5,036 research outputs found
Patterning of Ag Electrode by X-Ray Lithographic Process for ITO-less Plasma Display Panel
No full textYeast metabolism in fresh and frozen dough : a thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Food Technology at Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
No full textAuthor also known as SM LovedayFresh bakery products have a very short shelf life, which limits the extent to which manufacturing can be centralised. Frozen doughs are relatively stable and can be manufactured in large volumes, distributed and baked on-demand at the point of sale or consumption. With appropriate formulation and processing a shelf life of several months can be achieved.Shelf life is limited by a decline in proofing rate after thawing, which is attributed to a) the dough losing its ability to retain gas and b) insufficient gas production, i.e. yeast activity. The loss of shelf life is accelerated by delays between mixing and freezing, which allow yeast cells the chance to ferment carbohydrates.This work examined the reasons for insufficient gas production after thawing frozen dough and the effect of pre-freezing fermentation on shelf life. Literature data on yeast metabolite dynamics in fermenting dough were incomplete. In particular there were few data on the accumulation of ethanol, a major fermentation end product which can be injurious to yeast.Doughs were prepared in a domestic breadmaker using compressed yeast from a local manufacturer and analysed for glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose and ethanol. Gas production after thawing declined within 48 hours of frozen storage. This was accelerated by 30 or 90 minutes of fermentation at 30;C prior to freezing.Sucrose was rapidly hydrolysed and yeast consumed glucose in preference to fructose. Maltose was not consumed while other sugars remained. Ethanol, accumulated from consumption of glucose and fructose, was produced in approximately equal amounts to CO2, indicating that yeast cells metabolised reductively.Glucose uptake in fermenting dough followed simple hyperbolic kinetics and fructose uptake was competitively inhibited by glucose. Mathematical modelling indicated that diffusion of sugars and ethanol in dough occurred quickly enough to eliminate solute gradients brought about by yeast metabolism
A small compound that inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha production
No full textLipopolysaccharide (LPS) is critically involved in the inflammatory responses via generation of several pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is one of the major pro-inflammatory cytokines which is induced by LPS treatment, the development of molecules capable of modulating LPS-induced TNF-alpha production is an issue of concern. We identified a novel synthetic compound that inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). The active compound SM-7409 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in a concentration-dependent manner, showing maximal activity at 5 mu M. SM-7409 inhibited LPS-induced TNF-alpha mRNA transcript accumulation and protein expression. We also found that SM-7409 strongly inhibits LPS-induced extracellular signal-regulated protein kinase activity in PBMCs. Moreover, we found that SM-7409 strongly inhibits the LPS-induced other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1 beta and IL-8 in PBMCs. SM-7409 also dramatically inhibits the LPS-induced TNF-alpha production in neutrophils. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SM-7409 is a synthetic compound that inhibits LPS-induced TNF-alpha production, and thus SM-7409 should be useful for the development of chemotherapies targeting LPS-mediated inflammatory responses. (c) 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.X111sciescopu
A small compound that inhibits tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 upregulation
No full textMatrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) is critically involved in the tumor invasion and metastasis processes. Since TNF-alpha plays a crucial role in the regulation of MMP-9 expression, the development of molecules capable of modulating TNF-alpha-induced signaling is an issue of concern. We identified a novel synthetic compound that inhibits TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 upregulation in the HT1080 human fibrosarcoma, cell line. The active compound SM-7368 inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 upregulation in a concentration-dependent manner and showed maximal activity at 10 mu M. SM-7368 inhibited TNF-alpha-induced MMP-9 mRNA transcript accumulation and protein expression. We also found that SM-7368 strongly inhibits TNIF-alpha-induced NF-kappa B activity but not AP-1 activity. Moreover, we found that SM-7368 strongly inhibits the TNF-alpha-induced invasion of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cell line. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SM-7368 is a synthetic compound that inhibits TNIF-a-induced MMP-9 expression, and thus SM-7368 should be useful for the development of chemotherapies targeting TNF-alpha-mediated,tumor invasion and metastasis. (c) 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.X1113sciescopu
Converting SrI <sub>2</sub> :Eu <sup>2+</sup> into a near infrared scintillator by Sm <sup>2+</sup> co-doping
No full text The luminescence and scintillation properties of SrI 2 single crystals doped with 5% Eu 2+ and 0.05%, 0.2% and 0.5% Sm 2+ are evaluated. X-ray excited and photoluminescence measurements show energy transfer from excited Eu 2+ ions to Sm 2+ ions. At a concentration of 0.5% Sm 2+ , the luminescence consists almost entirely of 740 nm emission from Sm 2+ 5d-4f transitions. Co-doping SrI 2 :5% Eu 2+ with Sm 2+ provides a novel method to bypass the self-absorption problem encountered in large SrI 2 :Eu 2+ crystals and, at the same time, provides a unique near-infrared emitting scintillator with a light yield of approximately 40,000 photons/MeV. Accepted Author ManuscriptRST/Fundamental Aspects of Materials and EnergyRST/Luminescence Material
'Laws 'Needefull in Later to be Abrogated': Intersex and the Sources of Christian Theology
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this record
Introduction: Troubling Bodies?
No full textThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Palgrave Macmillan via the DOI in this record
Distinguished student paper: Ultra-slim barrier ribs for plasma display panel by X-ray lithography process
No full textX-ray lithography is one of the most powerful processes in the fabrication of nano/micro structures with a high aspect ratio. This process enables the fabrication of closed-cell type ultra-slim barrier ribs for PDP. In this paper, ultra-slim barrier ribs of 12 μm upper width before sintering were fabricated by x-ray lithography. © 2007 SID
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