841 research outputs found
Sociology essay
No full textSociology essay by Jitsuso Tamura for a class assignment at Tri-State High School at Tule Lake incarceration camp. Covers how population influences social life and problems.The Japanese American Archival Collection documents the people, places, and daily life of Japanese Americans, primarily those who lived in the once thriving community of pre-war Florin in the Sacramento region, as well as the conditions in American incarceration camps during World War II. The approximately 7,000 original items include personal and official letters, photographs, diaries, arts and crafts, newsletters, textiles, camps artifacts, yearbooks and other publications
Video Summary Based on F-Sift, Tamura Textural and Middle Level Semantic Feature
No full textAbstractThe continuous generation of digital multimedia has raised the question about management of time and data. For effective management of such a tremendous amount of data or longer videos, a number of researches have been made. Video summarization is one of important research area to solve the problem. To summarise a video of any domain, researches relied on visual features available in frames, which does not guarantee to achieve semantic meaning of original video. In this paper, we proposed an approach for getting semantic video summary of original video. Generated video summaries are based on middle level semantic features, flip-Sift and tamura's textural feature. We used clustering approach based on middle level semantic features for static key frame extraction. Tamura feature has been used for getting texture features of frames. We tested this technique on various domains like sports, news, etc.; this technique has been tested on dataset freely available at YAACVID, UT egocentric and benchmark datasets. Longer duration video is also producing good result in compare to existing technique
Novel Environmentally Friendly Inorganic Orange Pigments Based on NaₓWO₃
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Chemistry Letters following peer review. The version of record Yo Shimura, Shinji Tamura, Novel environmentally friendly inorganic orange pigments based on NaₓWO₃, Chemistry Letters, Volume 54, Issue 9, September 2025, upaf175, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemle/upaf175.Lithium-doped NaWO₃ (Na₁−xLixWO₃, 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.20) was investigated as a novel environmentally friendly inorganic orange pigment. Li⁺ incorporation induced local structural distortions in WO₆ octahedra, modulating d–d transitions and bandgap absorption. The sample with x = 0.05 composition exhibited maximum red reflectance and vivid coloration due to minimized octahedral distortion. These results demonstrate that lattice-level control of symmetry offers a viable strategy to tune visible light absorption and color properties in lead- and cadmium-free pigment materials
Delphinium drepanocentrum Munz. Tamura 1968
No full textDelphinium drepanocentrum (Brühl 1896: 101) Munz (1968: 94). Figs. 1–5. ≡ D. altissimum var. drepanocentrum Brühl ex Huth (1895: 419). ≡ D. altissimum subsp. drepanocentrum Brühl (1896: 101). ≡ D. umbrosum subsp. drepanocentrum (Brühl 1896: 101) Chowdhury ex Mukerjee (1960: 293). ≡ D. drepanocentrum (Brühl 1896: 101) Tamura (1968: 100). ≡ D. umbrosum var. drepanocentrum (Brühl ex Huth 1895: 419) Wang & Warnock in Wang et al. (1995: 385), syn. nov. Type:— NEPAL. Sankhuwasabha District, towards Wallanchún, G. King’s collectors s.n. (JE00016325!). Fig. 1. = D. umbrosoides Wang (2020: 180), syn. nov. Type:— CHINA. Xizang: Dinggyê (= Dingjie), Chentanggou, Meinühu, alt. 4151 m, moist places at forest margin, 15 July 2013, PE Xizang Exped. 3526 (holotype PE02288889!, isotype PE02288891!). Fig. 4. Description:—Perennial herbs. Rootstock thickened, woody. Stems erect, 40–60 cm tall, simple or nearly so, spreading yellowish hispid. Leaves papery; lowest leaves withered by anthesis; proximal and middle leaves long petiolate; petioles 10–20 cm long, densely spreading yellowish hispid, somewhat dilated at base; blades somewhat pentagonal, papery, hispid on both surfaces, 5–10 cm long, 5–8 cm broad, base cordate, (3–) 5-lobed to 1–2 cm from the base, lobes broadly rhombic, base cuneate, incised dentate, or sometimes shallowly 3-lobulate, then dentate; leaves gradually reduced upward, distal ones smaller, shortly