385,319 research outputs found
CHANGES IN RUNNING GAIT PARAMETERS DURING A 161 KM TRAIL RACE
No full textThe current study examined changes in running speed and technique during a 161 km trail race and their relationship to performance. Sixteen participants were video recorded during continuous running for each of the five 32 km loops of the race. Participant's stride length (SL), stride rate (SR), and speed were calculated. Lap and finish times were also collated from the race results. All variables changed significantly during the race (i.e. Speed↓, Lap time↑, SL↓ and SR↓). Increased consistency in stride rate and length across the five laps, as well as speed, correlated positively with performance. Increased stride length in laps one, two and four correlated positively with performance. Results indicated that fatigue during the race decreased both speed and SL. Better performers ran faster with a longer SL and were able to maintain their initial speed for longer
Class of 1903 graduate William G. Hare
No full textPacific University class of 1903 graduate William G. Hare in the early 1940's. Hare was a member of the Pacific University Board of Trustees from 1921 to 1926.[Back] Photo by Hans Running; Pacific University Library Forest Grove, Oregon; Hare, William G; Please Return To Pacific University Forest Grove. Oregon; 1 col. - 12 cm; students and alumni G-H; 35441; W. G. Hare
Barefoot running improves economy at high intensities and peak treadmill velocity
No full textAim: Barefoot running can improve running economy (RE) compared to shod running at low exercise intensities, but data is lacking for the higher intensities typical during many distance running competitions. The influence of barefoot running on the velocity at maximal oxygen uptake (vVO2max) and peak incremental treadmill test velocity (vmax) is unknown. The present study tested the hypotheses that barefoot running would improve RE, vVO2max and vmax relative to shod running.
Methods: Using a balanced within-subject repeated measures design, eight male runners (aged 23.1±4.5 years, height 1.80±0.06 m, mass 73.8±11.5 kg, VO2max 4.08±0.39 L·min-1) completed a familiarization followed by one barefoot and one shod treadmill running trial, 2-14 days apart. Trial sessions consisted of a 5 minute warm-up, 5 minute rest, followed by 4×4 minute stages, at speeds corresponding to ~67, 75, 84 and 91% shod VO2max respectively, separated by a 1 minute rest. After the 4th stage treadmill speed was incremented by 0.1 km·h-1 every 15 s until participants reached volitional exhaustion.
Results: RE was improved by 4.4±7.0% across intensities in the barefoot condition (P=0.040). The improvement in RE was related to removed shoe mass (r2=0.80, P=0.003) with an intercept at 0% improvement for RE at 0.520 kg total shoe mass. Both vVO2max (by 4.5±5.0%, P=0.048) and vmax (by 3.9±4.0%, P=0.030) also improved but VO2max was unchanged (p=0.747).
Conclusion: Barefoot running improves RE at high exercise intensities and increases vVO2max and vmax, but further research is required to clarify the influence of very light shoe weights on RE
Maximal physiological responses to deep and shallow water running.
No full textThe maximal physiological responses to treadmill running (TMR), shallow water running (SWR) and deep water running (DWR) while wearing a buoyancy vest were compared in 15 trained male runners. Measurements included oxygen consumption (VO2 max), respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and heart rate (HR). Treadmill running elicited VO2 max and HRmax, which were higher than the peaks attained in both water tests (p < 0.01). VO2 peak averaged 83.7 and 75.3% of VO2 max for SWR and DWR respectively. Peak HR for SWR and DWR were 94.1 and 87.2% of the HRmax reached in the TMR. RER responses were similar between the three modalities. The observations suggest that the training stimulus provided by water is still adequate for supplementary training. While SWR is potentially an efficient method of maintaining cardiovascular fitness, it needs to be investigated further to establish if it is a viable technique for the injured athlete to employ
On the Relationship of Human Walking and Running: Automatic Person Identification by Gait
No full textThe intimate relationship between human walking and running lies within the skeleto-muscular structure. This is expressed as a mapping that can transform computer vision derived gait signatures from running to walking and vice versa, for purposes of deployment in gait as a biometric or for animation in computer graphics. The computer vision technique can extract leg motion by temporal template matching with a model defined by forced coupled oscillators as the basis. The (biometric) signature is derived from Fourier analysis of the variation in the motion of the thigh and lower leg. These signatures can be used for recognition by running or by walking. In fact, the mapping between these gait modes clusters better than the original signatures (of which running is the more potent) and can be used for recognition purposes alone, or to buttress both of the signatures. Moreover, the two signatures can be made invariant to gait mode by using the new mapping
Classes of 1940-41 at Pacific University
No full textMembers from the classes of 1940 and 1941 stand outside Mary Rockwood Cowan's house (class of 1940) in the 1940s.[back] Pacificana Students and Alumni -- group (with families); mostly classes of 1940-1 taken at Mary Rockwood Cowan's; Running & Cunningham Photographers 210 S. E. 3rd Avenue Forest Grove, Oregon; Please return to Pacific University Forest Grove, Oregon
Effect of Adopting Proper Running Form Techniques on Hip Strength in Healthy Females
