406 research outputs found
Jouhikko: An Instrumental Evolution
No full textJouhikko: An Instrumental Evolution
Author: Rachel Bracker
Mentor: Dr. Timothy Smit, Department of History
The Jouhikko is a unique instrument from Finland that has been in use since around the twelfth century. The Jouhikko is a member of the bowed lyre instrumental family, and its origin is surrounded in mystery and uncertainty. However, references to the Jouhikko, and instruments which could be potentially related to it, can be found in the Finnish epic the Kalevala and in archaeological sites throughout the Scandinavian region. The first portion of this project investigates the evolution of the Jouhikko over time. This is done by examining the history of instruments with similar designs and/or construction, such as the Gusli and the Erhu, as well as looking into the evolution of the bow. The playing styles of instruments from the neighboring regions, such as of Novgorod Russia and the Asian Steppes, are also examined. The second portion of this thesis documents how I constructed my own replica of a Jouhikko and compares my construction method with the method used by a professional luthier. The final portion of this thesis will analyze different methods used to play the Jouhikko, and compares these methods to the playing styles of the Erhu, Gusli, and the Kantele
Relationships between structure and ligand dynamics: II. Alkyne and carbonyl dynamics in Os3(CO)9(alkyne)(L) (L = CO, PR3)
No full textPhyllostrephus parvus G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884
No full textPhyllostrephus parvus G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884c: 262. Now: Acrocephalus gracilirostris parvus (G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884). See White (1960); Mayr et al. (1986: 75). Holotype: ZMB 27398 (B 18651, Fischer no. 841), male, skin, former mount, collected at Murentat, 08.06.[18]83]. Type locality: “ Murentat (Naiwascha-See)” [Morendat, Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype. Remarks: In the original description, no type was chosen and no inventory numbers for specimens were provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Murentát (Naiwascha-See)” were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen (collector’s number 841) for this species with the same data as in the description, so is regarded as the holotype for this species. Fischer & Reichenow (1884c) and Fischer (1884) gave the collecting date for no. 841 as 07.06., but the label indicates 08.06.83. The holotype was collected in papyrus where the Morendat (now Malewa) River enters Lake Naivasha at 0°42’S, 36°25’E on 07 or 08 June 1883.Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A. & Bracker, Cordula, 2023, Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 5334 (1) on page 35, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/826135
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An investigation of polarized atomic photofragments using the ion imaging technique
No full textThis thesis describes measurement and analysis of the recoil angle dependence of atomic photofragment polarization (atomic v-J correlation). This property provides information on the electronic rearrangement which occurs during molecular photodissociation. Chapter 1 introduces concepts of photofragment vector correlations and reviews experimental and theoretical progress in this area. Chapter 2 described the photofragment ion imaging technique, which the author has used to study the atomic v-J correlation in chlorine and ozone dissociation. Chapter 3 outlines a method for isolating and describing the contribution to the image signal which is due exclusively to angular momentum alignment. Ion imaging results are presented and discussed in Chapter 4. Chapter 5 discusses a different set of experiments on the three-fragment dissociation of azomethane. 122 refs
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Solid-state photonic interfaces using semiconductor quantum dots
No full textNew technologies based on the properties of quantum mechanics promise
to revolutionise the way information is processed by outperforming what is
possible using classical devices. Examples include massively parallel processing
using quantum computers, verifiably secure communication using quantum
cryptography, and measurement with sensitivity beyond classical limitation
with quantum metrology. Realising the full potential of these technologies
necessitates the ability to communicate quantum information over large
distances, a key requirement for future quantum networks. However, developing
practical implementations of long-distance quantum communication
is challenging as it necessitates three major ingredients: light-matter interfaces,
elementary quantum operations, and quantum memories. This thesis
describes work that has been undertaken to address these requirements using
semiconductor nanotechnology.
We have first demonstrated that single InAs quantum dots embedded inside
conventional diode structures constitute high-fidelity controllable interfaces
between optical qubits and solid-state qubits. Indeed, the polarisation
state of a photon was transferred into the spin state of an electron-hole pair
and eventually restored through radiative recombination of the electron and
the hole with a fidelity up to 95%. Moreover, spins were manipulated using
subnanosecond modulation of a vertical electric field applied to the quantum
dots. By controlling this electrical modulation, we demonstrated elementary
phase-shift and spin-flip gate operations with near-unity fidelities.
An electron-hole pair confi ned in a single quantum dot has a short radiative
lifetime limiting therefore its use as an excitonic quantum memory.
The solution we proposed was to use a quantum dot molecule to control the
spatial separation of the electron and the hole and therefore prevent their
recombination. Comprehensive studies of electric field eff ects upon the photoluminescence
of quantum dot molecules lead to a clear understanding and
a good control over their physical properties. Single photons were stored in
individual quantum dot molecules up to 1μs and read out on a subnanosecond time scale. Moreover, the circular polarisation of individual photons was
transferred into the spin state of electron-hole pairs with a fidelity above
90%, which does not degrade for storage times up to the 12.5 ns repetition
period of the experiment.
