108 research outputs found
The Role of Qatar Community Pharmacists in Depression Care: A Survey of Attitudes, Practices and Perceived Barriers
No full textBackground: Negative attitudes and stigma are considered to be major barriers to healthcare and quality of life around the world for patients with depression. Community pharmacists are one of the most accessible healthcare providers. They can enhance patients’ adherence to antidepressant regimens through counselling on depression and antidepressant medications, as well as the provision of adequate follow up and medication management. Aim: Our study aims to describe the current practices, attitudes and perceived barriers of Qatar community pharmacists in relation to the provision of depression care. Methods: This is a cross-sectional online survey targeting all practicing community pharmacists in Qatar using an adapted survey instrument. Responses were measured on a 5-point-Likert scale. Study outcomes were scores of attitudes to depression, scores of self-reported depression care practices and the number of perceived barriers. These scores were produced by summing the individual scores of a set of survey items under the domain used to assess each outcome. Descriptive analyses of pharmacists’ responses were done using means and standard deviations for continuous variables, and frequency tables for categorical variables. Bivariate and multivariate regression analyses were also employed to investigate how pharmacists’ characteristics and attitude affected their practice. Statistical analysis was conducted using STATA version 15.1 and assigned a p-value of 0.05 for statistical significance.
Results: The survey had a response rate of 39%. Pharmacists’ attitudes to depression were moderately positive. Out of a possible score of 5, the mean score of attitudes was 3.41, with a standard deviation of 0.94. However, the extent of pharmacists’ involvement in depression care was very low. Out of a possible score of 5, pharmacists’ practices had a mean score of 2.64 and a standard deviation of 0.26. The top three reported barriers were the lack of access to patients' medical records (83.21%), lack of patients’ insight on major depression and the importance of treatment (81.85%) and the lack of needed knowledge and training on mental health (79.63%), respectively. Female pharmacists were significantly less involved in depression care compared to male pharmacists (p= 0.006). Depression practice score increased with an increasing score of attitudes (p =0.001), and decreased with the number of years since the last pharmacy degree graduation (p=0.02).The presence of a private area for counselling patients was associated with higher scores of practice (p=0.03). Pharmacists’ practice scores varied across types of pharmacy setting, where pharmacists who worked in pharmacies located in shopping malls and supermarkets showed the highest scores of practice compared to community pharmacies of private hospitals (p=0.05). Conclusion: Pharmacists’ moderately positive attitudes towards depression and its care were not reflected in their current practices. A set of perceived barriers against the provision of depression care were also identified in this study. Results from this study could serve as an evidence base for future longitudinal studies in Qatar, implying a need for the development of local depression care and training programs for pharmacists to improve their knowledge and improve their attitude towards depression care
Historian Badr al-Din bin Habib al-Shami al-Halabi (d. 779 AH) his biography and scientific implications
No full textThis research explores the study of the life of the author Badr al-Din Bin Habib al-shami al-Halabi (d.779 AH),since he is considered the historian of the eighth century AH, and he lived in an era that the researchers called several labels, including the era of Mamluk and Mamluks and the Ottomans era, and there are those called the era of the Tatar or era Mughal, and the author obtained a scientific and historical position among the successors of this era, he wrote the construction and the secret and the judiciary prosecution and the writing of the dear judgment and the good luck and other religious and administrative functions as well as authorship and teaching
The Colonial Legacies and Contemporary Failings of the International Refugee Regime in the Shami Region
No full textNote: This article has been removed at the author\u27s request due to formatting errors in the Arabic text.
The United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) recently announced that an "unprecedented" 68.5 million people have been forced to flee their homes [1]. Given that this figure continues to rise—the number of displaced individuals jumped by 2.9 million between 2016 and 2017—advocates, scholars, and policymakers must now reflect on the contemporary realities that continue to hamper the effectiveness of the post-World War II Global Refugee Regime. In this work, the Global Refugee Regime refers to "the body of law that surrounds international migration based on safety and protection" such as the 1951 Refugee Convention and its 1967 Accords [2]. Moreover, this work centers on a historical analysis of movement in the Shami (?????) region—a region comprised in part by lands in modern-day Palestine/Israel, TransJordan (later the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan), Lebanon, and Syria—during periods of rule under the Roman Empire, the Islamic Caliphates, the Ottoman Empire.
