71 research outputs found
Proyecto plantas medicinales - Universidad del Valle
No full text<p>Proyecto plantas medicinales.</p>
<p>Jorge H. Ramírez</p>
<p>Universidad del Valle</p>
<p>--</p>
<p>Dec 10, 2014.</p>
<p>Co-author added: Atanas Atanasov. University of Vienna. </p>
<p> </p
DETERMINATION OF FREE HYDROCYANIC ACID IN HOMEMADE FRUIT BRANDIES
No full textFruit brandy is a traditional alcoholic beverage widely consumed in the Republic of N. Macedonia and other Balkan countries, produced by distillation of fermented fruits such as plum, apricot, quince and apple, using either homemade or industrial methods. This study aimed to evaluate the safety of 24 homemade fruit brandy samples by determining the content of free hydrocyanic acid (HCN), a potentially toxic compound. HCN is formed during alcoholic fermentation as a result of enzymatic hydrolysis of cyanogenic glycosides naturally present in fruit seeds. The quantification of free HCN was performed spectrophotometrically using König reaction, a colorimetric method based on the formation of cyanogen chloride, which reacts with pyridine and barbituric acid to form a stable pink complex with maximum absorbance at 580 nm. results were recalculated to a 100% v/v ethanol basis to allowed comparison with the EU legal limit of 70 mg/L. All samples were within the permissible safety threshold. The highest HCN concentration were found in apricot and apple brandies (up to 9.81 mg/L), while plum and quince brandies contained significantly lower levels. A moderate correlation was observed between HCN levels and several chemical parameters, including methanol, aldehydes, ethanol, total esters, furfural and fusel alcohols. These results suggest that fruit type, fermentation conditions and the extend of seed contact during the preparation of the fruit mash prior to fermentation play a critical role in HCN formation. This highlights the importance of controlled processing practices to ensure the safety of traditional fruit brandies
INFLUENCE OF THE TYPE OF FERMENTER ON THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF VRANEC AND MERLOT WINES
No full textIn this study, red wines from V. vinifera L. cv. Vranec and Merlot (harvest 2021) have been produced by three different fermentation methods, applying classical, roto and punch down fermenters, in order to study their influence on the wine quality. The chemical parameters that confirm the basic wine quality have been determined, including alcohol, dry extract, specific density, reducing sugars, total and volatile acidity, pH, free and total SO2. The Vranec wines contained relatively higher content of alcohol compared to the Merlot wines, due to the higher content of sugars in the grapes. Wines produced with roto fermenter presented higher values of dry extract and total acidity, compared to the wine produced with classical and punch down fermenters, which confirms that roto fermentation is most suitable for production of complex and structured wines. The alcohol content in all wines ranged from 12.08 to 12.4%, total acidity was between 5.8 to 6.3 g/L and the dry extract from 39 to 45 g/L, while the content of volatile acidity was in range from 0.41 to 0.45 g/L. All wines were dry wines, with content of reducing sugar lower than 4 g/L and all of them were well protected from the oxidation. It was concluded that the type of fermentation affected the wine quality, confirming that applied wine technology is important for production of quality red wines. 
Practical Points-to Analysis for Programs Built with Libraries
No full textTraditional whole-program analysis cannot be directly applied to programs that include precompiled libraries. Such programs could be analyzed separately from the included libraries by using precomputed summary information about each library. This paper describes one such separate analysis derived from Andersen’s whole program points-to analysis. The analysis uses a summary which is a compact representation of the points-to effects of all statements in the library. The summary is generated by substituting some of the library variables with placeholder variables. By replacing many variables with the same placeholder, we can reduce the size of the summary and the cost of the separate analysis. We use a substitution which summarizes the library effects without losing precision or exposing the internals of the library. Our experiments show that the cost of computing and storing the summary is practical, and that the substitution technique significantly reduces the cost of the separate analysis.Technical report DCS-TR-41
Points-to and Side-effect Analyses for Programs Built with Precompiled Libraries
No full textLarge programs are typically built from separate modules. Traditional whole-program analysis cannot be used in the context of such modular development. In this paper we consider analysis for programs that combine client modules with precompiled library modules. We define separate analyses that allow library modules and client modules to be analyzed separately from each other. Our target analyses are Andersen's points-to analysis and a side-effect analysis based on it. We perform separate points-to and side-effect analyses of a library module by using worst-case assumptions about the rest of the program. We also show how to construct summary information about a library module and how to use it for separate analysis of client modules. We present empirical results showing that the separate points-to analyses are practical even for large modules, and that the cost of constructing and storing library summaries is low. Our work is a step toward incorporating practical points-to and side-effect analyses in realistic compilers and software productivity tools.Technical report DCS-TR-42
Points-to analysis for Java based on annotated constraints
No full textThe goal of points-to analysis for Java is to determine the set of objects pointed to by a reference variable or a reference object field. In this paper we present a points-to analysis for Java based on Andersen’s points-to analysis for C [5]. Andersen’s analysis can be implemented efficiently by using systems of set-inclusion constraints and by employing several techniques for constraint representation and resolution. We extend these techniques to efficiently represent and solve systems of annotated inclusion constraints. The annotations play two roles in our analysis. Method annotations are used to model precisely and efficiently the semantics of virtual calls. Field annotations allow us to distinguish between different fields of an object. In addition, our analysis keeps track of all reachable methods and avoids analyzing irrelevant library code. We evaluate the performance of the analysis on a large set of realistic Java programs. Our experiments show that the analysis runs in practical time and space, and has significant impact on call graph construction, virtual call resolution, synchronization removal, stack-based object allocation, and object read-write information. The results show that our analysis is a realistic candidate for a relatively precise, practical, general-purpose points-to analysis for Java.Technical report DCS-TR-42
