizliğin derecesiyle bağlantılıdır. Birçok çalışmanın ortak bulgusu, OB’deki fusiform girus hipoaktivasyonunun amigdalaya bağlı bazı süreçlerden kaynaklandığı yönündedir. OB olan bireylerde, gözlerin bakış yönü, hareketleri ve karşıdaki kişinin beden hareketlerinden sosyal uyaranın anlaşılmasında rolü bulunan üst temporal sulkusun hipoaktivasyonu ve anormal hacim ölçümleri saptanmıştır. Temelde bir sosyal biliş bozukluğu olduğunu söyleyebileceğimiz OB, beynin bu sistemlerinin mikroskopik ve/veya makroskopik düzeydeki aksaklıklarına bağlı olarak açığa çıkmaktadır. Sonuç olarak, OB ve diğer YGB’de sosyal biliş nörobiyolojisine bakıldığında, erken bebeklikte amigdalada ve amigdalanın fusiform girus, üst temporal sulkusu içeren diğer temporal alanlarla bağlantısında varolan bir bozukluğun, çocuğun yüzlere ve diğer sosyal olarak anlamlı olan uyaranlara karşı ilgisinin azalmasına ya da yok olmasına neden olduğu görülmektedir. Bu da normal uyarana bağlı aktivasyon gerektiren fusiform girus gibi beyin bölgelerinin normal gelişimlerinden sapmasına neden olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Otizmdeki sosyal kognisyon sorunlarının anlaşılması üzerine çalışırken, temelde bilinmesi gereken şey, otizmin bir tek nöroanatomik yapı ya da döngünün hastalığı değil, daha yaygın, birçok nöronal sistemin etkilendiği nörogelişimsel bir bozukluk olduğudur.Pervasive developmental disorders (PDDs) and autistic disorder (AD) are neurodevelopmental disorders with genetic basis and abnormal brain development, and characterized by severe and permanent deficits in many interpersonal relation areas like communication, social cognition and processing of emotional signs. Cognitive impairments in AD and other PDDs are tried to be explained by neuropsychiatric models like theory of mind deficits, executive dysfunction and weak central coherence. This article aimed to review neurobiological bases of social cognition and theory of mind which try to explain social cognition. PubMed medical search engine was queried to find out the studies and review articles on social cognition and theory of mind in AD and PDDs. Social cognition may be defined as the ability to interact in complex social areas with understanding the others’ intentions and thoughts. The mind deficit is theorized to be one of the basic difficulties in autism. Individuals with autism have deficits in recognizing mental processes and mental representations of self and others’. Patients with AD have deficits in social functions which an important part of interpersonal interactions and functioning within a social group; like face recognition, eye contact and emotional expression recognition. Frontal lobe, temporal lobe, anterior cingulate cortex, fusiform gyrus, amygdala, posterior association cortex and their internal associations are brain areas associated with social cognition. Fusiform gyrus and amygdala are effective in face perception and recognition. Studies suggest that a deficit in amygdala may lead to social perceptional deficits like face identity and emotional expression recognition. It is determined that individuals with PDDs have hypoactivation in fusiform gyrus during perception of faces. Amygdala has a regulatory effect on fusiform gyrus and in lesions of amygdala, the hypoactivation of fusiform gyrus for emotional salient faces are parallel to the level of amygdala lesion. The common result of many studies is that the hypoactivation of fusiform gyrus is based on some processes related to amygdala. Superior temporal sulcus hypoactivations and abnormal volume measures were found in patients with autistic disorder. Superior tempral sulcus has a role in perception of social stimulus from gaze directions, and eye and body movements of others’. Autism can be defined as a social cognition disorder and is caused by deficits at microscopic and/or macroscopic levels in these brain systems. The review of the neurobiology of social cognition in AD and other PPDs defisits in amygdala and in connections of amygdala with other temporal areas including fusiform gyrus, superior temporal sulcus in early infancy and that leads to a deficit or absence of infant’s interest for faces and other stimuli which are socially significant. This causes abnormal development of brain areas like fusiform gyrus which needs a stimulus dependent activation. When studying social cognition deficits, it is important to note that autism is not a disorder of a unique neuroanatomical system or cyclus; but it is a neurodevelopmental disorder in whichmany pervasive neural systems are affected
What is the best protective factor(s) in childhood sexual abuse and suicide? Age, gender, family, school?
