120 research outputs found
Sensory cutaneous nerve fine-needle aspiration in Hansen′s disease: A retrospective analysis of our experience
No full textBackground: Leprosy affects peripheral nerves. As Mycobacterium leprae has unique tropism for Schwann cells, thickened sensory cutaneous nerves provide an easy target for the detection of lepra bacilli and other changes associated with the disease.
Materials and Methods: The data of patients with sensory cutaneous nerve involvement were retrieved from our record for the period January 2006 to December 2014. The hematoxylin and eosin (H and E)- and May-Grünwald-Giemsa (MGG)-stained slides were screened for Schwann cells, granuloma, and necrosis. Modified Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN)-stained smears were searched for lepra bacilli and globi. Morphological index was calculated in multibacillary lesions.
Result: Twenty-nine sensory cutaneous nerves were aspirated in 23 patients. While 15 cases showed skin and nerve involvement, 8 cases showed only nerve involvement. Terminal cutaneous branch of the radial nerve was most often aspirated. No motor loss was observed after aspiration. Five cytologic pictures were seen - Epithelioid cell granuloma only in 6 cases, epithelioid cell granuloma with necrosis in 1 case, epithelioid cell granuloma with lepra bacilli in 3 cases, necrosis with lepra bacilli in 1 case, and only lepra bacilli in 12 cases. Morphological index ranged from 20% to 80%.
Conclusion: Sensory cutaneous nerve fine-needle aspiration (FNA) is a feasible, viable, effective, and safe procedure. It adds to diagnostic FNA yield in patients with concomitant skin involvement and offers a way to evaluate patients with only nerve involvement. Calculation of morphological index allows prognostication and may have a role in assessing response to therapy and/or relapse
Literature map of femoral knee cartilage segmentation.
No full textThe visualization shows name of first author, year of publication, affiliation of last author, and segmentation method for 29 relevant publications on femoral knee cartilage segmentation from 1997 to 2018. Publications by segmentation method and in alphabetical order are: Active contours: Amberg(2010) [39], Carballido-Gamio(2008) [40], Solloway(1997) [41], Vincent(2011) [42], Williams(2010) [43]; Atlas-based: Pedoia(2015) [44], Shan(2014) [32], Tamez-Pena(2012) [45]; Deep-learning: Liu(2018) [46], Norman(2018) [47], Prasoon(2013a) [48], Zhou(2018) [49]; Graph-based: Bae(2009) [50], Ozturk(2016) [51], Shim(2009) [52], WangP(2016) [53], Yin(2010) [54]; Hybrid: Ambellan(2018) [55], Dam(2015) [56], LeeJG(2014) [57], LeeS(2011) [58], Seim(2010) [59], WangQ(2013) [31], WangZ(2013) [60]; Machine learning: Folkesson(2007) [61], Liu(2015) [62], Pang(2015) [63], Prasoon(2013) [64], Zhang(2013) [65]. This graph and graphs in Figs 4 and 5 were made in Jupyter notebook using ggplot2 [66], an R package based on the grammar of graphics [67]. (See data, code, executable environment).</p
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Towards evidence based emergency medicine: best BETs from the Manchester Royal Infirmary. Epinephrine in digital nerve block
No full textA short cut review was carried out to establish whether epinephrine (adrenaline) is safe to use in digital nerve blocks. A total of 16 papers were found using the reported search, of which seven represented the best evidence to answer the clinical question. The author, date and country of publication, patient group studied, study type, relevant outcomes, results, and study weaknesses of these best papers are presented in table 2. The clinical bottom line is that epinephrine (1:200 000 to 1:100 000) is safe to use in digital blocks
Rozluštění regulace a evoluce RNA sestřihu s využitím lidských dlouhých nekódujících RNA a pre-mRNA z diplonemid