This work then juxtaposes the movement and fluidity of borders under these ruling regimes with the aforementioned nation-states\u27 contemporary borders, with a particular emphasis on the Syrian diaspora following the 2011 Syrian civil war while also quantifying the number of refugees that fell under one of the durable solutions. From this juxtaposition, this paper will demonstrate how structures of governance (states, governments, international bodies like the UNHCR following the 1967 Accords) operating in the Shami region following World Wars I and II inherently relied on socio-legal definitions and colonial structures from the Global North that led to the mass displacement of Syrians in the region. The region\u27s reliance on the UNHCR thus created a feedback loop wherein nation-states in the Middle East (Jordan, Lebanon, Syria) were forced to share governance of displaced peoples with the UNHCR as they sought to address contemporary forced migration, each reliant on the legitimacy of the other for the implementation of half-solutions. This shared governance between nation-states and the UNHCR reinforced the legitimacy of a broken international Refugee Regime and its colonial underpinnings, which ultimately shaped contemporary nation-state borders
The road to development: market access and varieties of clientelism in rural Punjab, Pakistan
No full textRural economies in developing countries are often characterised by high levels of
inequality, particularly so in their distribution of land. This can lead to the
establishment of patron-client relationships between peasants and their landlords
with far-reaching social, political, and economic implications for both parties.
This thesis investigates whether, and how, clientelist networks change, when
connecting isolated villages become connected to the outside economy. It does so
from three different perspectives. Firstly, it highlights the ability of resource rich
landlords to interlink different markets in the rural economy in an effort to
maximise surplus extraction. Yet, when peasants are provided credible exit
options, the change in relative bargaining powers alters the character of such
interlinkages in favour of the peasants. Secondly, it explores how clientelism
enables landlords to use peasant votes as bargaining chips with politicians to
appropriate public resources for their own private benefit. Yet, when peasants are
given outside options, the landlord has to provide them with public goods in order
to maintain his economic and social standing in the village. Lastly, it analyses
peasants’ difficulty in engaging in community driven projects when residing under
a strong patron. Yet, when landlords have to compete with markets outside the
village, they no longer have the incentive or ability to block peasant collective
action for self provision. In all three areas, it is argued that the patrons’ ability to
control peasant activities stems from the interaction of inequality with isolation,
which provides them with monopoly/monopsony powers. Hence while policy
solutions to exploitative forms of clientelism have typically focused on land
redistribution, I argue that similar results are attainable by increasing peasants’
outside options. In order to test the validity of this hypothesis I make use of a
natural experiment found in the construction of a motorway in rural Punjab,
Pakistan. The research design compares connected villages dominated by large
landlords to isolated ones and uses villages with relatively egalitarian distribution
of land as a control group. Making use of field interviews and quantitative survey
data the thesis finds that connectivity results in converging outcomes between
connected villages dominated by large landlords and those with more egalitarian
distribution of land. The results suggest that connecting villages previously
isolated from the outside economy can go a long way to help the rural poor
The Role of Qatar Community Pharmacists in Depression care: A Survey of Attitudes, Practices and Perceived Barriers
No full textBackground: Negative attitudes and stigma to mental health constitute major barriers to healthcare provision and access to treatment for patients with depression across the globe. Community pharmacists are among the most accessible healthcare providers who may play a significant role in depression care. This study aims to describe current practices, attitudes and perceived barriers of community pharmacists towards the provision of depression care, and investigates how pharmacists' attitudes, along with several sociodemographic and professional characteristics, are associated with these practices. Methods: A cross-sectional online survey targeting all practicing community pharmacists in Qatar using an adapted survey instrument. Responses were measured on a 5-point-Likert scale. Study outcomes were scores of attitudes towards depression, scores of self-reported depression care practices and perceived barriers for depression care. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses of study outcomes were conducted, along with a multivariate regression to investigate how pharmacists' characteristics and attitudes affect their practice. Results: Three hundred fifty-eight pharmacists answered the survey, making a response rate of 39%. Pharmacists' attitudes to depression were moderately positive (mean score=3.41, SD= 0.26). However, the extent of pharmacists' involvement in depression care was very low (mean score=2.64, SD= 0.94). Three major barriers were the lack of access to patients' medical records (83.21%), lack of patients' insight on major depression and the importance of treatment (81.85%) and the lack of needed knowledge and training on mental health (79.63%). Female pharmacists were significantly less involved in depression care compared to male pharmacists (p= 0.006). Depression practice score increased with an increasing score of attitudes (p =0.001) and decreased with the number of years since the last pharmacy degree graduation (p=0.02). The presence of a private area for counselling patients was associated with higher scores of practice (p=0.03). Conclusion: Pharmacists' moderately positive attitudes towards depression and its care were not reflected in their current practices. Findings from the study imply the need for actions and training programs for pharmacists to improve their attitudes and practices towards depression car