petiolate, 3-lobed, the uppermost becoming trifoliolate bracts 2–3 cm long. Inflorescence a terminal, simple and secund raceme, 10–30 cm long, 5–20-flowered, densely spreading yellowish glandular-hispid; upper bracts linear to lanceolate-elliptic, 1–2 cm long; pedicels erect, densely spreading yellowish glandular-hispid, 1–4 cm long; bracteoles distal, oblong-linear, 7–8 mm long, ca. 1 mm broad. Sepals bluepurple, abaxially appressed hispid; upper sepal ovate, 1.2–1.3 cm long, 8 mm broad, obtuse, spur subulate, strongly recurved or merely recurved-spreading, 2–2.2 cm long, base 2.5 mm in diameter, narrowed into a very slender tip; lateral sepals elliptic-oblong, 1.2–1.3 cm long, 5–6 mm broad, apex rounded-truncate; lower sepals asymmetrically oblong-elliptic, 1–1.1 cm long, 5 mm broad, apex rounded. Petals bluish; lamina glabrous, pointed, subentire, spur very slender, ca. 2 cm long. Staminodes oblong, 6.5 mm long, 3 mm broad, 2-lobed; lobes linear-oblong, white or yellowish barbate; claws ca. 5 mm long. Stamens glabrous. Carpels 3; ovaries puberulent. Follicles puberulent. Distribution and habitat:— Delphinium drepanocentrum is currently known from China (southern Xizang) and eastern Nepal (Fig. 6). It grows on grassy slopes, at forest margins or along stream sides at altitudes of (2800–) 3400–4100 m above sea level. Munz (1965) stated that the type material of this species was collected from western Sikkim and Grierson & Long (1984) recorded the occurrence of this species in Sikkim, but the type material was actually collected from eastern Nepal, not from Sikkim (Fig. 1). We have not as yet seen any authentic material of D. drepanocentrum from Sikkim. According to Gogoi et al. (2021), this species indeed does not occur in Sikkim. Phenology:—Flowering from late July to September; fruiting from September to early October. Additional specimens examined (barcodes are given when available):— CHINA. Xizang: Dinggyê, CMTTE 966 (GXMG); Nyalam, Xizang Chin. Trad. Med. Exped. 1554 (HNWP, PE). NEPAL. Dolakha District, L. Dhwoj 641 (E), S. Noshiro et al. 20710179 (E); Ramechhap District, H. Ohba et al. 8580473 (E, KATH025854); Sankhuwasabha District, L.W. Beer 10010 (BM), L.W. Beer 25391 (BM), H. Ohba et al. 9153384 (E, KATH021483), T.B. Shrestha & D.P.Joshi 405 (BM), M.N. Subedi 228-1991 (KATH019645); Solukhumbu District, J.H. Haas 2969 (BM), F. Miyamoto et al. 9584270 (E, KATH018985, KATH018986), F. Miyamoto et al. 9592173 (BM, E, KATH019444), F. Miyamoto et al. 9592401 (BM, E), F. Miyamoto et al. 9596217 (KATH022207), F. Miyamoto et al. 9596431 (KATH022206, KUN0137427), F. Miyamoto et al. 9596436 (KATH02220), F. Miyamoto et al. 9596500 (E, KATH019464), M. Wakabayashi et al. 9720162 (E), M. Wakabayashi et al. 9730190 (E, KATH025274), M.F. Watson et al. DNEP3 BX93 (E, KATH006216, KATH095106); Taplejung District, Curzon 81 (K), J.D.A. Stainton 1142 (BM, E), J.D.A. Stainton 1144 (BM, E), KEKE 508 (E); Without precise locality, L.W. Beer et al. 8400 (BM), L. Dhwoj 0191 (BM, E). Notes:— Huth (1895) described Delphinium altissimum var. drepanocentrum on the basis of a single specimen, G. King’s collector s.n. (JE; Fig. 1), from the neighborhood of Wallanchún in Sankhuwasabha District, eastern Nepal (Fig. 6). According to the protologue, this variety was characterized by having sickle-shaped, incurved spur of sepals and hirsute carpels (“calcari falcato-incurvo, carpellis hirsutis”). Based on the same collection, Brühl (1896) published it as a subspecies of D. altissimum, i.e. D. altissimum subsp. drepanocentrum, with an excellent line illustration and a brief description: “a middle-sized herb; the whole stem covered with dirty-yellow more or less deflexed, partly glandular hairs; blade of leaves hairy above, subhirsute beneath; bracteoles close to the flower, linear; sepaline spur longer than the sepals, sickle-shaped; ovaries hirsute”. Munz (1968), in January, without giving any reason, raised D. altissimum subsp. drepanocentrum to specific rank, proposing the combination D. drepanocentrum (Brühl) Munz. Tamura (1968), in November, also raised D. altissimum subsp. drepanocentrum to specific rank. proposing the combination D. drepanocentrum (Brühl) Tamura. In his remarks, Tamura (1968) stressed that this species was distinguished from D. altissimum mainly by the yellowish indumentum on stem, petioles, both sides of leaves, especially on veins of abaxial