2,181 research outputs found
REACH-Nepal Catalyst - baseline to endline household-level water quality data
No full textNon-randomized pre/post evaluation of 5 piped water supplies in Western Nepal. This data file contains the water quality data collected from 120 households based on conducting a household survey and sampling of household storage containers. Organizations: Eawag, Helvetas-Nepal. Related publications: 1. Tosi Robinson, D., Schertenleib, A., Kunwar, B. M., Shrestha, R., Bhatta, M., & Marks, S. J. (2018). Assessing the impact of a risk-based intervention on piped water quality in rural communities: The case of mid-western Nepal. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(8), 1616. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph1508161
Livestock production and climate change CABI climate change series ;, 6./ edited by P.K. Malik, R. Bhatta, J. Takahashi, R.A. Kohn, C.S. Prasad.
No full textIncludes bibliographical references and index.In a changing climate, livestock production is expected to exhibit dual roles of mitigation and adaptation in order to meet the challenge of food security. This book approaches the issues of livestock production and climate change through three sections: I. Livestock production, II. Climate change and, III. Enteric methane amelioration. Section I addresses issues of feed quality and availability, abiotic stress (heat and nutritional) and strategies for alleviation, livestock generated nitrogen and phosphorus pollution, and approaches for harnessing the complex gut microbial diversity. Section.Overview / C.S. Prasad, P.K. Malik and R. Bhatta -- Feed Resources vis-à-vis Livestock and Fish Productivity in a Changing Climate / Michael Blümmel, Amare Haileslassie, Mario Herrero, Malcolm Beveridge, Michael Phillips and Petr Havlik -- Strategies for Alleviating Abiotic Stress in Livestock / V. Sejian, Iqbal Hyder, P.K. Malik, N.M. Soren, A. Mech, A. Mishra and J.P. Ravindra -- Nitrogen Emissions from Animal Agricultural Systems and Strategies to Protect the Environment / Richard A. Kohn -- Nutritional Strategies for Minimizing Phosphorus Pollution from the Livestock Industry / P.P. Ray and K.F. Knowlton -- Metagenomic Approaches in Harnessing Gut Microbial Diversity / A. Thulasi, Lyju Jose, M. Chandrasekharaiah, D. Rajendran and C.S. Prasad -- Proteomics in Studying the Molecular Mechanism of Fibre Degradation / N.K. Singh -- Perspective on Livestock-Generated GHGs and Climate / J. Takahashi -- Carbon Footprints of Food of Animal Origin / Gerhard Flachowsky -- Carbon Sequestration and Animal-Agriculture : Relevance and Strategies to Cope with Climate Change / C. Devendra -- Climate Change : Impacts on Livestock Diversity in Tropical Countries / S. Banik, P.K. Pankaj and S. Naskar -- Climate Change : Effects on Animal Reproduction / Jyotirmoy Ghosh, Sujoy K. Dhara and P.K. Malik -- Climate Change : Impact of Meat Production / Levi Mugalavai Musalia -- Indigenous Livestock Resources in a Changing Climate : Indian Perspective / S.P.S. Ahlawat, Pushpendra Kumar, Kush Shrivastava and N.R. Sahoo -- Enteric Methane Emission : Status, Mitigation and Future Challenges -- An Indian Perspective / Raghavendra Bhatta, P.K. Malik and C.S. Prasad -- Thermodynamic and Kinetic Control of Methane Emissions from Ruminants / Richard A. Kohn -- Ionophores : A Tool for Improving Ruminant Production and Reducing Environmental Impact / Natasha Bell, Tryon Wickersham, Vijay Sharma and Todd Callaway -- Residual Feed Intake and Breeding Approaches for Enteric Methane Mitigation / D.P. Berry, J. Lassen and Y. de Haas -- Acetogenesis as an Alternative to Methanogenesis in the Rumen / Emma J. Gagen, Stuart E. Denman and Christopher S. McSweeney -- Immunization and Tannins in Livestock Enteric Methane Amelioration / Yutaka Uyeno -- Phage Therapy in Livestock Methane Amelioration / Rosalind A. Gilbert, Diane Ouwerkerk and Athol V. Klieve -- Feed-based Approaches in Enteric Methane Amelioration / P.K. Malik, R. Bhatta, N.M. Soren, V. Sejian, A. Mech, K.S. Prasad and C.S. Prasad -- Methanotrophs in Enteric Methane Mitigation / N.M. Soren, P.K. Malik and V. Sejian -- Summary / P.K. Malik, R. Bhatta, M. Saravanan and L. Baruah.1 online resource (xi, 395 pages)
Mitochondrien: wie die Gene im Kraftwerk der Zelle aktiviert werden