The role of community pharmacists in depression management: a survey of attitudes, practices and perceived barriers
No full textBackground Community pharmacists play a significant role in depression care. Depression is a health priority in national health strategies around the world, including in Qatar. Objective To describe current practices, attitudes and perceived barriers of community pharmacists towards depression care, and to investigate factors associated with these practices. Setting Community pharmacies in Qatar. Method A cross-sectional online survey using an adapted survey instrument. Scores were measured on a five-point Likert scale. Descriptive univariate and bivariate analyses of study outcomes, followed by multivariate regression examining the association between pharmacists’ practices and their attitudes, socio-demographic and professional characteristics. Main outcome measure Pharmacists’ scores on self-reported attitudes towards depression and depression care practices and the number of perceived barriers for depression care. Result: 358 pharmacists (response rate 39%) completed the questionnaire. Pharmacists’ attitudes to depression were moderately positive (mean score = 3.41, SD = 0.26) but involvement in depression care was very low (mean score = 2.64, SD = 0.94). Three major barriers were lack of access to patients’ medical records (83.21%), lack of patients’ insight on depression and the importance of treatment (81.85%), and lack of knowledge and training on mental health (79.63%). Female pharmacists and those graduated more than 10 years prior were significantly less involved in depression care compared to their counterparts (practice scores (95% CI) −4.36 (−7.46 to −1.26) and -7.51 (−15.10 to −1.35), respectively), while those who had access to private counselling area were more involved (practice score 3.39 (0.20 to 6.59). Pharmacists’ depression practice score was positively associated with attitudes (p = 0.001). Conclusion Pharmacists’ moderately positive attitudes were not reflected in their suboptimal depression-care practices. Action from policymakers is needed to improve pharmacists’ practices and attitudes to depression.This study was partially funded by a Qatar University Post-Graduate Student Grant (QUST-2-CHS-2019-15)
Bedouin livelihoods: the role of women in the Jordanian Badia
No full textWomen's issues have been increasingly receiving more attention by development planners, scholars and practitioners In the east and west. In the Middle East more efforts have been devoted towards the Inclusion of women In the labour force and the political arena. These efforts have faced some difficulties In respect to the social perceptions of Muslim women’s roles and the scarcity of representative data regarding women’s productive contribution In the economy and In maintaining their families' livelihoods. Therefore, a comprehensive understanding of Arab and Muslim women's status at the household and societal levels is needed to conceptualise women's roles and put development efforts In the right effective gear. This study, which Investigates Bedouin livelihoods and the role of women In the Jordanian Badia, attempts to unfold the productive roles and the decision-making perspectives of a specific category of the female population In Jordan, 'Bedouin women'. It challenges the stereotyped picture of Muslim women and, more specifically, Bedouin women who have been regarded by their societies and others as less productive, subordinate and to some extent passive in respect to their contributions towards their households' survival and their decision-making power In comparison to men. The major findings of this study show that Bedouin women today provide essential Inputs Into maintaining their household's survival and providing vital needs for their livelihoods, In addition to acquiring an influential share of power regarding decisions related to their households. These findings stem from the application of a qualitative research methodology that Involved prolonged group discussion sessions, individual Interviews and observational tools in the north-eastern Badia of Jordan. This qualitative research methodology was used for In-depth research conducted on 30 households to give substance to the research findings and provide detailed Information from the local Bedouin people involved In the study. The discussion of the research findings presented in chapters four, five and six regarding Bedouin livelihoods and the role of women In the Jordanian Badia identifies some focal points upon which further Investigation and research Into the status of Bedouin women can be based
Exponential smoothing of seasonal time series without seasonal smoothing constant
No full textThis thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field
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