21,912 research outputs found
Spiranthes nivea var. papillata T. C. Hsu & Suetsugu. Consequently 2023, var. nov.
No full textSpiranthes nivea var. papillata T.C. Hsu & Suetsugu, var. nov. — Fig. 5. ≡ Spiranthes minutiflora Hsu (2016: 187) in Hsu & Chung (2016), nom. illeg., non Richard & Galeotti (1845: 32). Type:— TAIWAN. Ilan: Tsuifong Lake, 1800–1900 m elev., 3 June 2015, T.C. Hsu 7743 (holotype: TAIF496968!). Diagnosis:— Spiranthes nivea var. papillata is morphologically distinguishable from S. nivea var. nivea by its more densely pubescent rachis and ovaries (vs. sparsely pubescent rachis and ovaries), narrower sepals that are white tinged with pink or purple at the apex (vs. wider and entirely white sepals), and papillose labellum disc (vs. almost glabrous labellum disc). Morphological descriptions and illustrations: —See Hsu & Chung (2016: 187), as Spiranthes minutiflora. Distribution and ecology: —This variety is currently recorded around Tsuifong Lake and Taipingshan in northeastern Taiwan. It grows on sunny grasslands, semi-open roadside slopes, and cliffs around 1800–2100 m elev. Flowers were observed from May to July. Etymology:— The specific epithet is named after its papillate lip and papillate-pubescent rachis and ovaries that are diagnostic from the typical variety. Additional specimens examined:— TAIWAN. Ilan Co.: Taipingshan, 21 May 2012, T.-C. Hsu 5742 (TAIF!); same loc., 23 June 2017, T.-C. Hsu 9299 (TAIF!); Tsuifeng Lake, 22 June 2017, T.-C. Hsu 9287 (TAIF!). Taxonomic remarks: — Spiranthes nivea var. papillata shows morphological resemblance to S. nivea and S. hongkongensis, due to their shared autogamous reproductive biology. Althouth Lin (2019) considered it conspecific with S. hongkongensis, this taxon actually differs in having bracts that significantly exceed ovaries, smaller and glabrous basal labellum callosities, ovate labellum, and smaller column. These features imply a closer relationship to S. nivea, but it still differs from S. nivea var. nivea by several morphological characters mentioned in the diagnosis. Given that there are no significant differences in the labellum and column morphology, which are essential characteristics in species delimitation in S. sinensis species complex (Pace et al. 2019), we concluded that the relatively minor differences are attributed to intraspecific variation, describing it as a new variety of S. nivea.Published as part of Suetsugu, Kenji & Hsu, Tian-Chuan, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan, pp. 1-10 in Phytotaxa 578 (1) on pages 6-7, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/751762
Spindasis syama subsp. lamuae Hsu & Liang 2020, ssp. nov.
No full textSpindasis syama lamuae ssp. nov. (Figs. 9–16, 25–29) Aphnaeus syama var. leechi; Matsumura (not Swinhoe), 1919: Thousand insects of Japan (Additamenta) 3: 609. pl., 48, 4, 5. (mis-identification) Aphnaeus syama formosana; Seitz 1927 (not Matsumura): the Macrolepidoptera of the world: 937, pl. 156, fig. 156h; Hirayama (not Moore) 1933: Butterflies in Colour: pl. 20, Fig. 3; pl. 21, fig. 3. (mis-identification) Aphnaeus syama formosana ab. nakaharai Naritomi 1941: Kontyukai 91: 618, pl. 4, Fig. 4. Diagnosis. Ssp. lamuae is characteristic by distal band of central symmetry system of hindwing undersides broken posteriorly at 1A+2A (Figs. 10, 12, 14, 16), whereas this band is continuous, forming a complete V-shaped band in the other subspecies (Figs. 18, 20). The appearance of ssp. lamuae is most similar to ssp. sepulveda Fruhstorfer, 1912 of continental China (Figs. 17–20, 30–34) in wing patterns, sharing the feature of distal band of central symmetry system of forewing undersides in touch with parafocal elements. Ssp. lamuae demonstrates profound seasonal variation, with the markings on wing undersides of individuals emerged in dry/cooler months reduced and turning reddish (Figs. 12, 16). By contrast, seasonal variation is absent in ssp. sepulveda, with individuals