38 research outputs found
COMPORTAMENTO DI CITTADINANZA PER LA SICUREZZA: UNA RICERCA CROSS-CULTURALE
No full textIntroduzione
L’importanza del comportamento di cittadinanza nel promuovere la sicurezza sul lavoro è innegabile. In letteratura, il costrutto di safety citizenship behavior (acr. SCB) è stato associato
alla riduzione del tasso di infortuni e al generale apprendimento organizzativo, e concettualizzato come un costrutto olistico
comprendente sei componenti: voicing; initiating a change;helping; wistleblowing; stewardship; civic virtue. Tuttavia, recenti ricerche suggeriscono che alcune componenti possono
funzionare in modo differenziato.
Obiettivi
In assenza di studi internazionali di validazione, la presente ricerca affronta il problema della validità e della stabilità della
struttura fattoriale di SCB attraverso diversi campioni di lavoratori europei. Basandosi sulla ricerca contemporanea sul comportamento di cittadinanza, si ipotizza che esistano due dimensioni di SCB di ordine superiore: affiliative-oriented VS challenging-oriented. Mentre la prima appare orientata al mantenimento del benessere dei lavoratori, la seconda appare orientata al miglioramento dei livelli di sicurezza dei processi.
Metodologia
I dati sono stati raccolti in differenti nazioni europee (Italia, Federazione Russa, Regno Unito), mediante questionario somministrato a campioni di lavoratori (N > 1000) del settore chimico.
I dati sono stati trattati con modelli ad equazione strutturale e multi-gruppo.
Risultati
Studio 1: I risultati statistici supportano la validità e la stabilità della struttura latente proposta attraverso i differenti campioni
nazionali. Studio 2: L’analisi della rete nomologica di SCB effettuata in uno dei campioni mostra come le due dimensioni sovraordinate SCB siano associate a processi psicosociali complementari (commitment vs proactivity).
Conclusioni
I risultati della ricerca mostrano implicazioni teoriche e pratiche su come progettare la promozione della sicurezza nei luoghi di lavoro attraverso il coinvolgimento attivo dei lavoratori
Risk information source preferences in construction workers
No full textPurpose - Many researchers have investigated the determinants of workers’ risk-taking / unsafe behaviours as a way to improve safety management and reduce accidents but there has been a general lack of research about workers’ risk information seeking behaviours or their source preferences for risk information. The aim of this study was to investigate whether occupational risk information source preference was risk independent (i.e. whether workers prefer to receive occupational risk information from proximal sources like supervisors and workmates regardless of the nature of the risk or the source’s expertise regarding that risk, or if they discriminated between information sources based on the type of risk being considered). Design/methodology/approach - Data were collected from 106 frontline construction workers who were recruited from a single building site within the UK with the help of the safety officer on site. The source from which workers preferred to receive information about a range of risks was measured using a ranking exercise. Specifically, workers were asked to rank five occupational sources (HSE, Safety Manager, Project Manager, Supervisor, Workmates) according to how much they preferred each one to deliver information about eight different risks (Asbestos, Back Pain, Site Transport, Heights, Slips / Trips, Housekeeping, and Site-Specific and Job-Specific Risks). Findings - We found that supervisors and safety managers were the most preferred sources of risk information overall, but a correspondence analysis suggested that workers’ risk information source preference is risk dependent and might be driven by source expertise. Practical implications - Our findings have important practical implications for the role of safety managers in risk communication and for building trust within high-hazard organisations. Originality/value - To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate risk information source preferences in an occupational setting
The role of prosocial and proactive safety behaviors in predicting safety performance
No full text© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. Employees' engagement in safety is assumed to be a significant contributor to safety performance within the chemical industry. The current study tested this assumption by examining the role of prosocial safety behaviors (e.g., helping others) and proactive safety behaviors (e.g., seeking change) in predicting four safety performance outcomes: micro-accidents, property damage (accidents without injury), near-miss events, and lost-time injuries. Two-wave data collected from 511 employees located in 2 Italian chemical plants revealed that prosocial safety behaviors predicted micro-accidents and property damage, and proactive safety behaviors predicted near-miss events and lost-time injuries. These results suggest that benefits can be gained from distinguishing between prosocial and proactive safety behaviors when seeking to improve safety performance. Organizations may reduce the rate of minor injuries and property damage by increasing helping among employees. However, this approach will be less effective in reducing more serious accidents or increasing near-miss event reporting. More effective in these cases is creating environments in which employees feel able to raise their suggestions and concerns about safety
Women and drink driving
No full textWhile there is a lot of work around drink-driving, it generally focuses on young men and the risk they pose to themselves and to others. There is no doubt that young men are the most concerning demographic. However, with the on-going publicity around young women and binge drinking, this report analyses the available statistics on young women and drink-driving, and older women and drink-driving, as well as looking at media reporting of incidents involving them. Older and younger women were also interviewed about their behaviour and attitudes towards drink-driving. Campaigns are not necessarily seen to be relevant to women and while they still remain an absolute minority in terms of drink-driving incidents, there does need to be some consideration paid to more inclusive ways of addressing the issue
Fieldwork is Good? The Student Experience of Field Courses
No full textThis paper describes the results of the 'Student Views of Fieldwork' project,as part of the wider LTSN-GEES pedagogic research and fieldworkp r o g ra m m e. Research was conducted across Geogra p h y, E a rth andE nvironmental Science disciplines to examine the effect of fieldwork onstudents' affective domain. The project aimed to monitor changes ins t u d e n t ’s attitudes to learning that occurred as a result of attendingresidential field courses. In addition, the changes in how students value thef i e l d w o rk ex p e rience were examined and differences in attidudes andvalues between different groups of students (for example age and gender)were explored
