87 research outputs found
TOPLESS Corepressors as an Emerging Hub of Plant Pathogen Effectors
No full textTranscriptional corepressors form an ancient and essential layer of gene expression control in eukaryotes. TOPLESS and TOPLESS-RELATED (TPL/TPR) proteins constitute a conserved family of Groucho (Gro)/thymidine uptake 1 (Tup1)-type transcriptional corepressors and control diverse growth, developmental, and stress signaling responses in plants. Because of their central and versatile regulatory roles, they act as a signaling hub to integrate various input signaling pathways in the transcriptional responses. Recently, increasing pieces of evidence indicate the roles of TPL/TPR family proteins in the modulation of plant immunity. This is supported by studies on effectors of distantly related pathogens that target TPL/TPR proteins in planta. In this short review, we will summarize the latest findings concerning pathogens targeting plant TPL/TPR proteins to manipulate plant signaling responses for the successful invasion of their hosts. [Graphic: see text] Copyright © 2024 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license
are associated with non‐syndromic hypodontia
No full textObjective: The aim of this case-control study was to investigate the association between non-syndromic hypodontia and nineteen common variants of candidate genes ectodysplasin A (EDA), paired box 9 (PAX9), msh homeobox 1 (MSX1) and axis inhibition protein 2 (AXIN2). Settings and Sample Population: Sixty-one hypodontia cases were frequency-matched to 253 controls with no missing teeth (excluding the third molars). Material and Methods: Self-report data and DNA samples were collected from each participant. Results: The sample had a mean age of 16.6 years (SD = 7.3), with most participants being female (59.6%), and of New Zealand European origin (75.4%). Using multiple logistic regression analysis, it was found that the T-allele of rs12853659 (EDA) and the G-allele of rs2428151 (EDA) were both associated with a higher risk of hypodontia (odds ratio, OR = 2.79, 95% CI = 1.11-7.01; and OR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.04-7.94, respectively). The G-allele of rs2520378 (EDA) showed a protective effect with an OR of 0.61 (95% CI = 0.38-0.99). The EDA SNP findings were consistent with previous reports included in a meta-analysis. No associations were found with the PAX9, AXIN2 and MSX1 genes, after adjusting for sex and ethnicity. Conclusions: Common variants of the EDA genes are associated with specific phenotypes of non-syndromic hypodontia, thus confirming their role in the regulatory pathways of normal tooth development. However, larger samples are needed to investigate the association further
ABI5-binding proteins (AFPs) alter transcription of ABA-induced genes via a variety of interactions with chromatin modifiers
No full textKey messageOverexpression of ABI5/ABF binding proteins (AFPs) results in extreme ABA resistance of seeds via multiple mechanisms repressing ABA response, including interactions with histone deacetylases and the co-repressor TOPLESS. Several ABI5/ABF binding proteins (AFPs) inhibit ABA response, resulting in extreme ABA resistance in transgenic Arabidopsis overexpression lines, but their mechanism of action has remained obscure. By analogy to the related Novel Interactor of JAZ (NINJA) protein, it was suggested that the AFPs interact with the co-repressor TOPLESS to inhibit ABA-regulated gene expression. This study shows that the AFPs that inhibit ABA response have intrinsic repressor activity in a heterologous system, which does not depend on the domain involved in the interaction with TOPLESS. This domain is also not essential for repressing ABA response in transgenic plants, but does contribute to stronger ABA resistance. Additional interactions between some AFPs and histone deacetylase subunits were observed in yeast two-hybrid and bimolecular fluorescence assays, consistent with a more direct mechanism of AFP-mediated repression of gene expression. Chemical inhibition of histone deacetylase activity by trichostatin A suppressed AFP effects on a small fraction of the ABI5-regulated genes tested. Collectively, these results suggest that the AFPs participate in multiple mechanisms modulating ABA response, including both TOPLESS-dependent and -independent chromatin modification
Female exposure and the protesting woman
No full textLast year, while driving down Sydney's normally busy Parramatta Road on a quiet Sunday afternoon, I saw a young woman walking topless. As she went by a pub, several men leaned back on their barstools to watch her pass, but she walked matter-of-factly on. I realised I had never before seen a topless woman on a city street, except on a billboard, or at Mardi Gras. This essay is a study of the complexities of live female public nudity outside of its traditionally sanctioned erotic contexts (such as striptease). It canvasses instances in which women have used public nudity for both protest and celebration, and it argues that women who seek to use their naked bodies in protest and celebration face complexities and dilemmas that reveal the limits of what female nakedness can mean within a patriarchal hegemony. I am interested in the extent to which historical meanings of nakedness (including religious and mythological meanings) mayor may not provide a resource for bodily action. In particular, I note the persistence of a sacrificial logic at work in some protest forms, and the potential appeal of this logic to women. I conclude, though, by examining some instances in which women have eschewed this logic and publicly used their naked bodies in more joyful or celebratory ways
Zoning Adult Establishments in New York: A Defense of the Adult-Use Zoning Text Amendments of 1995
No full textThis article examines New York City\u27s first attempt to regulate adult entertainment establishments through zoning provisions. Specifically, it discusses whether the adult-use zoning provisions comply with federal and state constitutional requirements, and it examines whether the adult-use amendments would cause a reduction in adult-use establishments in New York City, which would render the amendments constitutionally suspect, and whether its inclusion of topless bars renders the amendments overbroad. The author concludes that the adult-use amendments are consistent, with both federal and state constitutional requirements, and that the adult-use amendments will survive judicial scrutiny
Estimates of Diet Quality Explain Less Variability in Serum Urate Levels Than Genetic Factors
No full textMendelian Randomization Analysis to Examine for a Causal Effect of Urate on Bone Mineral Density
No full textEvaluation of the diet wide contribution to serum urate levels: meta-analysis of population based cohorts.