No full textMitochondria contain an organellar genome that encodes for subunits of the respiratory chain. Its coordinated expression is essential for eukaryotic life and defects in this process lead to severe disease. How- ever, the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial gene expression remain poorly understood. Recent structural and functional studies have provided the first mechanistic insights into mitochondrial gene expression and highlight the evolutionarily unique nature of this system
Structural and mechanistic basis of RNA processing by protein-only ribonuclease P enzymes
No full textRibonuclease P (RNase P) enzymes are responsible for the 5′ processing of tRNA precursors. In addition to the well-characterised ribozyme-based RNase P enzymes, an evolutionarily distinct group of protein-only RNase Ps exists. These proteinaceous RNase Ps (PRORPs) can be found in all three domains of life and can be divided into two structurally different types: eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Recent structural studies on members of both families reveal a surprising diversity of molecular architectures, but also highlight conceptual and mechanistic similarities. Here, we provide a comparison between the different types of PRORP enzymes and review how the combination of structural, biochemical, and biophysical studies has led to a molecular picture of protein-mediated tRNA processing
Sexual health knowledge and risky sexual behaviour of Nepalese trekking guides
No full textTourism, a global industry, brings with it a number of public health problems, one of which is the spread of sexually transmitted infections transmitted between travelers and hosts. Previous studies have largely focused on sex workers and sex tourists. This study assesses sexual behavior, knowledge and condom use among male trekking guides in Nepal. A self-administered questionnaire survey (n=324) was conducted using snowball sampling amongst men working as mountain trekking guides in Nepal. Most respondents (59%) had initiated sex before the age of 18. Most (84 %) reported sexual relations with a woman other than their partner, 46% reported foreign partners, 43% had Nepalese partners, and 28% had concurrent foreign and Nepalese partners. Most (70 %) reported ever having sex with a foreign woman and two-thirds had had sexual intercourse with foreign women in the previous 12 months. Participants age, education status, age of first sex, smoking and drinking habits and English proficiency were significant predictors of having sex with foreign women. About 60% reported condom use during their most recent occasion of extra-marital sex. A similar proportion had used a condom during last sexual intercourse with a foreign woman. The likelihood of condom use was associated with a guides age, educational level, ethnicity, age of first sex and work experience. Most trekking guides reported sexual relations with foreign women as well as irregular use of condoms. Although sexual health knowledge about among trekking guides is high, some misconceptions still result in unsafe sex. Hence there is an urgent need to revise the existing training for trekking guides and implement appropriate health promotion programmes
Older people's perspectives on an elderly-friendly hospital environment: an exploratory study
No full textSushmita Karki,1 Dharma Nand Bhatta,1,2 Umesh Raj Aryal3 1Department of Public Health, Nobel College, Pokhara University, Kathmandu, Nepal; 2Faculty of Medicine, Epidemiology Unit, Prince of Songkla University, Songkhla, Thailand; 3Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal Background: Many older people are vulnerable with multiple health problems and need of extensive care and support for quality of life. The main objective of this study was to explore the older people's perspectives on an "elderly-friendly" hospital. Methods: Hospital was stratified by four domains including government, semi-government, community, and private. We interviewed 33 hospitalized older patients and four hospital managers between June and December 2014 in Kathmandu, Nepal, using purposive sampling technique. We executed a qualitative content analysis step with extensive review of the interviews. Final name of the