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Cognition and movement in neurodegenerative disorders: a dynamic duo
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Sequential motor skill: cognition, perception and action
Full text linkDiscrete movement sequences are assumed to be the building blocks of more complex sequential actions that are present in our everyday behavior. The studies presented in this dissertation address the (neuro)cognitive underpinnings of such movement sequences, in particular in relationship to the role of perceptual information and the development of automaticity in such skill. The majority of the empirical chapters focusses on the role of perceptual information in sequential behavior, and specifically examines the context-dependence of sequencing performance. The notion of context-dependence – which originates from the literature on verbal memory, but has also been reported for motor skill – holds that memory retrieval is better in the environment in which the memory trace was initially acquired as opposed to retrieval in a different environment. First, a new form of context-dependence is explored, namely context-dependent filtering. It was investigated whether the continuous pairing of an irrelevant stimulus along with imperative stimulus results in the learning of (filtering out) the irrelevant information. If this would be the case, sequencing performance is assumed to be hindered when the learned pairs of irrelevant and imperative stimuli are changed during testing. Second, the notion of context-dependence for memory-based sequencing skill was studied, specifically differentiating between the sensitivity to perceptual changes of sequence preparation versus execution processes. These chapters on the effects of perceptual changes on sequencing performance also address the role of practice in this matter. In another chapter, developmental differences regarding the cognitive mechanisms underlying discrete sequence skill were investigated by studying whether preadolescent children, like young adults, learn to perform sequential movements in an automatic fashion. Previous studies demonstrated that the development and use of motor chunks for sequencing performance was limited in middle-aged and elderly. It has been suggested that this relates to the degeneration of frontal and other brain areas with older age. As these areas are known to mature during childhood, it could be hypothesized that sequencing skill differs between children and young adults as well. Finally, the neural basis of sequencing performance was addressed. The changes with practice in cognitive processes underlying sequence production were related to changes in brain areas that are involved in the production of discrete movement sequences
Cognition in motion: evidence for intact action control with healthy aging
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Dopamine system involvement in impulse control
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
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