122 research outputs found
The parameterisation of Mediterranean–Atlantic water exchange in the Hadley Centre model HadCM3, and its effect on modelled North Atlantic climate
No full textMultiple palaeo-proxy and modelling studies suggest that Mediterranean Outflow Water (MOW) is an important driver of Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), particularly during periods of weak overturning. Here, we employ the HadCM3 ocean–atmosphere General Circulation Model (GCM) to investigate the effect of using different parameterisations of Mediterranean–Atlantic water exchange on global ocean circulation and climate. In HadCM3, simulating flow through the Gibraltar Straits with an ‘open seaway’ rather than a ‘diffusive pipe’ causes a shoaling and strengthening of the MOW plume. This reorganises shallow Atlantic circulation, producing regional surface air temperature anomalies of up to + 11 °C and ?7.5 °C. We conclude that when investigating the influence of MOW on modelled ocean circulation and climate, an accurate parameterisation of Mediterranean–Atlantic exchange is important and should match observed fresh water and salinity flux constraints. This probably cannot be achieved through a simple ‘diffusive pipe’ with depth invariant mixing coefficient
Supplementary: Optimisation of the Nd isotope scheme in the ocean component of the FAMOUS general circulation model
No full text<b>External Organisations</b><br/>University of Leeds; Imperial College London; University of Bern<b>Associated Persons</b><br/>Suzanne Robinson (Creator); Ruza Ivanovic (Creator); Lauren Gregoire (Creator); Tina van de Flierdt (Creator); Yves Plancherel (Creator); Frerk Pöppelmeier (Creator)Supplementary: Optimisation of the Nd isotope scheme in the ocean component of the FAMOUS general circulation mode
Право как инструмент урегулирования конфликтов в экономической конкурентной среде
No full textОснова любой рыночной экономики — это конкуренция, что представляет из себя
честное соревнование хозяйствующих субъектов на различных рынках за наиболее полное удовлетворение потребностей общества и его членов. В данной статье рассматривается проблема права в сфере регулирования конфликтов, возникающих в экономической конкурентной среде. Обосновывается необходимость выработки правильной стратегии развития права в сфере рыночных отношений. Раскрываются функции работы, как антимонопольного законодательства, которое регулирует предпринимательскую сферу деятельности,
так и функции работы самой федеральной антимонопольной службы. Приводятся доводы,
подтверждающие важность правого регулирования рынка государством. Конкуренция рассматривается как конфликт интересов, а конфликты, связанные с межличностными отношениями проявляются всегда, ведь цели и интересы у каждого субъекта свои и они обязательно будут пересекаться приводя к столкновению противоположных мнений. Раскрываются
основные понятия о недобросовестной конкуренции и монополии, описывается благодаря
каким обстоятельствам они появляются, проводится анализ того, как они негативно влияют
на развитие свободных рыночных отношений. Основной целью данной статьи, является
выявление эффективности права в урегулировании конфликтов между хозяйствующими
субъектами, какие инструменты давления использует и какие обязательства предписывает государство для удержания конкуренции в рамках права и недопущения распространения монополии. И возможна ли конкуренция без конфликта. Резюмируется, что динамика
правого регулирования лишь отражает объективную необходимость его постоянной модернизации, поясняется, что антиконкурентные практики сводят на нет работу естественный
рыночных регуляторов и влекут за собой негативные последствия для экономики и потребителей. Делается вывод о том, что становление рыночной экономики в мире объективно
невозможно без проведения государственных мер антимонопольного регулирования, которые направлены на защиту рыночной экономики и интересов добросовестных участников
рыночных отношений.The Development of modern Economics in the Russian Federation depends on a competition,
which is the Foundation of market self-regulation and provides ongoing development of
the economy as a whole, because the basis of any market economy is competition, what is fair
competition of business entities in different markets for the most complete satisfaction of needs
of the society and its members. This article deals with the problem of law in the sphere of regulation
of conflicts arising in the economic competitive environment. The article substantiates the
need to develop a correct strategy for the development of law in the field of market relations.