surface, pedicels, sepals and carpels. He further elaborated on the morphological distinction between the two species. The hairs in D. drepanocentrum were various in length; some of them were spreading, glandulose and swollen near the base, some of them were curled or deflexed and eglandulose. On the lower part of stem, the hairs were sparse and usually curled, on the pedicels and outside of sepals, they were more dense and partly spreading, and on the carpels subvillose and not spreading. Leaf-lobes were ovate- or obovate-rhombic, regularly laciniate-dentate into the laciniae with obtuse or round tips. Bracteoles were approximate to the flower, flowers 30–38 mm long, and the spurs distinctly longer than the sepals, sickle-shaped or nearly straight. While in D. altissimum, the stem was pubescent but usually glabrous downwards, and the hairs white, curled and eglandulose, though sometimes the hairs on petioles, abaxial side of leaves and carpels were somewhat similar to those of D. drepanocentrum. Sepals were covered with white curled and eglandulose hairs and carpels glabrous or hairy. Bracteoles were usually distant from the flowers, flowers smaller than those of D. drepanocentrum, and spurs usually slightly longer than the sepals, straight or slightly curved. Tamura (1968) stated that D. drepanocentrum was distributed in western Sikkim and eastern Nepal. Hara (1979) and Rau (1993) accepted the specific status of D. drepanocentrum proposed independently by Munz (1968) and Tamura (1968). Tamura’s (1968) combination, published several months later, is an illegitimate isonym and has been rejected. However, without giving any reason, Mukerjee (1960) transferred Delphinium altissimum subsp. drepanocentrum to D. umbrosum Handel-Mazzetti (1931: 278) as a subspecies, i.e. D. umbrosum subsp. drepanocentrum. This treatment was accepted by Wang (1979) in his account of the genus Delphinium from China in the Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae vol. 27. He noted that this subspecies was different from subsp. umbrosum by having stems shorter, 50–70 cm tall, ca. 6 mm thick (vs. taller, 60–110 cm tall, 5–12 mm thick at base), and densely spreading hirsute, with the hairs 1–3 mm long (vs. retrosely appressed puberulous, with the hairs 0.1–0.9 mm long) and also by having bracteoles 1.5–1.8 mm (vs. 0.5–0.6 mm) broad, and that it was distributed in China (southern Xizang), India (Sikkim) and Nepal. Wang & Warnock in Wang et al. (1995) treated this taxon as a variety, proposing the combination D. umbrosum var. drepanocentrum (Brühl) Wang & Warnock. They noted that this combination was necessitated by the editorial policy of the Flora of China Project to recognize only one infraspecific rank within a genus and that use of variety as the infrageneric rank for the Chinese Delphinium required fewer new combinations than use of subspecies. This treatment was adopted by Wang & Warnock (2001) in their account of the Chinese Delphinium in the Flora of China vol. 6 and by Wang (2020) in his recently published treatise “A revision of the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) of China (II)”. We agree with Munz (1968) and Tamura (1968) that Delphinium drepanocentrum should be recognized as an independent species of its own. This Himalayan species (Figs. 1–5) is somewhat similar to D. umbrosum (Figs. 7–9) in leaf division and bracteoles distal on the pedicel (close to the flower), but very readily distinguishable by having thicker and papery (vs. thinner and membranous) leaves mostly basal and persistent (vs. mostly cauline, with the basal ones usually having withered) at anthesis, and spreading hirsute (vs. appressed puberulent) stem, petioles, inflorescence axis and pedicels. Geographically, the two species are remarkably disjunctive, with D. drepanocentrum distributed in southern Xizang (Dinggyê, Nyalam), China and Nepal, whereas D. umbrosum endemic to northwestern Yunnan, China (Fig. 6). Wang (2020) described Delphinium umbrosoides on the basis of a single collection, PE Xizang Exped. 