408 research outputs found
Der sogenannte Gewährleistungsgehalt – Eine Analyse der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts
No full textHellmann V. Der sogenannte Gewährleistungsgehalt – Eine Analyse der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts. In: Emmenegger S, Wiedmann A, eds. Linien der Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts - Band 2. Erörtert von den wissenschaftlichen Mitarbeitern. Berlin, Boston: DE GRUYTER; 2011: 151-178
Algebraic Presentations of Dependent Type Theories
No full textC-systems were defined by Cartmell as models of generalized algebraic
theories. B-systems were defined by Voevodsky in his quest to formulate and
prove an initiality conjecture for type theories. They play a crucial role in
Voevodsky's construction of a syntactic C-system from a term monad. In this
work, we construct an equivalence between the category of C-systems and the
category of B-systems, thus proving a conjecture by Voevodsky. We construct
this equivalence as the restriction of an equivalence between more general
structures, called CE-systems and E-systems, respectively. To this end, we
identify C-systems and B-systems as "stratified" CE-systems and E-systems,
respectively; that is, systems whose contexts are built iteratively via context
extension, starting from the empty context.Comment: v2: changed title, added some example
Responses to Labor Market Divides in Small States Since the 1990s
No full textObinger H, Starke P, Kaasch A. Responses to Labor Market Divides in Small States Since the 1990s. In: Emmenegger P, Häusermann S, Palier B, Seeleib-Kaiser M, eds. The Age of Dualization. The Changing Face of Inequality in Deindustrializing Societies. Oxford: Oxford University Press; 2012: 176-200
Risk of technological unemployment and support for redistributive policies
No full textIn recent years, economic literature has highlighted the rising employment risks
related to technological change. On the comparative political economy side, exposure to labor
market risks has been investigated as a source of preference for redistribution, but so far,
technological change has not been framed as a distinctive risk. In this chapter, we argue that
occupational risk related to technological change can be a relevant driver for redistribution
preferences, particularly in support of social policies geared at protecting workers from lack of
income. We test our hypothesis on Italy, using data from Round 8 of the European Social
Survey, including unique data on support for minimum income schemes (GMI) alongside
universal basic income (UBI), and a measure of subjective (perceived) risk of technological
unemployment alongside an objective measure based on task substitutability (the Routine Task
Index). Our results show that higher levels of objective exposure to risk of technological
unemployment significantly correlate with support for some income protection measures, GMI
in particular. At the same time, the perceived risk of technological unemployment alone has no
explanatory power. Finally, results highlight the notion of distributive deservingness as relevant
for the popular support of redistributive policies
Electroencephalogram paroxysmal θ characterizes cataplexy in mice and children.
No full textAstute control of brain activity states is critical for adaptive behaviours and survival. In mammals and birds, electroencephalographic recordings reveal alternating states of wakefulness, slow wave sleep and paradoxical sleep (or rapid eye movement sleep). This control is profoundly impaired in narcolepsy with cataplexy, a disease resulting from the loss of orexin/hypocretin neurotransmitter signalling in the brain. Narcolepsy with cataplexy is characterized by irresistible bouts of sleep during the day, sleep fragmentation during the night and episodes of cataplexy, a sudden loss of muscle tone while awake and experiencing emotions. The neural mechanisms underlying cataplexy are unknown, but commonly thought to involve those of rapid eye movement-sleep atonia, and cataplexy typically is considered as a rapid eye movement sleep disorder. Here we reassess cataplexy in hypocretin (Hcrt, also known as orexin) gene knockout mice. Using a novel video/electroencephalogram double-blind scoring method, we show that cataplexy is not a state per se, as believed previously, but a dynamic, multi-phased process involving a reproducible progression of states. A knockout-specific state and a stereotypical paroxysmal event were introduced to account for signals and electroencephalogram spectral characteristics not seen in wild-type littermates. Cataplexy almost invariably started with a brief phase of wake-like