Get PDFSestřih RNA je základním procesem při expresi eukaryotických genů, při němž se spojují funkční sekvence RNA (exony) přerušené nekódujícími oblastmi (introny) a vznikají maturované molekuly RNA. Tento process je řízen dynamickým makromolekulárním komplexem, nazývaný spliceosomem. Ve své diplomové práci se zabývám dvěma málo prozkoumanými oblastmi sestřihu RNA: základnímy molekulárními procesy nižší účinosti sestřihu dlouhých nekódujících RNA (lncRNA) a rozmanitostí intronů u diplonemidních druhů. LncRNA procházejí podobnými maturačními kroky jako pre-mRNA kódující proteiny (PCG), přesto jsou často sestřihávány méně efektivně. Pomocí dat ENCODE RNA-seq jsme potvrdili, že lincRNA vykazují nižší sestřihové indexy napříč několika lidskými buněčnými liniemi. Naše celogenomové analýzy dále odhalily, že účinnost sestřihu lncRNA pozitivně koreluje se silou 5' sestřihového místa (5'ss), což u PCGs nebylo pozorováno. Kromě toho efektivně sestřihané lncRNA vykazují vyšší obsah thymidinu ve svých polypyrimidinových traktech (PPT) ve srovnání s PCG. Exony lncRNA také obsahují méně předpokládaných vazebných míst pro splicingové regulační proteiny (SR), které jsou velmi podstatné pro účinné nasedání spliceosomu. Pomocí iCLIP pro SRSF2, SRSF5 a SRSF6 a analýzou dat eCLIP pro SRSF1, SRSF7 a SRSF9 jsme prokázali, že...RNA splicing is a fundamental process in eukaryotic gene expression, where functional RNA sequences (exons) interrupted by non-coding regions (introns) are joined to produce mature RNA molecules. This process is mediated by the spliceosome, a dynamic macromolecular complex. My thesis investigates two underexplored areas of RNA splicing: the molecular basis for the lower splicing efficiency of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and the diversity of introns in diplonemid species. LncRNAs undergo similar maturation steps as protein-coding pre-mRNAs (PCGs), yet they are often spliced less efficiently. Using ENCODE RNA-seq data, we confirmed that lincRNAs exhibit lower splicing indices across multiple human cell lines. Further, our genome-wide analyses revealed that lncRNA splicing efficiency positively correlates with the strength of the 5' splice site (5'ss), a pattern not observed in PCGs. Additionally, efficiently spliced lncRNAs exhibit a higher thymidine content in their polypyrimidine tracts (PPTs) compared to PCGs. LncRNA exons also harbor fewer predicted binding sites for splicing regulatory (SR) proteins, which are critical for efficient spliceosome recruitment. Using iCLIP for SRSF2, SRSF5, and SRSF6, and analyzing eCLIP data for SRSF1, SRSF7, and SRSF9, we demonstrated that SR protein binding to...Department of Cell BiologyKatedra buněčné biologieFaculty of SciencePřírodovědecká fakult
Aesop's Fables
No full textThis paperback book has an unusual shape: about 4¼ wide by 8½ high. The cover features a dramatic picture of BW. Inside are forty fables, as the beginning T of C shows. Up to 74, the fables are two-pages in length. Several three-page fables begin on 74 with An Election Meeting. This fable is new to me. The birds want to elect a king; the birds of prey do not agree. In fact, they swoop down on the election and devour the would-be electors. Since then there is no movement to elect a king of birds. Each fable receives a line-drawing. A small detail-element of the illustration is presented or developed as a tailpiece. New to me among these traditional fables is Courage on 36. City dogs repel invading country dogs until one of the latter stands firm; soon enough the city dogs give in and flee, and the country dogs can invade the city. In Self-exaltation (44), the ass attacks the wolves without the lion as he had with the lion; this time the wolves tear him apart. The Source of Wisdom (48) does the sharing of booty differently from most versions. Here the wolf, fox, and lion catch a stag, a lamb, and a hare. The wolf, asked to divide them up, assigns the stag to the lion, the lamb to himself, and the hare to the fox. The lion, angry, kills him. The fox then assigns the stag to the lion as breakfast, the lamb to the lion for lunch, and the hare to the lion for dinner. Where did you get that wisdom? The source of my wisdom is that dead wolf! Destructive Greed (56) tells of a landlord who likes a tree's fruit so much that he wants it dug up and transplanted in his own yard. Plenty of people advise him not to do it. He does it anyway, and the tree dies. Theft and Watchman (58) takes an unusual approach to the old fable of the blind and lame. Here the two team up to steal fruit when they are supposed to be watchmen! Adjust with Time (77) presents a king who can laugh over the adjustment he has to make. Earlier, it took several camels to carry his kitchen. Now one dog, which cannot shake off the pot into which he put his head, carries his whole kitchen. A small colored illustration of this fable is on the back cover. MM on 90 features a young woman carrying eggs rather than milk.S. K. Prasoo
