1,721,006 research outputs found
Match analysis in team sports
Full text linkLa Match Analisi è argomento di discussione di grande interesse fra gli allenatori, i dirigenti sportivi e gli studiosi di scienze dello sport, e sta raggiungendo giorno per giorno una sempre maggiore rilevanza.
Quando ci si riferisce a questo particolare aspetto della metodologia dell’allenamento sportivo, l’Informazione e l’elaborazione dei dati pertinenti devono essere considerati i fattori chiave.
Attualmente il concetto di “Match Analisi” è usato in diversi paesi per definire il processo della osservazione e valutazione di un “insieme di comportamenti” adottati dagli atleti durante una partita o incontro, applicando diverse metodologie ed utilizzando specifici mezzi e strumenti, al fine di:
1. raccogliere ed elaborare i dati relativi ai diversi aspetti di un gioco o di alcune discipline sportive, sotto diversi punti di vista;
2. fornire le relative risultanze, opportunamente formattate, al fine di presentare i dati raccolti ed elaborati in un modo accessibile a tutti gli interessati, a diversi livelli (es. Allenatori, Atleti, studiosi di Scienze Motorie, Dirigenti, Giudici ed Arbitri, Giornalisti, ecc.);
3. fornire una interpretazione dei dati raccolti ed elaborati, al fine di definire meglio alcune caratteristiche specifiche della prestazione studiata (p.es. il dato fisiologico della prestazione o la biomeccanica o gli aspetti tattici di una partita o di un gioco) con il fine ultimo di migliorare questi aspetti attraverso la proposizione opportuna dei relativi processi di allenamento.
Le finalità di questa tesi possono essere sintetizzate come segue:
1. fornire una panoramica a larga scala di quello che è il ruolo delle procedure di Match Analisi, inserite nel contesto generale della metodologia dell’allenamento sportivo;
2. analizzare il profilo professionale (Studio 1, Capitolo 11) richiesto per poter operare in questo campo specifico e gli atteggiamenti dei possibili Match Analisti, gli studenti di Scienze Motorie, attraverso un questionario appositamente progettato;
3. fornire un esempio di Analisi Biomeccanica Quantitativa, (Studio 2, Capitolo 7) studiando una specifica tecnica hockeistica, il “push”, utilizzato spesso durante una partita, al fine di affrontare efficacemente le cosiddette “Invarianti di Competizione” (Tiri Liberi, Corners, Rigori, ecc.);
4. condurre e presentare (Studio 3, Capitolo 7) una analisi estensiva delle capacità motorie e dei livelli di condizione fisica nelle hockeiste di elite (livello internazionale) e sub-elite (livello nazionale) al fine di definire i possibili indicatori fisiologici di prestazione (livello 1 della Match Analisi);
5. descrivere alcune procedure applicative di Match Analisi Qualitativa e Quantitativa (Hockey, Calcio; Studio 4 e 5, Capitoli 8 e 13), attraverso i processi di:
· analisi dei software di Video Match Analisi disponibili sul mercato attualmente;
· uso di un software commerciale di video match analisi per raccogliere dei dati a livello nazionale/internazionale in giochi sportivi come l’Hockey su prato ed il Calcio;
· progetto di un nuovo software capace di aumentare l’efficienza del Data Base Video utilizzato;
· analisi delle informazioni raccolte, attraverso un programma di Data Mining, al fine di trovare gli opportuni Predittori di Prestazione, capaci di ottimizzare i processi di allenamento e di aiutare in modo consistente il lavoro degli Allenatori, anche in situazioni di tempo reale.
Sono proposte alcune considerazioni conclusive, che suggeriscono la necessità di maggiori ed ulteriori ricerche, per la maggior parte relative al terzo livello di analisi (la Strategia Generale e la Tattica). Un maggior coinvolgimento delle Università appare opportuno al fine di qualificare i futuri Match Analisti, assicurando loro le opportune conoscenze nei diversi ambiti disciplinari che possono concorrere a permettere un opportuno approccio interdisciplinare.Match Analysis is a major subject among coaches, team managers and sport scientists and it is gaining an increasing relevance day by day. Information and the relevant data processing are the key factors while referring to this aspect of the sport training methodology.
Currently the concept of “Match Analysis” is used in several countries to define the process of observing and evaluating a “whole of behaviours” performed by the players during a match, applying different methodologies and using specific instruments and tools,in order to:
1. collect and process the relevant data concerning the different features of games or athletic disciplines, under different points of view;
2. provide relevant presentations, appropriately formatted, in order to show the collected and processed data in an accessible way to all the concerned people, at different levels (i.e. coaches, players, sport scientists, officials, managers, journalists, etc.);
3. provide an interpretation of the collected and processed data, in order to define better some specific feature of the investigated performance (i.e. the physiological side of the performance or the biomechanics or the tactical features of a match or a game) with the ultimate aim of improving these aspects through the appropriate administration of the relevant training processes.