theme was given after the agreement between the research team and experts to improve trustworthiness. Elderly-friendly services, expectation from government and hospital, and health policy related to senior citizen were developed as main themes. Results: Most of the participants were satisfied with the behavior of health personnel. However, none of the health personnel were trained with geriatric health care. Elderly-friendly hospital guidelines and policy were not developed by any hospitals. Older people health card, advocacy for older people's health and benefit, and hospital environment were the common expectations of older patients. Government policy and budget constraint were the main obstacles to promote elderly-friendly health care services. Conclusion: Elderly-related health policies, physical environments of hospital, elderly-friendly health manpower, advocacy, and other facilities and benefits should be improved and developed. There are urgent needs to develop elderly-friendly hospital policies and guidelines that focus on older people's health benefits and friendly services. Keywords: elderly-friendly hospital, older, policy, advocacy, hospital environmen
Structural basis of RNA processing by human mitochondrial RNase P
No full textHuman mitochondrial transcripts contain messenger and ribosomal RNAs flanked by transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which are excised by mitochondrial RNase (mtRNase) P and Z to liberate all RNA species. In contrast to nuclear or bacterial RNase P, mtRNase P is not a ribozyme but comprises three protein subunits that carry out RNA cleavage and methylation by unknown mechanisms. Here, we present the cryo-EM structure of human mtRNase P bound to precursor tRNA, which reveals a unique mechanism of substrate recognition and processing. Subunits TRMT10C and SDR5C1 form a subcomplex that binds conserved mitochondrial tRNA elements, including the anticodon loop, and positions the tRNA for methylation. The endonuclease PRORP is recruited and activated through interactions with its PPR and nuclease domains to ensure precise pre-tRNA cleavage. The structure provides the molecular basis for the first step of RNA processing in human mitochondria
Ecofeminism in the 21st Century
No full textThis paper considers the influence of ecofeminism on policy concerning gender (in)equality and the environment during the past 20 years. It reviews the broad contours of the ecofeminist debate before focusing on the social construction interpretation of women's relationship with the environment. It will argue that there have been substantial policy shifts in Europe and the UK in both the environmental and equalities fields, and that this is in part a result of lobbying at a range of scales by groups informed by ecofeminist debates. Nevertheless, the paper cautions that these shifts are largely incremental and operate within existing structures, which inevitably limit their capacity to create change. As policy addresses some of the concerns highlighted by ecofeminism, academic discourse and grass roots activity have been moving on to address other issues, and the paper concludes with a brief consideration of contemporary trajectories of ecofeminism and campaigning on issues that link women's, feminist and environment concerns
Water allocation policies in coastal Karnataka: an analysis of Nethravathy River Basin
No full textThe paper to looks at the water allocation policy follow in coastal Karnataka. The state water policy accords top priority to drinking water followed by irrigation, power generation through hydroelectric projects, agro industries, industries and transport. However, there is a mismatch in the policy and its implementation. The analysis of the information and data shows that there are negative social and ecological impacts on the livelihood of the farmers and fisher folk because of poor implementation of these policies. Karnataka Agricultural Policy - 2006 is focused on doubling the agricultural production in the next decade with the aim of achieving a 4.5% growth rate for the agriculture sector and a subsequent increase in the net income of the farmer. Simultaneously, the Karnataka government is planning to set up a PCPIL (petroleum, chemicals and petrochemical investment