3526 (PE; Fig. 4), from Dinggyê (= Dingjie) in southern Xizang, China. In the protologue, the author stated that it was similar to D. umbrosum in having 3-partite leaves, racemose inflorescence, linear bracteoles close to the flower, and sepals shorter than the sepaline spur, but remarkably differed by having shorter plant 11–16 cm (vs. 60–110 cm) tall and 3–4 leaves all basal and persistent (vs. leaves basal and cauline, with the basal leaves having withered at anthesis). Wang (2020) also noted the holotype (Fig. 4A) was an abnormally developed plant, with the pedicel of a flower at the base of the raceme strongly elongated while the other parts strongly abbreviated, but the isotype (Fig. 4B) was a normally developed plant, with the raceme not yet mature and containing only flowering buds. According to the field record, this collection was made on 15 July, 2014, not yet the usual flowering period of the plant in question. Our specimen survey at GXMG resulted in the discovery of a Delphinium specimen, CMTTE 966 (GXMG; Fig. 5), from the exact type locality of D. umbrosoides, i.e. Chengtanggou in Dinggyê, southern Xizang. A comparison of the type specimens of D. umbrosoides with this specimen and those of D. drepanocentrum from Nepal (Fig. 1, 2) and from Nyalam in southern Xizang (Fig. 3) indicates clearly that D. umbrosoides, which is characterized by, among other characters, having spreading hirsute stem, petioles, inflorescence axis and pedicels, should be conspecific with D. drepanocentrum. We therefore place D. umbrosoides in synonymy with D. drepanocentrum herein. Some collections from Cona in southern Xizang, China, including Anonymous 75-1841 (PE), PE Xizang Exped. 6282 (PE), Qinghai-Xizang Supplem. Exped. 75-1642 (KUN, PE), Qinghai-Xizang Supplem. Exped. 75-1720 (KUN, PE), and Qinghai-Xizang Veg. Exped. 2471 (PE), have been identified in 1976 and 2017 respectively as Delphinium umbrosum subsp. drepanocentrum on the determination slips (two sheets of the collection PE Xizang Exped. 6282 shown in Figure 10), and Wang (2020) cited two of them, Xizang Supplem. Exped. 75-1642 (Fig. 11A, B) and Xizang Supplem. Exped. 75-1720 (Fig. 11C, D), under D. umbrosum var. drepanocentrum. These collections are indeed somewhat similar to D. drepanocentrum in the position of bracteoles on pedicels (the bracteoles close to the flower), but they differ remarkably by having somewhat deeply divided leaves, more leafy stems, densely appressed strigose stems, petioles, inflorescence axis and pedicels, and sparsely pubescent or subglabrous follicles. They should belong to a hitherto undescribed species. In addition, Wang (2020) referred another collection from Cona, PE Xizang Exped. 6212 (PE), to D. conaense Wang in Wang & Li (1987: 34). This collection should also belong to the hitherto undescribed species while D. conaense is certainly conspecific with D. bhutanicum Munz (1967: 507), a species hitherto recorded to occur only in Bhutan (Grierson 1984). Geographically Cona is closely adjacent to eastern Bhutan. We will report these two species and place D. conaense in synonymy with D. bhutanicum elsewhere.Published as part of Yuan, Qiong & Yang, Qin-Er, 2022, Taxonomic studies on the genus Delphinium (Ranunculaceae) from China (XXII): Clarifying morphological distinction between D. drepanocentrum and D. umbrosum and synonymizing D. umbrosoides with D. drepanocentrum, pp. 243-258 in Phytotaxa 572 (3) on pages 244-250, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.572.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/732218
Rethinking Pan-Africanism in the AU (African Union)-led regional integration of Africa: identity politics in the diaspora involvement, Afro-Arab relations and Indian Ocean islands
No full textAfrican regional integration has its ideological roots in Pan-Africanism, which aims for the unity of African states and African people on the continent and in the diaspora. In terms of the institutional development, the formation of the AU in 2003 has been positively viewed as a big step forward for a deeper integration among its member states. Critically, I argue that Pan-Africanism can be divided to the two conceptual dimensions that are: 1) racial-cultural affinity; and 2) geographical connection. In the racial-cultural dimension, Pan-Africanism is deemed to engender pride and solidarity among Blacks inside and outside the continent. In the geographical discourse, racial and cultural diversity within the continent is subject to the notion of Africa as a single regional bloc. In the post-Cold War global politics the identity issue appears to be a determinant factor in maintaining global/regional security and arguably promoting regional integration. A major objective of my research is to analyze the two