electroencephalogram, followed by a phase featuring high-amplitude irregular theta oscillations, defining an activity profile distinct from paradoxical sleep, referred to as cataplexy-associated state and in the course of which 1.5-2 s high-amplitude, highly regular, hypersynchronous paroxysmal theta bursts (∼7 Hz) occurred. In contrast to cataplexy onset, exit from cataplexy did not show a predictable sequence of activities. Altogether, these data contradict the hypothesis that cataplexy is a state similar to paradoxical sleep, even if long cataplexies may evolve into paradoxical sleep. Although not exclusive to overt cataplexy, cataplexy-associated state and hypersynchronous paroxysmal theta activities are highly enriched during cataplexy in hypocretin/orexin knockout mice. Their occurrence in an independent narcolepsy mouse model, the orexin/ataxin 3 transgenic mouse, undergoing loss of orexin neurons, was confirmed. Importantly, we document for the first time similar paroxysmal theta hypersynchronies (∼4 Hz) during cataplexy in narcoleptic children. Lastly, we show by deep recordings in mice that the cataplexy-associated state and hypersynchronous paroxysmal theta activities are independent of hippocampal theta and involve the frontal cortex. Cataplexy hypersynchronous paroxysmal theta bursts may represent medial prefrontal activity, associated in humans and rodents with reward-driven motor impulse, planning and conflict monitoring
A New Computational Method for Piezoelectric Plate Modeling: Application to Membrane Microsensors
No full textAmong applications of the piezoelectric effect in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), several employ membranes as the active region of the device. We have developed a new multilayered piezoelectric composite plate finite element that improves the modeling of piezoelectric membranes. In this paper we present the implementation of the element within the finite element package FEMEngine. We demonstrate the validity of the theory and use the implementation to simulate a viscosity sensor for food-stuff monitoring. Our work is motivated by the fact that the accurate modeling of piezoelectric multilayered membranes is not possible with currently available commercial finite element softwar
Irenische Fiktion in polemischer Absicht. Der spätantike Disputationsroman De Gestis in Perside als Widerspruch gegen die Religionspolitik in Byzanz
No full textThis contribution deals with the Greek fictional text De gestis in Perside which was widely received in medieval Byzantium and beyond, but has been hardly noticed by modern research. The confrontation between Christians, Hellenes, Zoroastrians and Jews at the Court of the Sassanians turns out in favor of Christianity, but peacefully and with a plea for peaceful coexistence by the arbiter Aphroditian. The paper methodically explores the relationship between fiction and facts in three steps. It argues that the anonymous, probably Christian author of this disputation novel chose Persia as the setting for an ideal, peaceful debate in order to express his criticism of Justinian’s religious policy as well as his criticism of the discord among the Christians of his time
Controlled growth of protein resistant PHEMA brushes via S-RAFT polymerization
No full textThe reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer polymerization of 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA) from surfaces (S-RAFT) using an R-group-attached chain transfer agent (CTA) is presented. The approach was exploited for the efficient preparation of well-defined PHEMA brushes of up to 50 nm thickness in a controlled fashion without using any cytotoxic catalyst. The chemical composition, morphology and wettability of the samples were assessed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and water contact angle measurements, while the growth kinetics were studied by monitoring the dry thickness via spectroscopic ellipsometry. The mechanism and kinetics of the RAFT polymerization on the surface-in the presence of a sacrificial CTA and of solvent mixtures with different polarities-were investigated. A marked effect of the concentration of the sacrificial CTA on the kinetics was observed. Importantly -and for the first time -the living PHEMA brushes were exploited as macroRAFT agents for chain extension, and thicknesses up to 70 nm were achieved. The prepared PHEMA brushes were challenged with protein solutions demonstrating their resistance to fouling
Die neue bundesgerichtliche Rechtsprechung zur Absichsanfechtung und ihre Bezüge zur aktienrechtlichen Sorgfaltspflicht der Organe
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