202 research outputs found
Windebank, N S (Norman Stanley), VX17033
No full textThis record was harvested from a previous catalogue system and will be withdrawn in 2025. Information in this record may be superseded or incomplete. Visit this record in UMA's new catalogue at: https://archives.library.unimelb.edu.au/nodes/view/426687Surname: WINDEBANK. Given Name(s) or Initials: N S (NORMAN STANLEY). Military Service Number or Last Known Location: VX17033. Missing, Wounded and Prisoner of War Enquiry Card Index Number: 42671.254270
Item: [2016.0049.58948] "Windebank, N S (Norman Stanley), VX17033
Sir Francis Windebank and the personal rule of Charles I
No full textThe study opens with a survey of the rise and fall of the Windebank family over five generations, in relation to office-holding and property ownership. An examination of the circumstances leading up to Windebank's appointment as Secretary of State in 1632 is followed by an indication of his profits of office, which shows that he was neither corrupt nor grasping, and suggests reasons for the relatively low yield of the Secretaryship in the 1630's. His work on committees and commissions illustrates the scope and burden of Secretarial duties, and reveals deep ministerial rifts. Windebank conducted the King's most confidential foreign negotiations,particularly with Habsburg states. The traditional view of the central position occupied by the Palatinate in Caroline foreign policy is contested, and Flanders appears as a more significant determinant of English action. Windebank showed a sustained concern for English naval and commercial interests, and tried to maintain the European balance threatened by growing Franco-Dutch power. His advocacy of negotiation with Spain was rooted in these considerations, and was so tempered by scepticism as to render misleading the pro-Spanish label usually attached to him. His dealings with foreign ambassadors illustrate royal oscillations between Habsburg and Bourbon alliances, but also reveal Windebank's continuing and informed conviction of French Insincerity.His initiative in seeking better relations with Rome was founded in humanitarianism and an enlightened wish for compromise. The response to his efforts in 1638-40 at mobilising sufficient resources to re-establish royal authority in Scotland revealed widespread lack of co-operation at all social levels. His policies provoked many,of the grievances enunciated in 1640, and his flight marks the first stage of the Long Parliament's search for ministerial accountability.</p
Insulin-like growth factor-II as a paracrine growth factor in human neuroblastoma cells
No full textThe human neuroblastoma line, SK-N-SH, has been subcloned into SH-SY5Y, a neuroblast N cell line, and SH-EP, an epithelial Schwann S cell line. We have previously shown that SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells produce insulin-like growth factor II (IGF-II), which acts by an autocrine mechanism to stimulate cell growth. In the current study, we examined the effect of IGF-II on SH-EP neuroblastoma cells. Northern blot and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analyses indicate that SH-EP cells do not produce IGF-I or IGF-II but express the type I and type II IGF receptors (IGF-IR and IGF-IIR). Cell surface expression of IGF-IR, assessed by fluorescence-activated sorting, was lower in SH-EP cells than in SH-SY5Y cells. Immunoprecipitation of IGF-IR, followed by anti-phosphotyrosine or anti-IGF-IR immunoblotting, demonstrated functional expression of these receptors in both cell types and confirmed the lower level of IGF-IR expression in SH-EP cells. IGF-II promoted SH-EP cell growth in the presence of low concentrations of calf serum (0.1-0.3%) or 10 ng/ml epidermal growth factor (EGF). IGF-II stimulation of SH-EP growth was eliminated by the IGF-IR blocking antibody (alpha IR-3) but not by an IGF-IIR blocking antibody. Stimulation of cell growth via this receptor was also indicated by the ligand specificity for IGF analogs and insulin (IGF-II approximately IGF-I approximately des(1-3)IGF-I > insulin). These results indicate that in the presence of a permissive factor such as calf serum or EGF, IGF-II stimulates SH-EP cell growth via the IGF-IR. Collectively, these data suggest that within primary neuroblastomas, IGF-II may act as a paracrine factor to contribute to the promotion of S cell growth
Autocrine regulation of neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells by nerve growth factor
No full textThe PC12 cell line may be used as a model of NGF-induced neuronal differentiation. Exposure to NGF is accompanied by extension of neurites, cessation of growth and differentiation into cells resembling sympathetic neurons. In this study neurite outgrowth from PC12 cells was induced in serum-free, NGF-free medium conditions. Neurite outgrowth in serum-free conditions was abolished by exposure to anti-NGF antisera. Reverse transcription combined with polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and in situ hybridization of PC12 cells in serum-free medium conditions revealed NGF transcripts. Western blot analysis of these cells revealed tyrosine phosphorylation of the high affinity NGF receptor (TrkA/gp140) and activation of a downstream signal cascade element, ERK-1/MAP kinase. NGF was also detected by a specific enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay (ELISA) revealing picogram levels of protein in conditioned medium and cell lysates. Survival of embryonic rat dorsal root ganglion neurons was maintained in cultures grown in this serum-free conditioned medium. This demonstrated that NGF may act as an autocrine or paracrine growth factor for PC12 cell differentiation
Exclusion of the ninjurin gene as a candidate for hereditary sensory neuropathies type I and type II
No full text
Starting an adolescent cancer unit: Why does it take so long?
No full textA pragmatic approach is discussed based on the authors\u27 differing experiences while designing new units specifically for adolescents with cancer in Leeds and Newcastle upon Tyne. Planning and implementation are complex and very time consuming. Areas to be considered include: formally identifying needs and adapting to existing local circumstances, convening a working group and involving potential stake-holders at an early stage, designing a suitable physical space, recruiting and integrating staff to create a supportive environment, obtaining financial support, and developing operational policies. For successful running of an adolescent unit, old prejudices must be disavowed and new models of medical care considered. (C) 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Neurotrophic Factor–Expressing Mesenchymal Stem Cells Survive Transplantation into the Contused Spinal Cord Without Differentiating into Neural Cells
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of transplanting mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), genetically modified to express glial-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), to the contused rat spinal cord, and to subsequently assess their neural differentiation potential. MSCs expressing green fluorescent protein were transduced with a retroviral vector to express the neurotrophin GDNF. The transduction protocol was optimized by using green fluorescent protein-expressing retroviral constructs; approximately 90% of MSCs were transduced successfully after G418 selection. GDNF-transduced MSCs expressed the transgene and secreted growth factor into the media (similar to 12 ng/500,000 cells secreted into the supernatant 2 weeks after transduction). Injuries were established using an impactor device, which applied a given, reproducible force to the exposed spinal cord. GDNF-expressing MSCs were transplanted rostral and caudal to the site of injury. Spinal cord sections were analyzed 2 and 6 weeks after transplantation. We demonstrate that GDNF-transduced MSCs engraft, survive, and express the therapeutic gene up to 6 weeks posttransplantation, while maintaining an undifferentiated phenotype. In conclusion, transplanted MSCs have limited capacity for the replacement of neural cells lost as a result of a spinal cord trauma. However, they provide excellent opportunities for local delivery of neurotrophic factors into the injured tissue. This study underlines the therapeutic benefits associated with cell transplantation and provides a good example of the use of MSCs for gene delivery
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