emerged from all seasons possessing black spots and bands (Figs. 18, 20); posterior margin of costa on valva is smooth in lamuae (Fig. 27), whereas it is unevenly serrate in ssp. sepulveda (Fig. 32). Type materials. Holotype. ♂, KAOHSIUNG Co [= KAOHSIUNG CITY]: Meinong, Shuangxi, 150m, 8. II. 2006, Coll. Y. F. Hsu (NHM). Paratypes. JILONG CITY: 1♀, Longgang Trail, 2. IX. 2006, Coll. Y. F. Hsu; 1♀, same locality, 26. IX. 2006 (Y. F. Hsu). TAIPEI Co. [= NEW TAIPEI CITY]: 1♂, Shiding, Ergeshan, 28. V. 2004, reared from Maesa japonica, emgd. 10. VIII. 2004, HSU 04 F53 (J. R. Chen & C. T. Chuang); 2♂, 1♀, Danshui, Miantianshan, 2. VIII. 1987 (Y. F. Hsu). TAOYUAN Co. [= TAOYUAN CITY]: 1♂, 1♀, Fuxing, Gaoyi, VIII. 1984 (C. L. Lee). YILAN Co.: 1♂, Datong, Qilan, 5. VIII. 1988 (C. F. Li). NANTOU Co.: 3♂, Yuchi, Lianhuachi, 22. V. 1989 (C. F. Li); 1♀, Puli, 15. VIII. 1989 (C. F. Li); 1♂, Yuchi, Lianhuachi, 700m, 8. X. 2002 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, Renai, Huisun, ca 700m, 14. XI. 2004 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♀, same locality, 22. X. 2005 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 16. X. 2010 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♀, Renai, Nanshanxi, ca 900m, 1. IX. 2007 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, 1♀, Renai, Wushe, 26. VII. 2016 (J. Y. Liang) (genitalia preparation JYL446, 447). HUALIAN Co.: 1♀, Xiulin, Lushui, 11. VIII. 1988 (C. F. Li). JIAYI Co.: 1♂, Fanlu, Chukou, ca 350m, 10. X. 2005 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♀, Fanlu, Chukou, 300m, 5. IX. 2010 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, 1♀, Alishan, Shizhuo/Dabang, 900/ 1000m, 25. IX. 2010 (Y. F. Hsu). TAINAN Co. [= TAINAN CITY]: 1♂, Guanziling, 400m, 17. IX. 2002 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, Baihe, Zhentoushan, 25. X. 2002 (Y. F. Hsu); 2♂, Xinhua, 24. IX. 2010 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, 1♀, same locality, 29. III. 2013 (Y. F. Hsu). KAOHSIUNG Co. [= KAOHSIUNG CITY]: 1♂, Liugui, 1. II. 1983 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, same locality, 26. III. 1989 (D. X. Lee); 1♂, same locality, 200m, 31. XII. 2006 (Y. F. Hsu); 5♂, Liugui, Nanfengshan, 17. VI. 1989 (Y. F. Hsu); 3♀, Meinong, Shuangxi, 150m, 8. II. 2006 (Y. F. Hsu), 2♂, same locality, 22. I. 2007 (Y. F. Hsu). PINGDONG Co.: 1♀, Wutai, Wutoushan, 9. IV. 1999 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, same locality, 1200m, 4. IV. 2002 (Y. F. Hsu, C. C. Lu & C. L. Huang); 1♀, Wutai, 400m, 8. II. 2006 (C. C. Lu); 1♂, 2♀, Wutai, Yichangshan, 1100/ 1400m, 15/ 16. III. 2009, reared from Ardisa crenata with Crematogaster laborisa, emgd. 9. IV/ 9. V. 2009, HSU 09 C26 (Y. F. Hsu & H. C. Huang); 2♂, Sandimen, 250m, 10. II. 2007 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, Fangliao, Yuquan, 26. II. 2006 (Y. F. Hsu); 1♂, same locality, 19. III. 2006 (Y. F. Hsu), 1♂, Chunri, Dahanshan, 20. I. 2011, reared from Psidium guajava, emgd. 17. IV. 2011, HSU 11 A14 (J. H. Lin); 2♂, same locality, 27. IV. 2011 (J. H. Lin). Paratypes deposited in NHM, NMNS, and NTNU. Bionomics. Female butterfly oviposits on foliage (twig or leaf) of hostplant (Fig. 43, 44) in the presence of associated ants. Larvae are phytophagous but tended by Crematogaster ants on regular basis (Lin 2011). The larvae devour leaves by scratching epidermis and mesophyll. Larvae conceal themselves gregariously in shelters construct- ed by tying dry leaves while not feeding (Figs. 45). Pupation is taken place within the larval shelters (Figs. 46). Hostplants. Plants oviposited by females or utilized by immatures in the wild included Maesa japonica (Primulaceae) (04F53, oviposition), Ardisia crenata (Primulaceae) (09C26, 09J46, larvae), A. cornudentata morrisonensis (Primulaceae) (09H10, oviposition; 10H20, larvae), A. cornudentata cornudentata (Primulaceae) (09K4, 10H27, 10J52, 11D33, larvae), Mallotus japonica (Euphorbiaceae) (10G26, larva) and Smilax odortissima (Smilaceae)(10J41, larvae). Myrmecophily. This butterfly is obligatorily associated with Crematogester amia (09C26, 09H10, 10G26, 10H20, 10J41) and C. popohana (09K4, 10H27, 10J52, 11D33) in the wild, but larvae may complete development without presence of ants in laboratory (Lin 2011). Etymology. The subspecific name lamuae refers to a comic character Lam (Lamu) created by a famous manga artist Rumiko Takahashi. The patterns of wing undersides recall the graphic design of the bikini Lam wears. Remarks. Seitz (1927) states that S. syama in Taiwan is diagnosable by having the ground color of wing undersides being white, but examined specimens and illustrations of literature all have yellow or creamy yellow ground color on wing undersides.Published as part of Hsu, Yu-Feng & Liang, Jia-Yuan, 2020, On systematic status of Spindasis syama Horsfield, [1829] in Taiwan and the Philippines (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Aphnaeini), pp. 485-500 in Zootaxa 4763 (4) on pages 491-494, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4763.4.2, http://zenodo.org/record/376205
Spiranthes hongkongensis S. Y. Hu & Baretto 1976
No full textSpiranthes hongkongensis S.Y. Hu & Baretto (1976: 2) — Fig. 3. Type:— HONG KONG: Tai Po, the garden of Gloria Barretto, 4 April 1975, S. Y. Hu 13658 (holotype: K000942682!; isotypes:A00104456, image!, CUHK). Synonym:— Spiranthes suishaensis auct. non (Hayata 1916: 86) Schlechter (1919: 161): Lin (2019: 284). Morphological descriptions and illustrations: —See Hu & Baretto (1976: 2; f. 2), Hsu & Chung (2014: 406; f.1; 2016: 186), Surveswaran et al. (2017: 125; f. 4), and Lin (2019: 265; f. 116; pl. 13), as Spiranthes suishaensis. Distribution and ecology: — Spiranthes hongkongensis is currently known in Hong Kong, Taiwan, China (Guangdong and Hainan Provinces), Japan, and Borneo. In Taiwan, this species is occasionally found on lowland hills around the Taipei Basin where it grows on very humid sunny grassland accompanied with some wetland plants such as Eriocaulon spp. and Utricularia spp. It was also found growing as a weed in some greenhouses in southern Taiwan, and these populations are presumed as unintentionally introduced along with horticultural plants. Flowers were observed from April to May. Additional specimens examined: — TAIWAN. New Taipei City: Chepingliao, 27 May 2009, T.-C. Hsu 2214 (TAIF!); same loc., 20 April 2014, T.-C. Hsu 7079 (TAIF!); same loc., 8 May 2015, T.-C. Hsu 7674 (TAIF!); same loc., 22 April 2017, J.-Z. Lin 1 (TAIF!). Pingtung Co.: Kaoshu, 26 April 2018, T.-C. Hsu 10536 (TAIF!). CHINA. Hainan Prov.: Mt. Diaoluo National Forest Park, 26 February 2012, T.-C. Hsu 5440 (TAIF!). HONG KONG: 20 April 1975, S. Y. Hu 13673 (KYO!). JAPAN. Okinawa Pref.: Ishigaki Island, Ishigaki City, in campis humidis litoris ad Nagura, 4 April 1937, Takamine s.n. (KPM-NA0304131!). Taxonomic remarks: — Spiranthes hongkongensis can be distinguished from the allogamous taxa such as S. australis and S. sinensis by its modified rostellum and stigma morphology associated with its autogamous breeding system. Spiranthes hongkongensis is most similar to S. nivea, another autogamous species with white flowers. However, it differs from S. nivea, in having papillate (vs. nearly glabrous) labellum disc, larger papillate (vs. smaller glabrous) basal labellum callosities, and densely glandular pubescent (vs. sparsely pubescent) rachis, ovaries, and sepals.Published as part of Suetsugu, Kenji & Hsu, Tian-Chuan, 2023, Taxonomic revision of the genus Spiranthes (Orchidaceae) in Taiwan, pp. 1-10 in Phytotaxa 578 (1) on page 5, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.578.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/751762
Up-regulation of Liver PPARα and its Target Genes mRNA Expression in High Fat Fed Rats and Mice Are Associated with Obesity and Hyperleptinemia. Brit.
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