No full textOBJECTIVE:To systematically test dietary components for association with serum urate levels and to evaluate the relative contributions of estimates of diet pattern and inherited genetic variants to population variance in serum urate levels. DESIGN:Meta-analysis of cross sectional data from the United States. DATA SOURCES:Five cohort studies. REVIEW METHODS:16 760 individuals of European ancestry (8414 men and 8346 women) from the US were included in analyses. Eligible individuals were aged over 18, without kidney disease or gout, and not taking urate lowering or diuretic drugs. All participants had serum urate measurements, dietary survey data, information on potential confounders (sex, age, body mass index, average daily calorie intake, years of education, exercise levels, smoking status, and menopausal status), and genome wide genotypes. The main outcome measures were average serum urate levels and variance in serum urate levels. β values (95% confidence intervals) and Bonferroni corrected P values from multivariable linear regression analyses, along with regression partial R2 values, were used to quantitate associations. RESULTS:Seven foods were associated with raised serum urate levels (beer, liquor, wine, potato, poultry, soft drinks, and meat (beef, pork, or lamb)) and eight foods were associated with reduced serum urate levels (eggs, peanuts, cold cereal, skim milk, cheese, brown bread, margarine, and non-citrus fruits) in the male, female, or full cohorts. Three diet scores, constructed on the basis of healthy diet guidelines, were inversely associated with serum urate levels and a fourth, data driven diet pattern positively associated with raised serum urate levels, but each explained ≤0.3% of variance in serum urate. In comparison, 23.9% of variance in serum urate levels was explained by common, genome wide single nucleotide variation. CONCLUSION:In contrast with genetic contributions, diet explains very little variation in serum urate levels in the general population
Folic acid and methotrexate use and their association with COVID-19 diagnosis and mortality: a case–control analysis from the UK Biobank
No full textOBJECTIVE: To determine if methotrexate or folic acid prescription was associated with differential risk for COVID-19 diagnosis or mortality. DESIGN: Case–control analysis. SETTING: The population-based UK Biobank (UKBB) cohort. PARTICIPANTS: Data from 380 380 UKBB participants with general practice prescription data for 2019–2021. Updated medical information was retrieved on 13 December 2021. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES: The outcomes of COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19-related mortality were analysed by multivariable logistic regression. Exposures evaluated were prescription of folic acid and/or methotrexate. Criteria for COVID-19 diagnosis were (1) a positive SARS-CoV-2 test or (2) ICD-10 code for confirmed COVID-19 (U07.1) or probable COVID-19 (U07.2) in hospital records, or death records. By these criteria, 26 003 individuals were identified with COVID-19 of whom 820 were known to have died from COVID-19. Logistic regression statistical models were adjusted for age sex, ethnicity, Townsend deprivation index, body mass index, smoking status, presence of rheumatoid arthritis, sickle cell disease, use of anticonvulsants, statins and iron supplements. RESULTS: Compared with people prescribed neither folic acid nor methotrexate, people prescribed folic acid supplementation had increased risk of diagnosis of COVID-19 (OR 1.51 (1.42–1.61)). The prescription of methotrexate with or without folic acid was not associated with COVID-19 diagnosis (p≥0.18). People prescribed folic acid supplementation had positive association with death after a diagnosis of COVID-19 (OR 2.64 (2.15–3.24)) in a fully adjusted model. The prescription of methotrexate in combination with folic acid was not associated with an increased risk for COVID-19-related death (1.07 (0.57–1.98)). CONCLUSIONS: We report an association of increased risk for COVID-19 diagnosis and COVID-19-related death in people prescribed folic acid supplementation. Our results also suggest that methotrexate might attenuate these associations
No association between ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 rs2231142 (Q141K) and urate-lowering response to febuxostat.
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