FlexPRET Real-Time Processor in Heterogenous System
Get PDFSystémy se smíšenou kritičností, ve kterých jsou kombinovány úlohy s různou úrovní požadavků na bezpečnost mohou využívat sdílený hardware, aby snížili cenu systému, to však komplikuje návrh systému a jeho verifikaci. Přesně-časované (PRET) automaty se zaměřují na časové chování stejně jako na funkcionalitu, aby dosáhly předvídatelnosti, čímž řeší problémy systémů se smíšenou kritičností. Tato práce se zabývá studiem architektury a syntézou jednoho přesně časovaného automatu, FlexPRET: vícevláknový RISC-V procesor s instrukční granularitou. FlexPRET je navržen v jazyce Chisel pro popis hardwaru, ze kterého lze vygenerovat popis v C++ a verilog. Procesor byl syntetizován pro FPGA a otestován benchmarky na taktově přesném simulátoru.Mixed-criticality systems, where tasks with different levels of safety criticality are integrated on a single hardware platform to share resources and reduce costs: complicate design and verification. Precision-timed (PRET) machines treat temporal behavior the same way as functionality to achieve good predictability and, this way, attempt to solve mixed-criticality issues. This thesis aims to study the architectural techniques, generation, and synthesis of one such PRET machine, called FlexPRET: a fine-grained multithreaded RISC-V-based processor. FlexPRET was designed using Chisel, a hardware construction language that generates both C++ and Verilog code. We have deployed FlexPRET on an FPGA and also attempted to evaluate benchmarks using the cycle-accurate emulator
A problem that is easier to solve on the unit-cost algebraic RAM
No full textAbstractProblem 5.1 in (L. Blum, M. Shub, and S. Smale, 1989, Bull. Amer. Math. Soc. 21(1), 1–46) asks if there is a decision problem that cannot be solved in polynomial time by a Turing machine, but can be solved in polynomial time on a unit-cost algebraic RAM with operations {+,-,∗,/,<}, and without the integer division operation. We present a problem that is not known to be solvable in polynomial time on a Turing machine, but can be solved in polynomial time on a unit-cost algebraic RAM. This is strong evidence for an affirmative answer to Problem 5.1
Aerosol Sci Technol
Get PDFA new approach has been developed for making near-real-time measurement of elemental composition of aerosols using plasma spectroscopy. The method allows preconcentration of miniscule particle mass (pg to ng) directly from the sampled aerosol stream through electrostatic deposition of charged particles (30-900 nm) onto a flat-tip microneedle electrode. The collected material is subsequently ablated from the electrode and monitored by laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy. Atomic emission spectra were collected using a broadband spectrometer with a wavelength range of 200-980 nm. A single-sensor delay time of 1.3 |s was used in the spectrometer for all elements to allow simultaneous measurement of multiple elements. The system was calibrated for various elements including Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Na, and Ti. The absolute mass detection limits for these elements were experimentally determined and found to be in the range of 0.018-5 ng. The electrostatic collection technique has many advantages over other substrate-based methods involving aerosol collection on a filter or its focused deposition using an aerodynamic lens. Because the particle mass is collected over a very small area that is smaller than the spatial extent of the laser-induced plasma, the entire mass is available for analysis. This considerably improves reliability of the calibration and enhances measurement accuracy and precision. Further, the aerosol collection technique involves very low pressure drop, thereby allowing higher sample flow rates with much smaller pumps-a desirable feature for portable instrumentation. Higher flow rates also make it feasible to measure trace element concentrations at part per trillion levels. Detection limits in the range of 18-670 ng m| can be achieved for most of the elements studied at a flow rate of 1.5 L min| with sampling times of 5 min.CC999999/Intramural CDC HHSUnited States
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