98 research outputs found
Discrimination against Roma: Evidence from two survey experiments in Norway
No full textNorway has a history of tough assimilation of the first migration of Roma people, known as the Tater/Romani people. The state introduced laws that discriminated against the Tater/Romani people. This article traces the international and national developments from discriminatory laws to laws against discrimination in Norway. With the recent appearance of immigrant Roma from Eastern Europe, Roma are once again on the political agenda of West European countries. Despite the many laws against discrimination that are now in place, this article demonstrates that the public still discriminates against Roma people. Two survey experiments reveal that the Roma are being directly discriminated against within the Norwegian society and indirectly discriminated against compared to other European Economic Area (EEA) immigrants. The article suggests that this could be related to a history of antiziganism in society. Furthermore, it appears that such attitudes are not easily changed by laws but demands broad social mobilisation.publishedVersio
Identifying opposition against increased carbon tax and reduced red meat consumption
No full textIdentifying the individual characteristics that predict climate policy support can inform strategies to increase support for climate policies. This study examines how individual characteristics predict support for two policies that are central to the Norwegian Climate Plan, namely increasing the carbon tax and reducing red meat consumption. The study relies on survey data collected from a representative sample of Norwegian citizens (N=2001). The findings show that several individual characteristics negatively predict both carbon tax support and willingness to eat less red meat: 1) being less concerned about climate change, 2) having right-wing political orientation, 3) having lower trust in politicians, 4) living in rural areas, 5) having lower education, and 6) being male. Strategies to increase support for carbon tax and meat reduction should pay particular attention to these groups. Future research should address how to make climate policies more attractive among these segments of the population.publishedVersio
Private action for public purpose: Examining the growth of falck, the world’s largest rescue company
No full text© The Editor(s) and The Author(s) 2017. This book analyses the private provision of rescue and emergency services, and focuses on the emergence of the world’s largest rescue company, Falck. The author’s structured academic perspective is informed through close co-operation with Falck, which operates in 44 countries and across 6 continents. The chapters examine aspects of reliability, culture, innovation, trust, governance and business development within rescue and emergency services, including differentiation, internationalisation and globalisation. Drawing on detailed case studies of Falck’s global work in the USA, Columbia, India and Denmark, Private Action for Public Purpose is instructive for students and researchers of business and management, and will provide value for emergency responders, managers, policy-makers and organisations involved in emergency response and crisis management
Identifying opposition against increased carbon tax and reduced red meat consumption
No full textIdentifying the individual characteristics that predict climate policy support can inform strategies to increase support for climate policies. This study examines how individual characteristics predict support for two policies that are central to the Norwegian Climate Plan, namely increasing the carbon tax and reducing red meat consumption. The study relies on survey data collected from a representative sample of Norwegian citizens (N=2001). The findings show that several individual characteristics negatively predict both carbon tax support and willingness to eat less red meat: 1) being less concerned about climate change, 2) having right-wing political orientation, 3) having lower trust in politicians, 4) living in rural areas, 5) having lower education, and 6) being male. Strategies to increase support for carbon tax and meat reduction should pay particular attention to these groups. Future research should address how to make climate policies more attractive among these segments of the population
How politicians and the population attribute responsibility for climate change mitigation: no indication of a ‘governance trap’ in Norway
No full textPrevious research claims that ‘the most significant risk’ to achieving climate change mitigation goals is the ‘governance trap’, whereby governments and the public attribute responsibility for action to one another. While it is well documented that individuals call for political action on climate change, there is limited knowledge about how politicians attribute responsibility for climate change mitigation. The present study examines whether there is evidence of a ‘governance trap’ in Norway, by using two online surveys to compare how politicians (N = 1211) and the population (N = 2030) attribute responsibility for climate change mitigation to individuals, the local and regional authorities, the national authorities, the international community, and business and industry. Contrary to expectations, politicians and the population attribute responsibility to the actors in the same order. Thereby, the study contests the assumption that governments attribute primary responsibility for climate change mitigation to the population.publishedVersio
New Policies, Old Attitudes? - Discrimination against Roma in Norway
No full textNorway has a long history of discrimination against a group of Roma, namely the Tater/Romani people. In 1998, the Norwegian authorities officially apologised for the way in which the Tater/Romani people had been treated. A few years later, another group of Roma started coming to Norway from Eastern Europe to make a living through begging. By the time these individuals came to Norway laws against discrimination were in place, but we have seen many examples of hateful speech or acts directed against Roma people. The research question of this thesis is: To what extent do Norwegian citizens’ attitudes towards Roma reflect the ideals embedded in the laws against discrimination? To answer this question, I use secondary literature to examine the history of Roma and antiziganism in Norway. I also document the political efforts that have been made to limit discrimination in Norway. I then discuss theories on why one would think the ideals of the anti-discrimination laws have been met. I use survey experiments to examine attitudes towards immigrant Roma and find that despite the tremendous political change described in the first part of the thesis, there is not equal treatment of the Roma minority in Norway today