No full textLamotrigine add-on therapy to venlafaxine treatment in adolescent-onset bipolar II disorder: a case report covering an 8-month observation period
No full textObservations made with lamotrigine add-on therapy with venlafaxine in this case give clues for some aspects of its use in adolescent-onset bipolar 11 disorder. An 18-year-old adolescent boy with a 3-year history of bipolar 11 disorder had experienced 2 episodes of hypomania and 4 episodes of major depression. He had been depressed for the last 3 months and had taken olanzapine 5 mg daily for over 6 weeks as mood stabilizer but was still depressed at referral. Other aspects of the patient history included anhedonia, psychomotor retardation, poor concentration, a feeling of hopelessness, hypersonmia, overeating, weight gain, low energy and a refusal to attend school. Parents reported that his symptoms had recently become more severe. His medicine was replaced by venlafaxine, which has a more rapid onset of action and is often used in bipolar depression, especially in patients with atypical depression. Since the clinical response at 6 weeks was only partial, lamotrigine was added to this regimen. The patient responded to lamotrigine after 3 weeks of treatment while on a dose of 50 mg/day. After 6 weeks of treatment, whilst on a dose of 75 mg/day, his symptoms remitted completely with no evidence of any adverse effects. At the time of publication of this article, the patient had remained euthymic for a total of 8 months. The present report shows that lamotrigine add-on therapy with venlafaxine facilitated clinical remission and that this combination is well tolerated
Lamotrigine add-on therapy to venlafaxine treatment in adolescent-onset bipolar II disorder: a case report covering an 8-month observation period
No full textSodium valproate prophylaxis in childhood migraine
No full textMigraine is a cause of recurrent headache in childhood. The efficacy of sodium valproate is well known in the prophylactic treatment of adult migraine, but there are few studies involving the drug's effect in pediatric migraine. Objective.-To determine the efficacy of sodium valproate in the prophylactic treatment of childhood migraine. Methods.-Fifteen children with migraine according to International Headache Society criteria were included in the study. Headache severity was measured and assessed by Algology unit by a using visual analog scale and a numerical rating scale. All of the subjects were asked to keep a headache diary for 8 weeks. Three subjects who had no headache attacks during the baseline period and two cases who were lost to follow up were excluded. Thus, sodium valproate was initiated in 10 subjects (six boys, four girls), 500 mg/night, and the daily dose was increased up to 1000 mg according to blood levels. Their ages ranged from 9 to 17 (mean age 13.6 +/- 3.2 years). Therapy continued for at least 12 weeks. Results.-Headache severity as measured via the mean visual analog score was 6.8 +/- 1.8 at baseline and was 0.7 +/- 1.2 at the end of the treatment period (P = 0.000). Mean headache attacks per month were 6 +/- 4.2 at baseline and were 0.8 +/- 1.9 at the end of the treatment period (P = 0.002). The duration of headache was significantly decreased from a mean of 5.5 +/- 3.9 hours to 1.1 +/- 2.5 hours with treatment (P = 0.001). The observed side effects were dizziness, drowsiness, and increase in appetite; none required drug withdrawal. In two cases, headache attacks recurred after the cessation of valproate, and therapy was restarted. Headache control lasted for six months following cessation of the drug in the remainder of the subjects. Conclusion.-Sodium valproate appears to be effective and safe in selected patients with childhood migraine
An adolescent with Asperger's disorder and comorbid bipolar disorder: a case report
No full text5th Biennial Conference of the International-Society-for-Bipolar-Disorders -- MAR 14-17, 2012 -- Istanbul, TURKEYInt Soc Bipolar Disorder