The aims of the thesis may be summarized as follows:
1. providing a large-scale overview of what is currently the role of the Match Analysis procedures in the general context of the training methodology;
2. analysing the professional profile (Study 1, Chapter 11) required to operate in this specific field and the attitudes of the possible Match Analysts, the Sport Sciences students, through a questionnaire purposely designed;
3. providing an example of Quantitative Biomechanics Analysis, (Study 2, Chapter 7) investigating a specific hockey technical skill, (the “Push”) often performed during a match in order to cope efficiently with the “Competition Invariants” situations (Free Hits, Corners, Penalty Stroke, etc.);
4. in order to define the relevant physiological performance indicators (match analysis, level 1) in field hockey, an extensive analysis of the motor abilities and the fitness levels has been carried out and presented (Study 3, chapter 7) for elite (international level) and sub-elite (national level) women hockey players;
5. describing some applied Qualitative and Quantitative Match Analysis procedures (Field Hockey, Football; Study 4 and 5, Chapter 8 and 13), through the process of:
· analysing the commercial Video Match Analysis software available on the market at date;
· using a video match analysis commercial software to collect data at international/national level in team sports such as Field Hockey and Football;
· designing a new software able to improve the efficiency of the used video data base;
· analysing the collected information, by the means of Data Mining, in order to provide the relevant Performance Predictors, suitable to improve the training processes and to help consistently the work of coaches even in real-time situations.
Some final considerations are provided, suggesting the need for more and further investigations for the most part of the third level of analysis (General Strategy and Tactic). A greater involvement of the Universities is needed in order to qualify the future Match Analysts, ensuring them the appropriate knowledge of several and different disciplines that combine a pertinent interdisciplinary approach
Exploring the age of taekwondo athletes in the Olympic Games: an analysis from Sydney 2000 to Rio 2016
No full textBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to quantify the age at which taekwondo athletes competed in the Olympic Games and to provide initial insights into weight category changes over time. METHODS: For the first analysis, the study included all 611 taekwondo athletes who competed in the Olympics between 2000 and 2016; for each sex, a three-way ANOVA(edition of Olympic Games, competitive achievement, weight category) was performed to detect differences in the age of athletes. For the second analysis, we considered all 109 taekwondo athletes who took part in more than one edition of the Olympics between 2000 and 2016; chi-squared goodness of fit tests were performed to study the number of participations and changes in weight category of these athletes. RESULTS: Female athletes, with a mean age of 23.8±4.1 years, are significantly younger (P=0.001) than their male counterparts, with a mean age of 25.1±3.9 years. In weight category, lighter athletes being younger than heavier ones in both females (22.7±3.7 vs. 24.5±4.2 years, P=0.04) and males (23.6±3.8 vs. 26.7±3.8 years, P=0.001; 24.2±3.5 vs. 26.7±3.8 years, P=0.001). When an athlete reaches Olympic competition several times, he/she generally competes in the same weight category (P=0.001) and takes part in two consecutive editions (P=0.001). Heavier athletes have greater longevity at Olympic level than lighter athletes (P=0.002). CONCLUSIONS: The current data provides important information for national federations engaged in the selection of athletes for Olympic competitions
Talent development environments in elite taekwondo population: a study within an Italian context
No full textBACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to analyze the quality perception of the main talent development environments within the elite taekwondo population, through the Talent Development Environment Questionnaire (TDEQ-5). METHODS: The TDEQ-5 was given to 107 top level athletes from the Italian National Team and from 12 domestic clubs. An exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was carried out and the descriptive statistics were measured for all the individual item scores; for each factor the independent t-tests were carried out to identify differences in scores between the National and the Club environments. RESULTS: The EFA revealed four principal components (56.68%). These four factors reported good reliability values (α= from 0.63 to 0.93) and significant correlations. The development environments were positively perceived by the athletes, with factor 1 being the highest performing component and factor 2 the weakest. Factor 1 was identified as the strength of the Club environment, while factor 2 as the area of improvement for the National environment. The scale values of factors 1, 2 and 3 were significantly higher (P<0.01) in the Club environment. The item-by-item analysis revealed the presence of three strengths and six areas of improvement in the national environment, eleven strengths and no areas of improvement in the Club environment. CONCLUSIONS: Our study highlights the strengths and weaknesses of the different development environments surveyed and may allow to plan targeted interventions to increase the perception of quality of the talent development environments, thus allowing the stakeholders to optimize their work
Relationships between high intensity running and outcome of technical-tactical skills in professional soccer players during match play
No full textThis study aimed to investigate the relationships between high-intensity activities (HIA: speed, acceleration,
Metabolic Power) and the outcomes of some technical-tactical skills in professional soccer players (n=610, age 26.8±7.0)
during 50 games of the Italian “SERIE A” season 2013-2014. The analysis was carried out through a semi-automatic match
analysis video-system. Each technical skill was automatically recognized and the number of events that overcame the threshold
values we set as significant for high intensity activities, within 5s before the execution. Shots on goal showed that the HIA
might be a discriminant factor in the outcomes (71.1% Success vs 61.5% Not Success, χ2 test, p<0.001). Crossing is clearly
influenced by one preceding HIA (p<0.001). This study provides important insights referring to the different physical
components occurring before performing a technical skill, highlighting the need of a close cooperation among coaches and
physical trainers when assessing a match and designing the training programs
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