Our work on single quantum dots could be extended in the near future to
allow for two-qubits quantum operations by con fining a second electron-hole
pair to be electrically manipulated. Storage of a superposition of spin states
in a quantum dot molecule should also be possible if the spin states are made
degenerate, which is feasible using the electric fi eld dependence of the energy
splitting between the spin states discussed in this thesis. We believe that
combining both approaches will lead to the development of a controllable
multi-qubit quantum memory for polarised light, a building block for long distance
quantum communication based on semiconductor nanotechnology
Linura fischeri Reichenow 1882
No full textLinura Fischeri Reichenow, 1882: 91. Now: Vidua fischeri (Reichenow, 1882). See Blake et al. (1968: 394). Syntype: ZMB 26639 (B 18056), skin, former mount, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82. Syntype: ZMB 26640 (B 18056, Fischer no. 563), skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82. Syntype: ZMB 2000.32617, skin, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82. Syntype: MHH 4054 (Fischer no. 564), mount, male, collected in “Usegua”, 02.[18]82, ex. coll. F. Heine. Type locality: “ Usegua (Ostafrika)” [Useguha country, Tanga Region, Tanzania], from the original description as well as locality of the syntypes. Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen, and there were no inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Usegua” were given. As only the male was described, females are not included in the type series (e.g. ZMB 26641). Therefore ZMB 26639, ZMB 26640, ZMB 2000.32617 and MHH 4054 (Quaisser & Nicolai 2006) (all collected for Fischer) are regarded as syntypes. Fischer (1885a) listed “Usegua” (“unweit Kipumbui”) and Matióm as localities, but Matióm is far from Useguha country, so the Matióm specimens have no type status. “Kipumbui” (Kipumbwi) however lies to the southwest of Pangani (05°38’S, 38°53’E) in what was known as Useguha country. The locality is close to the coast and would be surprising, as Vidua fischeri is typically a species of arid and semi-arid country. Therefore “unweit (close to) Kipumbui” could mean inland from Kipumbui.Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A. & Bracker, Cordula, 2023, Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 5334 (1) on page 54, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/826135
Panofsky - Warburg - Cassirer. From Iconology to Image Science
No full textNeither the art historians Panofsky and Warburg nor the philosopher Cassirer had any interest with their cultural-historical research in fact-based, historical questions. An approach that had become common in the 19th century due to the loss of validity of the speculative aesthetics. On the contrary, instead of this substantial understanding as the documentary concept represents, these researchers focused on a functional understanding of art historical sources. Nevertheless, in contrast to this starting point, Panofsky invented a methodological procedure, the so-called iconological method, which in turn led back to a documentary-focused historical analysis of artistic artefacts that is still recognized today. The goal is to rediscover the original background of Panofsky´s method. This should make it clear that the original idea of the image concept pursued by Warburg and Cassirer, which had been lost or obscured by the aftermath of National Socialism in Germany, can be made fruitful in a new light today. This path may open up iconology to “image science”/Bildwissenschaft and thus transform the former from a purely historical approach to an understanding relevant to cultural processes and thus to human action
Cotyle rufigula G. A. Fischer & Reichenow 1884
No full textCotyle rufigula G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884a: 53. Now: Ptyonoprogne rufigula rufigula (G.A. Fischer & Reichenow, 1884). Nec Cotyle fuligula (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1842); see Mayr & Greenway (1960: 104) and remarks below. Holotype: ZMH 6906 (Fischer no. 860), skin, former mount, male, collected at “Naiwascha (Massai)(1500–200 Meter Höhe)”, 12.06.[18]83. Type locality: “ Naiwascha (Massai) (1500–200 Meter Höhe)” [near Lake Naivasha (elevation 1500–2000m), Nakuru County, Kenya], from the original description as well as locality of the holotype. Remarks: In the original description no type was chosen nor were inventory numbers for specimens provided, but measurements for one specimen and the locality “Naiwascha See ” were given. Fischer (1884) listed one specimen (no. 860) for this species, so ZMH 6906 is the holotype. The specimen was also mentioned as the type in Bolau (1898). Fischer & Reichenow (1884a) clearly described the differences of the newly described species from Cotyle fuligula (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1842). The species was formerly placed in Hirundo and treated as H. fuligula fusciventris by White (1961: 62), (rufigula being preoccupied by Hirundo rufigula Bocage, 1878), but when placed in Ptyonoprogne the name rufigula is no longer preoccupied, and Ptyonoprogne fuligula rufigula is used by many authorities including Mayr & Greenway (1960) and Dickinson & Christidis (2014). Meanwhile del Hoyo & Collar (2016) split the African Rock Martin into two species: the tropical African P. rufigula (Red-throated Rock Martin) and the southern African P. fuligula (Large Rock Martin). It is impossible to say where at Naivasha the holotype was collected; as being a bird of cliffs and gorges it would have been unlikely to be found near the lake itself. It is far more likely that it would have been collected close to Hell’s Gate National Park (towards Mount Suswa) where it is locally abundant, also on 12 June 1883 Fischer was retreating from the Masai and was south of the lake at approximately 1°05’S, 36°21’E (see Fischer 1885b, c).Published as part of Frahnert, Sylke, Turner, Donald A. & Bracker, Cordula, 2023, Type specimens and type localities of birds (Aves) collected by Gustav Adolf Fischer (1848 - 1886) in East Africa, pp. 1-84 in Zootaxa 5334 (1) on page 36, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5334.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/826135
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