3,412 research outputs found
Crossing boundaries in conservation physiology
No full textAbstract not available.Sean Tomlinson, Jodie L. Rummer, Kevin R. Hultine and Steven J. Cook
Inter-reciprocity applied to electrical networks
No full textElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
'Twas on the beach at Brighton one fine Summer day, I met this handsome man who stole my heart away [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceTo Wm. Lingard, Author & Singerads on inside back cover for J.L. Peters stock353-3Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
053, Item 027W.D. Raphaelson.Sung by LingardPaleri[?
'Twas on the beach at Brighton one fine Summer day, I met this handsome man who stole my heart away [first line of chorus]
No full textstrophic with choruspiano and voiceTo Wm. Lingard, Author & Singerads on inside back cover for J.L. Peters stock353-3Johns Hopkins University, Levy Sheet Music Collection, Box
053, Item 027W.D. Raphaelson.Sung by LingardPaleri[?
Feasibility Study of a Balanced Upper Arm Orthosis based on Bending Beams
No full textPeople with neuromuscular diseases request an orthosis close to the body for assistance with their arm movements. This paper proposes a concept for a passive arm support that is close to the body and is based on bending beams. Simulations resulted in the final configuration and dimensions of the beams, optimised to balance an arm. One Carbon-fibre-reinforced polymer beam with dimensions 0.22x0.0041x0.0027m at the medial side and one at the lateral side of the upper arm delivers the required energy for balancing the arm. Experimental evaluation of a prototype demonstrated the technical principle; more than 87% of the moment around the shoulder was balanced between 0 and 1.1rad. A second prototype was built for preliminary evaluation of the concept in relation to the body. The width of the elastic and structural elements was more than four times smaller than in present arm supports. From this it was concluded that bending beams have the potential to make an orthosis that is closer to the upper arm than current orthoses.BMEBioMechanical EngineeringMechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Incidents of Travel in Egypt, Arabia Petraea, and the Holy Land. by J.L. Stephens, author of Incidents of travel in Greece, Turkey, Russia, and Poland.Edinburgh published by William and Robert Chambers. and sold by all booksellers 1839.
No full textPreface: as Prefatory noticeDedication:Content description: Detailed contentsPagination: PP4+119PVolumes: 1Edition:6thText Genre:Journa
J.L. Brierly and The Modernization of International Law
No full textIn this Article, the author provides an analysis of a classic of international law, The Law of Nations, by J.L. Brierly. The author describes Brierly as an international legal scholar whose modernization of international law involves an emphasis on fact and complexity, an emphasis that is ultimately little more than a gesture. The author then examines the narrative structure of The Law of Nations and indicates the normative messages disclosed in Brierly\u27s telling of the story of international law. Finally, the author describes Brierly\u27s effort to describe international law as occupying a political realm while Brierly\u27s evolutionary optimism made him anything but a political realist. In short, the author sees in Brierly\u27s promises of complexity and realism a thinly veiled simplicity that would be subsumed into the orthodoxies of international legal thought
Experimental application of a dynamic observer to capture and predict the dynamics of a flat-plate boundary layer
No full textThe recent approach, proposed by Guzman-Inigo et al. \cite{GuzmanInigo2014}, using System Identification to derive a Reduced Order Model from snapshots of a flow is applied to a transitional boundary layer growing over a flat-plate. It is shown that such an approach can indeed be applied to experimental PIV snapshots. Using a proper learning dataset and a proper local sensor, it is shown that the evolution of boundary layer can be properly estimated from the time evolution of the local probe and with no more than ten POD modes for the Reduced Order Model. The influence of the various parameters on the efficiency of the system identification technique is discussed
Gas transport and exchange: interaction between O2 and CO2 exchange
