549 research outputs found
Neural correlates of processing valence and arousal in affective words
No full textPsychological frameworks conceptualize emotion along 2 dimensions, "valence" and "arousal." Arousal invokes a single axis of intensity increasing from neutral to maximally arousing. Valence can be described variously as a bipolar continuum, as independent positive and negative dimensions, or as hedonic value (distance from neutral). In this study, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging to characterize neural activity correlating with arousal and with distinct models of valence during presentation of affective word stimuli. Our results extend observations in the chemosensory domain suggesting a double dissociation in which subregions of orbitofrontal cortex process valence, whereas amygdala preferentially processes arousal. In addition, our data support the physiological validity of descriptions of valence along independent axes or as absolute distance from neutral but fail to support the validity of descriptions of valence along a bipolar continuum
Avionic Pictorial Tunnel-/Pathway-/Highway-In-The-Sky Workshops
No full textIn 1994-96, Langley Research Center held a series of interactive workshops investigating highway-in-the-sky concepts, which enable precise flight path control. These workshops brought together government and industry display designers and pilots to discuss and fly various concepts in an iterative manner. The primary emphasis of the first workshops was the utility and usability of pathways and the pros and cons of various features available. The final workshops were focused on the specific applications to the eXternal Visibility System (XVS) of the NASA High-speed Research Program, which was concerned with replacement of the forward windows in a High-speed Civil Transport with electronic displays and high resolution video cameras to enable a "No-Droop" configuration. The primary concerns in the XVS application were the prevention of display clutter and obscuration of hazards, as the camera image was the primary means of traffic separation in clear visibility conditions. These concerns were not so prominent in the first workshops, which assumed a Synthetic Vision System application in which hazard locations are known and obscuration is handled easily. The resulting consensus concept has been used since in simulation and flight test activities of many Government programs. and other concepts have been influenced by the workshop discussions
Why are American kestrel (Falco Sparverius) populations declining in North America?: Evidence from nest box programs
No full textDeclines in American Kestrel (Falco sparverius) populations are widely reported, and Breeding Bird Survey (BBS) data suggest that the North American population declined significantly from 1984 to 2007. Potential factors include the spread of West Nile Virus (WNV), increases in populations of Cooper's Hawks (Accipiter cooperii), and loss of suitable habitat.Peer reviewedReprint from: Journal of Raptor Research v.43 (4) 2009 p.274-28
Evading Legislative Jurisdiction
No full textAn essay is presented on the adoption of a different approach by the U.S. courts to deal with the issues related to legislative jurisdictions. The author discusses lapses in the decisions of the courts related to the practice of redefining extraterritoriality that have been foundational in both domestic and international law. It also offers brief information on the decision of the U.S. Supreme Court for the court case Morrison v. National Australia Bank Ltd
Trade-Offs Arising From Mixture of Color Cueing and Monocular, Binoptic, and Stereoscopic Cueing Information for Simulated Rotorcraft Flight
No full text... This paper reports an in-simulator assessment of the trade-offs arising from the mixture of color cueing and monocular, binoptic, and stereoscopic cueing information in peripheral monitoring displays as encountered in HMD systems. The accompanying effect of stereoscopic cueing in the tracking information in the central region of the display was also assessed. Five operationally experienced rotorcraft pilots participated in the study. The pilot's task for the study was to fly at a prescribed height above an undulating pathway in the sky while monitoring a dynamic bar chart displayed in the periphery of their field of view. Control of the simulated rotorcraft was limited to the longitudinal and vertical degrees of freedom to ensure the lateral separation of the viewing conditions of the concurrent tasks. The results of the experiment indicate that binoptic display of monitoring information in the peripheral region, with color cueing as an alerting function to such information, and stereopscopic cueing in the central region of the display were the most effective display conditions examined, as determined from the objective measures and subjective comments of the pilots. 1. Introduction High-fidelity, "real world" pictorial displays that incorporate true depth (via stereopsis techniques) in the display elements are now available with current electronic display technology. Advanced pictorial flight display concepts that embody 3-D images are being conceived of and evaluated at various flight display research laboratories, including the Langley Research Center. Innovative concepts are being sought that exploit the power of modern graphics display generators and stereoscopic cueing, not only in situational awareness enhancements of pictorial displays but also in displays for t..
Computational algorithms for increased control of depth-viewing volume for stereo three-dimensional graphic displays
No full textThree-dimensional pictorial displays incorporating depth cues by means of stereopsis offer a potential means of presenting information in a natural way to enhance situational awareness and improve operator performance. Conventional computational techniques rely on asymptotic projection transformations and symmetric clipping to produce the stereo display. Implementation of two new computational techniques, as asymmetric clipping algorithm and piecewise linear projection transformation, provides the display designer with more control and better utilization of the effective depth-viewing volume to allow full exploitation of stereopsis cuing. Asymmetric clipping increases the perceived field of view (FOV) for the stereopsis region. The total horizontal FOV provided by the asymmetric clipping algorithm is greater throughout the scene viewing envelope than that of the symmetric algorithm. The new piecewise linear projection transformation allows the designer to creatively partition the depth-viewing volume, with freedom to place depth cuing at the various scene distances at which emphasis is desired
Simulator comparison of thumball, thumb switch, and touch screen input concepts for interaction with a large screen cockpit display format
No full textA piloted simulation study was conducted comparing three different input methods for interfacing to a large screen, multiwindow, whole flight deck display for management of transport aircraft systems. The thumball concept utilized a miniature trackball embedded in a conventional side arm controller. The multifunction control throttle and stick (MCTAS) concept employed a thumb switch located in the throttle handle. The touch screen concept provided data entry through a capacitive touch screen installed on the display surface. The objective and subjective results obtained indicate that, with present implementations, the thumball concept was the most appropriate for interfacing with aircraft systems/subsystems presented on a large screen display. Not unexpectedly, the completion time differences between the three concepts varied with the task being performed, although the thumball implementation consistently outperformed the other two concepts. However, pilot suggestions for improved implementations of the MCTAS and touch screen concepts could reduce some of these differences
New computational control techniques and increased understanding for stereo 3-D displays
No full text
- …