No full textThe purpose of this study is to determine if instruction and practice in “proper” running form techniques strengthens the hip abductor and hip external rotator muscles and thereby reduce the risk of certain knee injuries such as patellofemoral pain syndrome and iliotibial band syndrome. Four healthy, college-aged female recreational runners completed this study. Subjects were randomly placed into a control and experimental group. Both groups ran within a controlled range of 12-16 miles per week on a treadmill for six weeks, and were measured for hip strength at the first week, third week, and sixth week of the running protocol. Isometric hip abduction and hip external rotation strengths were measured with a hand-held dynamometer. The experimental group received 3-sessions of proper running form instruction. Six separate two-way ANOVA tests were performed to identify changes in hip abductor and hip external rotator strength over time and intervention. Due to the small sample size, no statistically significant results were found, but there was an observed trend in increased hip abduction strength and increased hip muscle strength symmetry in the experimental group. This suggests a need for future studies with a larger sample size
On the run: perspectives on long distance running.
No full textThe aim of this study was to develop a deeper understanding of the experiences of long distance
runners. An etlmographic research design was adopted to understand the nature of the social world of
long distance runners through interviews and observations which were thematically analysed. The
sample comprised twenty five international informants. The key theme emerging from the data was
the strength of identification that participants had with the activity of long distance running. This
theme was linked to the search for a running identity amongst participants, exploring how meaning
was created through engagement with the long distance running social world. In doing so, the study
also explored the enduring benefits of the activity and the high levels of effort, perseverance and
commitment displayed.
A number of other themes emerged that were seen as consequences of this sense of identification.
These included the central role of training and preparing to run, and how this contributed towards
participants sense of running identity. This theme included feelings of pain and suffering, confronting
problems of injury, and the role of time and space within the participants training regimes. The
extraordinary and authentic experiences at long distance running events was a dominant theme
incorporating the conflicting emotions of failure and glory, and the importance of travel within the
long distance running social world. Feelings of escape and an exploration of the role long distance
running fulfilled as a 'third place" outside of the home and work environment were explored,
incorporating ideas linked to social relations within the distance running social world. Similarly, the
desire to embrace a healthy lifestyle was a central concept, exploring themes linked to seeking self
esteem through participation, negative aspects associated with exercise addiction, and the role of the
'running body'. This study provided a series of linked themes exploring the culture of long distance
running, and in doing so developed a deeper. understanding of the participants running experiences,
contributing towards the body of knowledge on the unique social world of the long distance runne
Extended Model-Based Automatic Gait Recognition of Walking and Running
No full textGait is an emerging biometric. Current systems are either holistic or feature based and have been demonstrated to be able to recognise people by the way they walk. This paper describes a new system that extends the feature based approach to recognise people by the way they walk and run. A bilateral symmetric and coupled oscillator is the key concept that underlies this model, which includes both the upper and the lower leg. The gait signature is created from the phase-weighted magnitude of the lower order Fourier components of both the thigh and knee rotation. This technique has proved to be capable of recognising people when walking or running and future work intends to develop invariance attributes of walking or running for the new description
A new view of responses to first-time barefoot running.
No full textWe examined acute alterations in gait and oxygen cost from shod-to-barefoot running in habitually-shod well-trained runners with no prior experience of running barefoot. Thirteen runners completed six-minute treadmill runs shod and barefoot on separate days at a mean speed of 12.5 km·h-1. Steady-state oxygen cost in the final minute was recorded. Kinematic data were captured from 30-consecutive strides. Mean differences between conditions were estimated with 90% confidence intervals. When barefoot, stride length and ground-contact time decreased while stride rate increased. Leg-and vertical stiffness and ankle-mid-stance dorsi-flexion angle increased when barefoot while horizontal distance between point of contact and the hip decreased. Mean oxygen cost decreased in barefoot compared to shod running (90% CI -11% to -3%) and was related to change in ankle angle and point-of-contact distance, though individual variability was high (-19% to +8%). The results suggest that removal of shoes produces an alteration in running gait and a potentially-practically-beneficial reduction in mean oxygen cost of running in trained-habitually-shod runners new to running barefoot. However, high variability suggests an element of skill in adapting to the novel task and that caution be exercised in assuming the mean response applies to all runners
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