Fieldwork is Good? The Student Experience of Field Courses
No full textThis paper describes the results of the 'Student Views of Fieldwork' project,as part of the wider LTSN-GEES pedagogic research and fieldworkp r o g ra m m e. Research was conducted across Geogra p h y, E a rth andE nvironmental Science disciplines to examine the effect of fieldwork onstudents' affective domain. The project aimed to monitor changes ins t u d e n t ’s attitudes to learning that occurred as a result of attendingresidential field courses. In addition, the changes in how students value thef i e l d w o rk ex p e rience were examined and differences in attidudes andvalues between different groups of students (for example age and gender)were explored
Improving occupational safety : using a trusted information source to communicate about risk
No full textWe examine the importance of employee trust in an information source for occupational safety within the construction industry. We sought to identify if: (1) trust in an information source was risk independent; (2) workers trusted one information source significantly more than others; (3) there was a significant relationship between trust and risk behaviour, specifically, if workers' self-reported intention to change their risk-related behaviour was related to their trust in an information source. These issues were addressed using data from 131 UK construction workers drawn from a single industrial site. Results showed that workers' trust in an information source was relatively stable and did not significantly differ between risks. Trust in information from the project manager, safety manager, UK HSE and workmates was based on the source's accuracy, while trust in information from supervisors was based on their demonstrations of care. Of the five sources, the UK HSE and safety manager emerged as the most trusted sources and the most influential in shaping workers' risk-related behavioural intentions. These results have implications for safety campaigns because they suggest that while workers have trust in the source that develops these campaigns (UK HSE), they have relatively less trust in those that deliver them (project managers and supervisors). This may impact on the effectiveness of these campaigns in shaping workers' risk behaviours
Measuring implicit trust and automatic attitude activation
No full textWhen researchers measure trust, they often use direct (explicit) measures like questionnaire surveys. This chapter considers the use of indirect (implicit) measures of trust, which rely on reaction times. These measures are less susceptible to the effects of response biases and are more likely to be indicative of spontaneous behaviours
Effects of Context(s) on Political Radicalisation
No full textUnderstanding the drivers of political radicalisation is necessary to predict and plan for radicalised responses. While the radicalisation literature shows an increasing interest in the ways context elicits radicalised behaviours, empirical research in this area remains limited. Additionally, while this literature categorises context into individual, group, and mass level, it has rarely systematically tested how a combination of these categories affect radical behavioural outcomes. In this thesis, I argue that accounting for the interdependency between different context categories can explain the heterogeneity of radicalisation processes and outcomes. I draw on contextual challenges that are prevalent in our social reality to examine how individuals’ online/offline societal experiences, alongside broader categories of socio-political contexts and national cultural references, drive radical endorsements. More specifically, I use this context interdependency to examine both radical shifts and the underlying processes that direct these shifts. In doing so, I propose a conceptual framework which identifies the biopsychosocial mechanisms that are likely to stimulate radical action (Chapter 1). A contextual approach to political radicalisation assumes that different sets of context categories interact in diverse ways and are likely to instigate psychological processes that drive different forms of radical outcomes. To investigate this assumption, I explored how context interdependency affects physio-cognitive and group processes to elicit support for radical actions. Using big data (Google search data) and two different experimental designs (with the general population and students from the UK and USA), I showed how combining online societal experiences and socio-cultural contexts predicts radical shifts in response to practices of surveillance and privacy violation over time (Chapter 2). Extending this research, five experiments were carried out to show that radical endorsement-as measured with response to hate speech, Brexit, vote denials in European elections, and climate change- are predicted by a combination of online/offline societal experiences, socio-political and national cultural contexts and determined by physio-cognitive processes, identity processes and individual belief systems (Chapter 3). Theoretical implications for the importance of context in shaping political radicalisation and practical implications for explaining radical shifts are provided (Chapter 4)
Trust and risk communication in high-risk organizations : a test of principles from social risk research
No full textThis study explored the effects of open communication about occupational risks on workers' trust beliefs and trust intentions toward risk management, and the resilience of these beliefs and intentions to further risk information. An experimental survey of 393 student nurses showed the importance of open communication in the development of worker trust in risk management. Consistent with the trust asymmetry principle, we found that the increase in trust beliefs following open communication was weaker than the reduction in trust following a lack of communication. Further, the level of trust developed through communication (or lack of) influenced the way that subsequent risk information was processed. Negative risk information reduced trust beliefs in nurses with already low levels of trust while positive risk information increased trust beliefs only in those with already high levels. A similar pattern of results emerged for nurses' trust intentions, although the magnitude of these effects was weaker. The implications of these findings for occupational risk management are discussed
