475 research outputs found
Random numbers from metastability and thermal noise
No full textPseudorandom number generators are algorithmic and thus, predictable. Ideally cryptography, simulation and modelling applications require a source of true random numbers. Presented is a true random number generator that exploits metastablity and thermal noise. The novelty is that the low-cost design can be fully integrated with standard CMOS technology.D.C. Ranasinghe, D. Lim, S. Devadas, D. Abbott and P.H. Col
A low cost solution to cloning and authentication based on a lightweight primitive
No full textThis paper proposes a solution to address the issue of authentication to prevent counterfeiting in a low cost RFID based system based on using a lightweight primitive, Physically Unclonable Functions. © 2008 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.Damith C. Ranasinghe, Srinivas Devadas, and Peter H. Col
An integrable low cost hardware random number generator
No full textA hardware random number generator is different from a pseudo-random number generator; a pseudo-random number generator approximates the assumed behavior of a real hardware random number generator. Simple pseudo random number generators suffices for most applications, however for demanding situations such as the generation of cryptographic keys, requires an efficient and a cost effective source of random numbers. Arbiter-based Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) proposed for physical authentication of ICs exploits statistical delay variation of wires and transistors across integrated circuits, as a result of process variations, to build a secret key unique to each IC. Experimental results and theoretical studies show that a sufficient amount of variation exits across IC"s. This variation enables each IC to be identified securely.It is possible to exploit the unreliability of these PUF responses to build a physical random number generator.Damith C. Ranasinghe, Daihyun Lim, Srinivas Devadas, Behnam Jamali, Zheng Zhu and Peter H. Col
Reliable and efficient PUF-based key generation using pattern matching
No full textWe describe a novel and efficient method to reliably provision and re-generate a finite and exact sequence of bits, for use with cryptographic applications, e.g., as a key, by employing one or more challengeable Physical Unclonable Function (PUF) circuit elements. Our method reverses the conventional paradigm of using public challenges to generate secret PUF responses; it exposes response patterns and keeps secret the particular challenges that generate response patterns. The key is assembled from a series of small (initially chosen or random), secret integers, each being an index into a string of bits produced by the PUF circuit(s); a PUF unique pattern at each respective index is then persistently stored between provisioning and all subsequent key re-generations. To obtain the secret integers again, a newly repeated PUF output string is searched for highest-probability matches with the stored patterns. This means that complex error correction logic such as BCH decoders are not required. The method reveals only relatively short PUF output data in public store, thwarting opportunities for modeling attacks. We provide experimental results using data obtained from PUF ASICs, which show that keys can be efficiently and reliably generated using our scheme under extreme environmental variation
Scalable directoryless shared memory coherence using execution migration
No full textWe introduce the concept of deadlock-free migration-based coherent shared memory to the NUCA family of architectures. Migration-based architectures move threads among cores to guarantee sequential semantics in large multicores. Using a execution migration (EM) architecture, we achieve performance comparable to directory-based architectures without using directories: avoiding automatic data replication significantly reduces cache miss rates, while a fast network-level thread migration scheme takes advantage of shared data locality to reduce remote cache accesses that limit traditional NUCA performance. EM area and energy consumption are very competitive, and, on the average, it outperforms a directory-based MOESI baseline by 6.8% and a traditional S-NUCA design by 9.2%. We argue that with EM scaling performance has much lower cost and design complexity than in directory-based coherence and traditional NUCA architectures: by merely scaling network bandwidth from 128 to 256 (512) bit flits, the performance of our architecture improves by an additional 8% (12%), while the baselines show negligible improvement
Business development trends and analysis for the data networking market
No full textThesis (S.M. in Engineering and Management)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Engineering Systems Division, System Design and Management Program, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (p. 89-96).The Internet has come a long way after the widely reported invention by Sandra Lerner and Leonard Bosack of the router, a device that can transmit data from one network to another based on certain protocols and principles. Despite a slow start in the mid 1980s, the Internet has emerged as one of the primary means of communication for people of all walks of life. Sophisticated, network-aware applications that integrate data, voice and video have helped fuel this growth. This thesis examines the latest technology trends and historical developments in various market segments of the Internet. Using technology trends as a backdrop, it analyzes business development at Cisco Systems, Inc., a major player in all Internet market segments. Well-known tools and concepts such as the Familiarity Matrix and Technology S-curve are used for case studies of business development at Cisco. Business Development is almost always a high-stakes endeavor requiring keen insight on both financial and strategy fronts. What are good strategies for corporate entrepreneurship? What are the challenges in business development by way of acquisitions? Will cyber anonymity continue to make us lonely and distanced, or will there be a new breed of Internet applications that will genuinely bring people closer? These are some of the questions this thesis explores, drawing on the wisdom and experience of industry experts.by Devadas V. Patil.S.M.in Engineering and Managemen
Book review : 'The fourth eye : Maori media in Aotearoa'
No full textBook review of 'The Fourth Eye: Maori media in Aotearoa' edited by Brendan Hokowhitu and Vijay Devadas (2013). Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.4 page(s
Does corruption relieve foreign investors of the burden of taxes and capital controls?
No full textIn a sample of fourteen source countries making bilateral investments in forty five countries, the author finds that taxes, capital controls, and corruption, all have large, statistically significant negative effects on foreign investment. Moreover, there is no robust support in the data for the"efficient grease"hypothesis - that corruption helps attract foreign investment by reducing firms'tax burden and the irritant of capital controls.International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Capital Markets and Capital Flows,Decentralization,Fiscal&Monetary Policy,Economic Theory&Research,Economic Theory&Research,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Governance Indicators,National Governance,Capital Flows
Exploiting metastability and thermal noise to build a re-configurable hardware random number generator
No full text©2005 COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering.While pseudo random number generators based on computational complexity are widely used for most of cryptographic applications and probabilistic simulations, the generation of true random numbers based on physical randomness is required to guarantee the advanced security of cryptographic systems. In this paper we present a method to exploit manufacturing variations, metastablity, and thermal noise in integrated circuits to generate random numbers. This metastability based physical random number generator provides a compact and low-power solution which can be fabricated using standard IC manufacturing processes. Test-chips were fabricated in TSMC 0.18um process and experimental results show that the generated random bits pass standard randomness tests successfully. The operation ofthe proposed scheme is robust against environmental changes since it can be re-calibrated to new environmental conditions such as temperature and power supply voltage.Daihyun Lim, Damith C. Ranasinghe, Srinivas Devadas, Behnam Jamali, Derek Abbott, and Peter H. Col
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