region) in Dakshin Kanadda (DK) and set up MSEZ near Mangalore as a precursor to the PCPIL project. The area selected for setting up the petrochemical zone comprise villages which are currently involved in agriculture, horticulture and fisheries. The establishment of PCPIL and MSEZ are likely to increase the pressure on the Nethrawathy and Gurupur river basins and cause serious degradation of the marine ecology of the region adversely affecting fist yields. The proposed project is similar to the Reliance petrochemicals project in Jamnagar, Gujarat, which has had serious implications for the welfare of the villages displaced and the ecology. The paper tries to analyses and point out ways in which DK and Mangalore region are likely to be affected because of the proposed petrochemical development. The state has pursued and implemented the water policy contrary to the suggestions from expert recommendations. This is likely to lead to negative impacts on the livelihood of the local communities.Length: pp.558-568River basinsWater pollutionIndustrializationCoastal areaWater allocationWater policyFisheriesSocial impactEconomic impact
Svatah pramanya in Gaudiya Vaishnava Vedanta: Jiva Gosvami and Kumarila Bhatta
No full textUtemeljevanje veljavnosti spoznave je ključna prvina vsakršnega epistemološkega udejstvovanja. Magistrsko delo sestoji iz hermenevtične analize, ki vzame pod drobnogled uporabo vplivne ideje svatah pramanje oziroma intrinzične veljavnosti vseh kognicij, ki jo je razvil Kumarila Bhatta, v gaudijski vajšnavski vedanti Dživa Gosvamija. V ospredju je proučevanje prizadevanja za uveljavitev Šrimad Bhagavatama kot prvenstvene oblike verbalne kognicije, ki naj bi zaradi svojega statusa apaurušeje oziroma brez avtorstva upravičila neposredno izkustvo transcendentalnih ontoloških stanj. Delo uvodoma začrta širše ozadje razvoja indijske epistemologije in razčlenitve njenih osnovnih konceptov ter nadaljuje s podrobnejšo predstavitvijo temeljnih elementov miselnih tradicij, ki jima pripadata omenjena avtorja. Sledi podrobna razlaga ideje intrinzične veljavnosti, kot je ta definirana v Kumarilovi Šlokavarttiki, pri čemer so navedeni tako razlogi za njeno formulacijo, kakor tudi ovire, ki jih je Kumarila moral premostiti. Zatem je ovrednoteno Dživovo razumevanje in uporaba Kumarilovega epistemološkega aduta. Nazorno so prikazani koraki, ki jih Dživa napravi z namenom približanja nove vajšnavske sampradaje k vedantskemu diskurzu, obenem pa je izpostavljena tudi motivacija zaslužna za ta epistemološki projekt. Analiza se sklene s pojasnitvijo vloge ključnih elementov razprave – intrinzične veljavnosti, neposrednega izkustva in verbalne kognicije – v oziru na življenje Čajtanje Mahaprabhuja, začetnika gaudijskega vajšnavizma.Justification of validity of cognition is the key element of any epistemological inquiry. Thesis through hermeneutical analysis deals with the application of renowned idea of intrinsic validity of all cognitions authored by Kumarila Bhatta in Gaudiya Vaishnava Vedanta of Jiva Gosvami. In the forefront is the study of effort made for promoting Srimad Bhagavatam as the triumphant verbal cognition, which should due to its apaurusheya or non-authorship status validate direct experience of transcendental ontological categories. Thesis begins with description of general Indian epistemological background and its main elements and proceeds with laying out fundamental aspects of both authors’ respective traditions. What follows is a presentation of intrinsic validity as it is defined in Kumarila’s Slokavarttika, together with reasons responsible for its formulation as well as obstacles needed to be overcome. Next chapter features an evaluation of Jiva’s interpretation and application of Kumarila’s prime epistemological idea. Each of his steps made in hope to bring a new Vaishnava sampradaya closer to Vedantic discourse are explicitly shown. At the same time the motivation, which was the driving force of epistemological project at hand is disclosed. Analysis concludes with an explanation of key elements of discussion – intrinsic validity, direct experience and verbal cognition – in regards to the life of Chaitanya Mahaprabhu, the founder of Gaudiya Vaishnavism
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