different dimensions of Pan-Africanism and assess their ideological influence on the institutionalization of the AU-led regional integration of Africa. Specifically, my research seeks to answer the two major research questions that follow: 1) Can African diasporas play any significant role in the AU-led integration process?; and 2) How have the intergovernmental relations among the member states of the Northern Arab region, sub-Saharan Black African region and Indian Ocean region shaped the institutional development process of the AU-led African integration? The topic of African identity appears to receive little attention, or is presupposed as Black African identity. Therefore, my dissertation attempts to explore this under-theorized issue, applying racial-cultural state identity as an analytical tool in discussing the AU-led African regional integration. In terms of research methodologies, this research consists of: 1) Relevant literature review; 2) Primary and secondary data analysis; 3) Historical and contemporary document analysis; 4) Archival research at the AU Archives in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; and 5) Data collection through interviews with the AU officials and diplomats of African states and donor states in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia and New York.Ph. D.Includes bibliographical referencesIncludes vitaby Setsuko Tamur
Catalytic Combustion-Type Methane Gas Sensor with Tungsten-doped Apatite-type Gadolinium Silicate
No full textThis is a pre-copyedited, author-produced version of an article accepted for publication in Chemistry Letters following peer review. The version of record Wonjoon Lee, Shinji Tamura, Nobuhito Imanaka, Catalytic combustion-type methane gas sensor with tungsten-doped apatite-type gadolinium silicate, Chemistry Letters, Volume 54, Issue 10, October 2025, upaf177, is available online at: https://doi.org/10.1093/chemle/upaf177.We report a thermally engineered apatite-type Gd₁₀Si₆−xWxO₂₇+δ-supported PdO/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst for catalytic combustion-type CH₄ sensor. Incorporation of W⁶⁺ induces local lattice distortion via strong W–O bonds, reducing catalyst-specific heat capacity and enabling rapid internal heat transfer. This accelerates sensor response speed and sensitivity at lower operating temperatures. Optimized PdO/Gd₁₀Si₅.₇W₀.₃O₂₇+δ/γ-Al₂O₃ catalyst exhibited more than twice the sensor output and a significantly shorter response time than the undoped system, demonstrating lattice-level thermal control via strategic chemical substitution improves sensor performance
4-Methylumbelliferone inhibits ovarian cancer growth by suppressing thymidine phosphorylase expression
No full text4-Methylumbelliferone inhibits ovarian cancer growth by suppressing thymidine phosphorylase expression
No full text弘前大学博士（医学）Journal of Ovarian Research,7:94,201
Qualities of communication in palliative care conversations in dialysis
No full textUndergraduateKatharine L Cheung, Samantha Smoger, Manjula Kurella Tamura, Michael LaMantia, Terry Rabinowitz, Renee D. Stapleton, Robert Gramling Abstract: Background: Little is known about the content of communication in palliative care telehealth conversations, particularly in a population of patients receiving dialysis. Understanding the content and process of these conversations through qualitative analyses may lead to insights about how palliative care improves quality of life. Methods: We conducted a qualitative analysis of video-recordings obtained during a pilot palliative teleconsultation program. Patient participants were recruited from five dialysis facilities affiliated with an academic medical center. The target population included patients with kidney failure receiving in-center dialysis. Palliative care clinicians conducted teleconsultation using a large wall-mounted screen with a camera mounted on a pole and positioned mid-screen in the line of sight to facilitate direct eye contact. Patients used an iPad that was attached to an IV pole positioned next to the dialysis chair. Conversations were coded for using a pre-existing framework of themes and content from the Serious Illness Conversation Guide and revised Edmonton Symptom Assessment System-renal. Results: We recruited 39 patients to undergo a telepalliative care consultation while receiving dialysis, 34 of whom ultimately completed the