No full textThe interaction between O2 and CO2 in the general circulation of fish exists at the level of hemoglobin within the red blood cell, and is determined largely by the magnitude of the Bohr and Haldane effects. Assuming steady-state conditions, a Bohr–Haldane coefficient of 0.35–0.5 (0.5 × the respiratory quotient, RQ) is optimal for tissue O2 delivery (excluding the swimbladder and eye), and greater values may be important for CO2 excretion and acid–base homeostasis. Many teleosts possess a nonlinear Bohr–Haldane coefficient over the oxygen-equilibrium curve (OEC), which alters the nature of the interaction when different regions of the OEC are used for gas exchange. Recent in vivo experiments indicate that Bohr–Haldane coefficients close to RQ (typically 0.7–1.0) may play an important role in facilitating tissue O2 delivery in vivo likely due to the existence of large disequilibrium states in the blood
Beyond buoyancy and vision: the potential for the Root effect to deliver oxygen to tissues other than the swim bladder and eye
No full textTeleost fish possess a unique, pH-sensitive hemoglobin (Hb) that, in the presence of an acidosis, substantially reduces the affinity and carrying capacity for O₂ (Root effect). To date, this efficient O₂ delivery mechanism is only known for filling a swim bladder (SB) against huge pressure gradients (> 50 atm) associated with depth and for oxygenating the metabolically active, yet avascular retinal tissue of the eye. In spite of the clear benefits to O₂ delivery for buoyancy and vision, no study has been conducted to determine whether the Root effect may be important in optimizing O₂ delivery to other tissues such as muscle, which is the focus of this research.During environmental or exercise-induced stress, blood pH may fall; however, some fish regulate red blood cell (RBC) intracellular pH (pHi) by releasing catecholamines that activate the sodium/proton (Na⁺/H⁺) exchanger (βNHE) on the RBC membrane. The βNHE removes H⁺s from the RBC resulting in an intracellular alkalosis, an increase in Hb–O₂ affinity, and O₂ uptake at the respiratory surfaces is safeguarded, which is the ultimate goal of this mechanism. In our proposed model, when adrenergically stimulated blood encounters plasma-accessible carbonic anhydrase (CA), an enzyme found in the RBC but also membrane-bound and potentially plasma-accessible in select locations, it will catalyze H⁺s removed from the RBC to form CO₂. This CO₂ will back-diffuse into the RBC creating an intracellular acidosis (extracellular alkalosis), reducing Hb–O₂ affinity, and ultimately elevating PO₂ via the Root effect. We created an in vitro closed system using rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) blood where we can (1) simulate an acid-induced Root effect, (2) adrenergically stimulate the RBCs, and finally (3) short-circuit the βNHE via CA (CA-mediated Root effect), all of which can be monitored in real-time ( Fig. 1). Data generated currently support our Hypothesis: adrenergic RBC pH regulation can be short-circuited in the presence of plasma-accessible CA, therefore generating a Root effect increase in PO₂. In fact, if this scenario also occurs in the tissues of O. mykiss, CA-mediated short-circuiting of adrenergic pH regulation can facilitate an increase in PO₂ over 30 times that which would be generated in vertebrates possessing only a Bohr shift! We are ready to test our model in vivo by implanting fiber-optic O₂ sensors in O. mykiss muscle while simulating environmental and exercise stress with and without CA blockers. Furthermore, even though CA is not found in general circulation, there are membrane-bound and potentially plasma-accessible isoforms in muscle endothelia, and research is underway to localize this enzyme to understand the relationship between location and function of the short-circuiting.
Teleost fish, which are more numerous than all other vertebrates combined (terrestrial and aquatic), have evolved an extraordinary O₂ delivery mechanism, the Root effect, that allows O₂ delivery to the eye and to the SB, thus allowing efficient buoyancy regulation, which may be one of the most important factors responsible for the extensive adaptive radiation in teleost fishes. Therefore, it is particularly interesting that the Root effect has not yet been investigated for general O₂ delivery. If the Root effect can also facilitate general O₂ delivery in vivo, which our data currently support, this would help shed insight into how the Root effect was selected for prior to the evolution of the βNHE, choroid gland and retia of the eye, and the gas gland and rete mirabile associated with the SB
- …