The article reveals the functions of the Antimonopoly legislation that regulates the business
sphere, as well as the functions of the Federal Antimonopoly service itself. Arguments are given
confirming the importance of legal regulation of the market by the state. Competition is seen as
a conflict of interests, and conflicts related to interpersonal relationships are always manifested,
because the goals and interests of each subject are different and they will necessarily intersect
leading to a clash of opposing opinions. The main concepts of unfair competition and monopolies
are revealed, the author describes how they appear, and analyzes how they negatively affect
the development of free market relations. The main purpose of this article is to identify
the effectiveness of law in resolving conflicts between economic entities, which instruments
of pressure are used and which obligations are prescribed by the state to maintain competition
within the law and prevent the spread of monopoly. And whether competition is possible without
conflict. It is summarized that the dynamics of legal regulation only reflects the objective need
for its constant modernization, it is explained that anti-competitive practices negate the work of
traditional market regulators and entail negative consequences for the economy and consumers.
It is concluded that the formation of a market economy in the world is objectively impossible
without state measures of Antimonopoly regulation, which are aimed at protecting the market
economy and the interests of bona fide market participants
The silicon cycle impacted by past ice sheets
No full textGlobally averaged riverine silicon (Si) concentrations and isotope composition (δ30Si) may be affected by the expansion and retreat of large ice sheets during glacial-interglacial cycles. Here we provide evidence of this based on the δ30Si composition of meltwater runoff from a Greenland Ice Sheet catchment. Glacier runoff has the lightest δ30Si measured in running waters (-0.25 ± 0.12‰), significantly lower than non-glacial rivers (1.25 ± 0.68‰), such that the overall decline in glacial runoff since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) may explain 0.06-0.17‰ of the observed ocean δ30Si rise (0.5-1.0‰). A marine sediment core proximal to Iceland provides further evidence for transient, low-δ30Si meltwater pulses during glacial termination. Diatom Si uptake during the LGM was likely similar to present day due to an expanded Si inventory, which raises the possibility of a feedback between ice sheet expansion, enhanced Si export to the ocean and reduced CO2 concentration in the atmosphere, because of the importance of diatoms in the biological carbon pump
Public trunk revision 3298 of BISICLES and revision 23085 of Chombo version 3
No full textThis dataset contains archived versions of the model and modelling framework used for the simulations presented in the manuscript "Simulating the Early Holocene demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet with BISICLES (public trunk revision 3298)". For access to the related manuscript and output data, please refer to the links under 'Related resources' below. Simulating the demise of the Laurentide Ice Sheet covering the Hudson Bay in the early Holocene is important for understanding the role of accelerated changes in ice sheet topography and melt in the '8.2 ka event', a century long cooling of the Northern Hemisphere by several degrees. Freshwater released from the ice sheet through a surface mass balance instability (known as the saddle collapse) has been suggested as a major forcing for the 8.2 ka event, but the temporal evolution of this pulse has not been constrained. Dynamical ice loss and marine interactions could have significantly accelerated the ice sheet demise, but simulating such processes requires computationally expensive models that are difficult to configure and are often impractical for simulating past ice sheets. Here, we developed an ice sheet model setup for studying the Laurentide Ice Sheet's Hudson Bay saddle collapse and the associated meltwater pulse in unprecedented detail using the BISICLES ice sheet model, an efficient marine ice sheet model of the latest generation, capable of refinement to kilometre-scale resolution and higher-order ice flow physics
The internal market and the environment
No full textOn April 22nd 2022, N de Sadeleer held a webinar for the students of the University of Belgrade on his book EU Environmental Law and the Internal Market. The author challenges current thought and re-assesses the rules of economic integration within an environmental framework. The speaker was presented by Dr. Mirjana Drenovak Ivanovic, Associate Professor at the Faculty of Law, University of Belgrade
Modelling Neodymium Isotopes Using a General Circulation Model (FAMOUS): Exploring the Role of a Benthic Flux in Unconservative Behaviour in Paleo Records and Observations
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