Influence of the type of fermenter on the chemical composition of Vranec and Merlot wines
No full textIn this study, red wines from V. vinifera L. cv. Vranec and Merlot (harvest 2021) have been produced by
three different fermentation methods, applying classical, roto and punch down fermenters, in order to study
their influence on the wine quality. The chemical parameters that confirm the basic wine quality have been
determined, including alcohol, dry extract, specific density, reducing sugars, total and volatile acidity, pH, free
and total SO2
. The Vranec wines contained relatively higher content of alcohol compared to the Merlot wines,
due to the higher content of sugars in the grapes. Wines produced with roto fermenter presented higher values
of dry extract and total acidity, compared to the wine produced with classical and punch down fermenters,
which confirms that roto fermentation is most suitable for production of complex and structured wines. The
alcohol content in all wines ranged from 12.08 to 12.4%, total acidity was between 5.8 to 6.3 g/L and the dry
extract from 39 to 45 g/L, while the content of volatile acidity was in range from 0.41 to 0.45 g/L. All wines
were dry wines, with content of reducing sugar lower than 4 g/L and all of them were well protected from the
oxidation. It was concluded that the type of fermentation affected the wine quality, confirming that applied
wine technology is important for production of quality red wines
Precise Call Graph Construction in the Presence of Function Pointers
No full textThe use of pointers creates serious problems for optimizing compilers and software engineering tools. Pointers enable indirect memory accesses through pointer dereferences, as well as indirect procedure calls (e.g., through function pointers in C). Such indirect accesses and calls can be disambiguated with pointer analysis. In this paper we evaluate the precision of a pointer analysis by Zhang et al. [17] for the purposes of call graph construction for C programs with function pointers. The analysis uses an inexpensive, almost-linear, flow- and context-insensitive algorithm. To measure analysis precision, we compare the call graph computed by the analysis with the most precise call graph obtainable by a large category of pointer analyses. Surprisingly, for all our data programs the analysis from [17] achieves the best possible precision. This result indicates that for the purposes of call graph construction, even inexpensive analyses can provide very good precision, and therefore the use of more expensive analyses may not be justified.Technical report DCS-TR-44
Points-to analysis for Java using annotated inclusion constraints
No full textThe goal of points-to analysis for Java is to determine the set of objects pointed to by a reference variable or a reference object field. In this paper we define and evaluate a points-to analysis for Java which extends Andersen’s points-to analysis for C [4]. Andersen’s analysis for C can be implemented efficiently by using systems of set-inclusion constraints and by employing several techniques for constraint representation and resolution. We extend these techniques to efficiently represent and solve systems of annotated inclusion constraints. The annotations play two roles in our analysis. Method annotations are used to model precisely and efficiently the semantics of virtual calls. Field annotations allow us to distinguish the flow of values through different fields of an object. In addition, our analysis keeps track of all methods reachable from the entry point of the program, and avoids analyzing dead library code. We evaluate the performance of the analysis on a large set of realistic Java programs. Our results show that the analysis is practical and therefore will be useful as a relatively precise general-purpose points-to analysis for Java. The experiments also show that the points-to solution has significant impact on call graph construction, virtual call resolution, elimination of unnecessary synchronization, and stack-based object allocation.Technical report DCS-TR-41
Parameterized object sensitivity for points-to and side-effect analyses for Java
No full textThe goal of points-to analysis for Java is to determine the set of objects pointed to by a reference variable or a reference object field. Improving the precision of practical points-to analysis is important because points-to information has a wide variety of client applications in optimizing compilers and software engineering tools. In this paper we present object sensitivity, a new approach to context-sensitive flow insensitive points-to analysis for Java. The key idea of our approach is to analyze a method separately for each of the objects on which this method is invoked. To ensure flexibility and practicality, we propose a parameterization framework which allows analysis designers to control the cost precision tradeoffs of the object-sensitive analysis. Side-effect analysis determines the memory locations that can be modified by the execution of a program statement. This information is needed for various compiler optimizations and software engineering tools. We present a new form of side-effect analysis for Java which is based on object sensitive points-to analysis. We have implemented one instantiation of our parameterized object-sensitive points-to analysis. We compare this instantiation with a context-insensitive points-to analysis for Java which is based on Andersen’s analysis for C [4]. On a set of 23 realistic Java programs, our experiments show that the two analyses have comparable cost. In some cases the object-sensitive analysis is actually faster than the context sensitive analysis. Our results also show that object sensitivity significantly improves the precision of side-effect analysis, call graph construction, and virtual call resolution. Our empirical results demonstrate that object-sensitive analyses are capable of achieving significantly better precision than context-insensitive ones, while at the same time remaining efficient and practical. Thus, object-sensitive analysis is a better candidate for a relatively precise, practical, general-purpose points-to analysis for Java.Technical report DCS-TR-47
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