3,012 research outputs found
The Regional Appropriateness of Monetary Policy: An Application of Taylor’s Rule to Australian States and Territories
No full textIn recent years Taylor’s rule has become a widely used tool for assessing the stance of monetary policy. Not only has it been used to evaluate the U.S. Federal Reserve’s monetary policy, but also, for example, to evaluate the appropriateness of the European Central Bank’s monetary policy for each individual member nation of the European Monetary Union. This paper builds on this work and uses Taylor’s rule to evaluate the degree of appropriateness of Australia’s national monetary policy to each of Australia’s states and territories. National monetary policy is represented by the overnight cash rate and this is compared to a notional cash rate calculated for each individual state and territory. The aim is to illustrate the extent to which national monetary policy historically may have deviated from what might have been most appropriate for the economic conditions of each state and territory. To this end, three different recent monetary policy episodes are analysed from a regional perspective. Moreover, an analysis of the disparities between the Australian states’ and territories’ notional cash rates with the actual national cash rate suggests – perhaps not too surprisingly - that the Reserve Bank of Australia implicitly sets national cash rates in close accordance with the economic conditions of Australia’s two most populous states.Taylor’s rule, monetary policy, Reserve Bank of Australia, regional
Extensible automated constraint modelling via refinement of abstract problem specifications
No full textConstraint Programming (CP) is a powerful technique for solving large-scale combinatorial (optimisation) problems. Constraint solving a given problem proceeds in two phases: modelling and solving. Effective modelling has an huge impact on the performance of the solving process. This thesis presents a framework in which the users are not required to make modelling decisions, concrete CP models are automatically generated from a high level problem specification. In this framework, modelling decisions are encoded as generic rewrite rules applicable to many different problems.
First, modelling decisions are divided into two broad categories. This categorisation guides the automation of each kind of modelling decision and also leads us to the architecture of the automated modelling tool.
Second, a domain-specific declarative rewrite rule language is introduced. Thanks to the rule language, automated modelling transformations and the core system are decoupled. The rule language greatly increases the extensibility and maintainability of the rewrite rules database. The database of rules represents the modelling knowledge acquired after analysis of expert models. This database must be easily extensible to best benefit from the active research on constraint modelling.
Third, the automated modelling system Conjure is implemented as a realisation of these ideas; having an implementation enables empirical testing of the quality of generated models. The ease with which rewrite rules can be encoded to produce good models is shown. Furthermore, thanks to the generality of the system, one needs to add a very small number of rules to encode many transformations.
Finally, the work is evaluated by comparing the generated models to expert models found in the literature for a wide variety of benchmark problems. This evaluation confirms the hypothesis that expert models can be automatically generated starting from high level problem specifications. An method of automatically identifying good models is also presented.
In summary, this thesis presents a framework to enable the automatic generation of efficient constraint models from problem specifications. It provides a pleasant environment for both problem owners and modelling experts. Problem owners are presented with a fully automated constraint solution process, once they have a precise description of their problem. Modelling experts can now encode their precious modelling expertise as rewrite rules instead of merely modelling a single problem; resulting in reusable constraint modelling knowledge
The Rule of Law and the Eastern Enlargement of the EU
No full textThis thesis examines and analyses the 'rule of law' concept and its importance to the enlargement of the European Union to include Central and Eastern European countries. The main focus of the thesis, revolves around the argument that the differences in conception of the rule of law within the European Union (both member states and institutions), is problematic to further transition and development of this important principle in Central and Eastern European countries seeking EU membership. The rule of law has been identified by the EU as a fundamental principle and criteria with regard to the current enlargement process. In addition to this, the European Union has not defined what it means by 'rule of law' and has instead stated its belief that new members will develop their own 'brand' of rule of law and democracy that takes into account individual cultures, histories and experiences. Despite such declarations, the EU have made suggestions for the reform or formation of particular institutions and procedures within prospective member states, that suggest particular understandings of what the rule of law is and stands for. This conflicting message to prospective members has left many of them in the situation where they are making changes to their institutions and practices so as to mirror 'Western European' countries, but without the knowledge of how to utilise such things. The situation is also potentially problematic for the European Union, as it calls into question its own practices relating to reform and enlargement, such as how does the EU decide whether prospective member states have met the criteria of having established the rule of law, when there is no formal consensus on what establishing the rule of law entails or how the principle is defined
Multi-hazard risk report for Wallowa County, Oregon, including the cities of Enterprise, Lostine, Joseph, and Wallowa
No full textby Matt C. Williams and Ian P. Madin.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 29-31).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Multi-hazard risk report for Marion County, Oregon, including the cities of Aumsville, Aurora, Detroit, Donald, Gates, Gervais, Hubbard, Idanha, Jefferson, Keizer, Mill City, Mt. Angel, Salem, Scotts Mills, Silverton, St. Paul, Stayton, Sublimity, Turner, and Woodburn and the unincorporated communities of Brooks, Butteville, Four Corners, Hayesville, Labish Village, Marion, Mehama, and West Salem
No full textby Matt C. Williams and Ian P. Madin.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-46).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Natural hazard risk report for Sherman County, Oregon, including the cities of Grass Valley, Moro, Rufus, and Wasco
No full textby Matt C. Williams and Ian P. Madin.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 30-32).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Natural hazard risk report for Hood River County, Oregon, including the cities of Cascade Locks and Hood River and unincorporated communities of Odell, Parkdale, and Rockford
No full textby Matt C. Williams and Ian P. Madin.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 37-39).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Natural hazard risk report for Wasco County, Oregon, including the cities of Antelope, Dufur, Maupin, Mosier, Shaniko, The Dalles and unincorporated communities of Chenoweth, Tygh Valley, Pine Hollow and the Warm Springs Reservation
No full textby Matt C. Williams and Ian P. Madin.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 34-35).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Transforming Power Relationships: Leadership, Risk, and Hope. IHS Political Science Series No. 135, May 2013
No full textChronic communal conflicts resemble the prisoner’s dilemma. Both communities prefer peace to war. But neither trusts the other, viewing the other’s gain as its own loss, so
potentially shared interests often go unrealized.
Achieving positive-sum outcomes from apparently zero-sum struggles requires a kind of riskembracing leadership. To succeed leaders must: a) see power relations as potentially
positive-sum; b) strengthen negotiating adversaries instead of weakening them; and c) demonstrate hope for a positive future and take great personal risks to achieve it.
Such leadership is exemplified by Nelson Mandela and F.W. de Klerk in the South African democratic transition. To illuminate the strategic dilemmas Mandela and de Klerk faced, we examine the work of Robert Axelrod, Thomas Schelling, and Josep Colomer, who highlight important dimensions of the problem but underplay the role of risk-embracing leadership. Finally we discuss leadership successes and failures in the Northern Ireland settlement and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict
Natural hazard risk report for Coos County, Oregon, including the cities of Bandon, Coos Bay, Coquille, Lakeside, Myrtle Point, North Bend and Powers, and tribal lands of the Confederated Tribes of Coos, Lower Umpqua, and Siuslaw Indians and the Coquille Indian Tribe, and the unincorporated communities of Bunker Hill, Charleston, Glasgow, Green Acres, Hauser, and Millington
No full textby Matt C. Williams, Ian P. Madin, Lowell H. Anthony, and Fletcher O'Brien.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-45).Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
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