teleconsultation. Four specialty palliative care clinicians (three physicians and one nurse practitioner) conducted 35 visits with 34 patients. Median (IQR) duration of conversation was 42 (28, 57) minutes. Most frequently discussed content included sources of strength (91%), critical abilities (88%), illness understanding (85%), fears and worries (85%), what family knows (85%), fatigue (77%) and pain (65%). Process features such as summarizing statements (85%) and making a recommendation (82%) were common, while connectional silence (56%), and emotion expression (21%) occurred less often. Conclusions: Unscripted palliative care conversations in outpatient dialysis units via telemedicine exhibited many domains recommended by the Serious Illness Conversation Guide, with less frequent discussion of symptoms. Emotion expression was uncommon for these conversations that occurred in an open setting. This study was funded by the National Palliative Care Research Center
Shinran’s Calligraphy: With Special Reference to the Kyo Gyo Shin Sho (Part I)
No full text(Part I in the present number)
The author endeavours to found the historical study of ‘Buddhist calligraphy’ as a new branch of calligraphic history. Generally speaking, the founder of a new sect of Buddhism was a man of no ordinary character, and it profoundly influenced not only his but also his followers' calligraphy.
The famous abbot and saint Shinran (1173–1262) founded the Jōdo-Shin Sect in Japan. Examining his writing, the author is amazed to know Shinran liked very much to write Chinese characters of uncommon form, archaic or variant.
Among others he wrote a strange sort of variant characters. In old China those characters which were used for the names of Emperors of the reigning dynasty were put under taboo. The final stroke of each of such characters, including other homonymic characters, was omitted in handwritten or printed books. Such crippled characters were of course meaningless to nations outside, but Shinran frequently wrote such characters probably in imitation of block books imported from the Sung China. Shinran's use of such novel forms and many other variant forms, together with his assimilation of the Sung style of Chinese calligraphy, shows, Miss TAMURA supposes, his neophilism and curiosity, which were, in some sense, among the indispensable requisites to the founder of a new religion.
Further, the author points out an interesting fact most conspicuous in Shinran's main work “Kyō Gyō Shin Shō” (Teaching, Working, Faith and Attainment-Doctrine and Practice of the Jōdo-Shin Shū Sect) in his own handwriting (the Bando text, National Treasure, owned by the Hongan-ji temple of the Ōtani Sect, Kyoto.)
In some parts of the work Shinran wrote with three dots such characters as 為,馬,無, and the like, regularly writen with four dots; and, in parallel with them, in the same parts, he wrote 出， regularly with an unbroken middle vertical line, (five strokes in all,) in the form of double 山 one laid on the other (Six strokes.) In other parts, however, characters of the 為 type and 出 were written in regular form.
Miss TAMURA took notice of a strip of paper pasted on a certain page of the Kyo Gyō Shin Shō. On the strip was written a corrected phrase, the original of which was covered with the strip. In the original 為 was written with three dots, whereas in the correction on the strip it was written with four dots. This shows 為 with three dots preceded 為 with four dots in Shinran's writing. From this evidence it is clear that those parts of the Kyō Gyō Shin Shō in which 為 and others with three dots and in the form of double 山 appear are in the original state, and that those parts in which, 出,為, and others in regular form appear are later corrections or additions. Thus, we are now able to trace the Kyō Gyō Shin Sho's growth.
(Part II in the next number)
In advance of this study, of course, Prof. Kanrichi OGAWA, the late Prof. Toshihide AKAMATSU and other scholars already made various efforts to ascertain Shinran's own revision of the Kyō Gyō Shin Sho, on the ground of the quality of paper, the number of lines on each page, binding, etc. Compared with these observations, however, the changes of Chinese characters Miss TAMURA points out are far more objective and convincing and give strong support to Prof. AKAMATSU and others' views.journal articl
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