6 research outputs found
Aponogeton distachyos (BOL218593)
No full textKingdom: PlantaeDivision: MagnoliophytaClass: MonocotsOrder: AlismatalesFamily: AponogetonaceaeScientific name: Aponogeton distachyos L.f.Specimen barcode: BOL21859
Improving the responses of the Australian community land surface model (CABLE) to seasonal drought
No full textCorrect representations of root functioning, such as root water uptake and hydraulic redistribution, are critically important for modeling the responses of vegetation to droughts and seasonal changes in soil moisture content. However, these processes are poorly represented in global land surface models. In this study, we incorporated two root functions: a root water uptake function which assumes root water uptake efficiency varies with rooting depth, and a hydraulic redistribution function into a global land surface model, CABLE. The water uptake function developed by Lai and Katul (2000) was also compared with the default one (see Wang et al., 2010) that assumes that efficiency of water uptake per unit root length is constant. Using eddy flux measurements of CO 2 and water vapor fluxes at three sites experiencing different patterns of seasonal changes in soil water content, we showed that the two root functions significantly improved the agreement between the simulated fluxes of net ecosystem exchange and latent heat flux and soil moisture dynamics with those observed during the dry season while having little impact on the model simulation during the wet seasons at all three sites. Sensitivity analysis showed that varying several model parameters influencing soil water dynamics in CABLE did not significantly affect the model's performance. We conclude that these root functions represent a valuable improvement for land surface modeling and should be implemented into CABLE and other land surface models for studying carbon and water dynamics where rainfall varies seasonally or interannually. © 2012. American Geophysical Union. All Rights Reserved
The burden of diabetes-associated multiple long-term conditions on years of life spent and lost
No full textDiabetes mellitus is a central driver of multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), but population-based studies have not clearly characterized the burden across the life course. We estimated the age of onset, years of life spent and loss associated with diabetes-related MLTCs among 46 million English adults. We found that morbidity patterns extend beyond classic diabetes complications and accelerate the onset of severe MLTCs by 20 years earlier in life in women and 15 years earlier in men. By the age of 50 years, one-third of those with diabetes have at least three conditions, spend >20 years with them and die 11 years earlier than the general population. Each additional condition at the age of 50 years is associated with four fewer years of life. Hypertension, depression, cancer and coronary heart disease contribute heavily to MLTCs in older age and create the greatest community-level burden on years spent (813 to 3,908 years per 1,000 individuals) and lost (900 to 1,417 years per 1,000 individuals). However, in younger adulthood, depression, severe mental illness, learning disabilities, alcohol dependence and asthma have larger roles, and when they occur, all except alcohol dependence were associated with long periods of life spent (11–14 years) and all except asthma associated with many years of life lost (11–15 years). These findings provide a baseline for population monitoring and underscore the need to prioritize effective prevention and management approaches.</p
sj-pdf-1-jrs-10.1177_01410768231206033 - Supplemental material for Prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) in England: a whole population study of over 60 million people
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-jrs-10.1177_01410768231206033 for Prevalence of multiple long-term conditions (multimorbidity) in England: a whole population study of over 60 million people by Jonathan Valabhji, Emma Barron, Adrian Pratt, Nasrin Hafezparast, Rupert Dunbar-Rees, Ellie Bragan Turner, Kate Roberts, Jacqueline Mathews, Robbie Deegan, Victoria Cornelius, Jason Pickles, Gary Wainman, Chirag Bakhai, Desmond G Johnston, Edward W Gregg and Kamlesh Khunti in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine</p
Association between the English National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme and incident multiple long-term conditions
No full textExisting evaluations of the National Health Service Diabetes Prevention Programme (NHS DPP) in England have demonstrated associated reductions in body weight, hemoglobin A1c and incident type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this study, we examined associations between completion of the NHS DPP and incidence of T2D and 30 other long-term conditions (LTCs), including LTCs considered linked to the programʼs interventional goals of body weight reduction, increased physical activity and improved diet quality (LTC-L) and LTCs considered to be possibly linked to those goals (LTC-PL). We found that completers of the NHS DPP had lower incidences of T2D, LTC-L and LTC-PL compared to non-attenders. Although these associations attenuated over time, they remained significant for all outcomes at 24 months with an odds ratio of 0.53 (95% confidence interval: 0.48–0.59) for T2D and rate ratios of 0.79 (0.74–0.84) and 0.80 (0.74–0.88) for LTC-L and LTC-PL, respectively. However, we were not able to directly conclude whether lower incidence rates were a direct result of completing the NHS DPP or due to residual bias stemming from unmeasured confounding and imprecision in the estimation of diagnosis.</p
New stories of identity: Alternatives to suspension and exclusion from school
No full textSchool suspension and exclusion practices are currently under the spotlight. Many schools go to great lengths before employing these disciplinary options. However even in the midst of practices of care for young people, very little attention is paid to the discursive conditions in which exclusion and suspension arise. In this thesis I theorise and research an alternative response to suspension and exclusion. I engage in post-structuralist discursive analysis to propose that young peoples’ actions, including unacceptable behaviours, are not so much evidence of a personality to be fixed, managed or disciplined, as they are the effect of prevailing discourses about how young people ought to act. Calling on narrative therapy practice I then propose that young people’s discursively shaped identity stories and reputations can be re-authored within communities of care. Such re-authoring produces a range of changes including in a young person’s actions at school.
In this study I use case examples from two New Zealand schools to demonstrate how prevailing discourses shape the language and responses of participants at times which may lead to suspension or exclusion from school being considered. I explore how the development of alternative identity stories and reputations for young people can lead to significant changes in young peoples’ actions and those of their teachers at school. To achieve this I analyse interview transcripts and school records concerning a situation which led to a suspension. I highlight the presence and effect of prevailing discourses (discursive analysis), and the way participants’ words intend a desired effect (performative language) and draw on familiar stories to enhance desired effect (intertextuality). In this thesis I offer a critique of rationalist interpretations of young peoples’ actions, and explore alternative discursive and narrative models of interpreting and responding to young peoples’ actions.
My research findings highlight: the effectiveness of discursive awareness and re-authoring as a response to young people at times of suspension and exclusion being considered; the need for on-going support for emerging alternative reputations; the need for cultural safety and awareness in providing a place for Pakeha researchers to work effectively with Māori young people and communities; and the need for discursive and narrative practices to be offered in dialogue with schools’ particular ethical purposes. I argue that the practices I research in this thesis offer a way for schools to further reduce the use of suspensions and exclusions at school