Mellan handlingsfrihet och regler - Första linjens chefers syn på möjligheten att påverka sitt handlingsutrymme
No full textAuthor: Suzanna Falck and Pernilla Wagland Title: Between discretion and rules - First-line managers' views on the possibility to influence. [translated title] Supervisor: Karin Kullberg Assessor: Christina Erneling The aim of our study was to examine how the relationship between rules and discretion was seen by first-line managers in the municipal eldercare. What interested us was what discretion meant in practice. We chose to interview first-line managers because that position can be problematic when one is in a so-called intermediate position. We also chose to examine different factors affecting their use of discretion. One factor we studied was what the first-line managers felt most controlled by, for instance the requirements from their staff and their superior managers. One of our purposes was to find out if the first-line managers felt they could influence how their department operates. We also wanted to find out if they thought they had something to say, if they thought their opinion counted and if it would make a difference. Some of our most interesting results were: • The majority of our interview subjects considered that the requirements are perceived as higher by staff and relatives than by politicians and superior managers. • First-line managers are controlled by the laws they need to follow, such as the Social Services Act, the Health Act and the Work Environment Act. • Politicians and social welfare board decisions, budgets, policies and savings requirements are also something that controls the first-line managers. • Despite the intermediate position the majority of our interview subjects considered that they had great potential to influence and change. Much of the work as first-line manager is limited by budget and savings requirements, but our interview subjects have nonetheless given us a positive image of their freedom of action
Expressing one’s conceptions of lifestyle in a climate perspective
No full textThe present study employs an open-ended survey question from an online survey panel in Norway to explore ordinary citizens’ reasoning for supporting or opposing individual climate action. Through a mixed-methods approach, seven frequent themes among the answers are identified. These themes are then analysed with a dialogical perspective on the way in which the answers relate to and reply to climate change discourses circulating in society. The evidence from this study suggests that justification of lifestyle choices depends on questions related to the causes of climate change, the importance (or not) of the contribution of individual action, and moral preoccupations.La présente étude exploite les données d’une enquête en ligne en Norvège, qui visait à recueillir les arguments de citoyens ordinaires au sujet de leur soutien ou non à une action individuelle en faveur du climat. Grâce à la méthode mixte, sept thèmes récurrents parmi les réponses ont été identifiés et analysés. De plus, grâce au dialogisme, lumière a été faite sur la manière dont ces réponses se rapportent et répondent aux discours sur le changement climatique qui circulent dans la société. Les résultats laissent penser que la justification des choix de vie est liée aux causes du changement climatique, à l’importance (ou non) de l’apport de l’action individuelle et aux préoccupations d’ordre moral
Aga institute Rapid Recommendations for Gastrointestinal Procedures During the Covid-19 Pandemic:
No full textAga Institute Rapid Review of the Gi and Liver Manifestations of Covid-19, Meta-Analysis of International Data, and Recommendations for the Consultative Management of Patients with Covid-19:
No full textBackground & aims: Multiple gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms, including diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver enzyme abnormalities, have been variably reported in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This document provides best practice statements and recommendations for consultative management based on a systematic review and meta-analysis of international data on GI and liver manifestations of COVID-19. Methods: We performed a systematic literature search to identify published and unpublished studies using OVID Medline and preprint servers (medRxiv, LitCovid, and SSRN) up until April 5, 2020; major journal sites were monitored for US publications until April 19, 2020. We pooled the prevalence of diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain, as well as liver function tests abnormalities, using a fixed-effect model and assessed the certainty of evidence using the GRADE (Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation) framework. Results: We identified 118 studies and used a hierarchal study selection process to identify unique cohorts. We performed a meta-analysis of 47 studies including 10,890 unique patients. Pooled prevalence estimates of GI symptoms were as follows: diarrhea 7.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.2%-8.2%), nausea/vomiting 7.8% (95% CI, 7.1%-8.5%), and abdominal pain 2.7% (95% CI, 2.0%-3.4%). Most studies reported on hospitalized patients. The pooled prevalence estimates of elevated liver abnormalities were as follows: aspartate transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%-16.5%) and alanine transaminase 15.0% (95% CI, 13.6%-16.4%). When we compared studies from China to studies from other countries in subgroup analyses, diarrhea, nausea/vomiting, and liver abnormalities were more prevalent outside of China, with diarrhea reported in 18.3% (95% CI, 16.6%-20.1%). Isolated GI symptoms were reported rarely. We also summarized the Gl and liver adverse effects of the most commonly utilized medications for COVID-19. Conclusions: GI symptoms are associated with COVID-19 in <10% of patients. In studies outside of China, estimates are higher. Further studies are needed with standardized GI symptoms questionnaires and liver function test checks on admission to better quantify and qualify the association of these symptoms with COVID-19. Based on findings from our meta-analysis, we provide several Best Practice Statements for the consultative management of COVID-19. Keywords: COVID-19; Gastrointestinal and Liver Manifestations
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