1,721,758 research outputs found
Gastric Cancer Risk in Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection and Following Its Eradication
No full textAs Helicobacter pylori is a first-class carcinogen, eradication of the infection would be expected to be a beneficial measure for the (primary) prevention of gastric cancer. Given the natural history of gastric cancer, it is plausible that eradication before gastric atrophy sets in offers the best chance for cancer risk reduction. The beneficial effects of eradication may, nevertheless, still be achievable in more advanced disease. The reversibility of inflammatory lesions has been supported by undeniable evidence; the regression of mucosal atrophy/metaplasia has also been confirmed by several recent histologic studies
Secondary cancer prevention: the clinico-pathological priority for the next decade.
No full textI.F. 315
Secondary prevention of gastric cancer
No full textConsistent diagnostic protocols, unequivocal definitions, and structured and straightforward histology reports are all matters that are by no means marginal to our good daily practice in clinical oncology: as de Vries's study demonstrates, they are an integral part of evidence‐based preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. A reliable exchange of information remains a major problem —even in the Wikipedia era
"Die Grenzen meiner Sprache sind die Grenzen meiner Welt"--pathologists and their readers.
No full textI.F.: 2.805 Purpose: Patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence after 2 induction courses of BCG are eligible for radical cystectomy. So, in the last years research to discover new drugs for the management of non-muscle invasive bladder cancer recurrence after failure of first and second line therapy is ongoing. In accordance to the results obtained with BCG, whose mechanism depends on the induction of the T helper 1 (TH1) immune response, we investigated the activity of a Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligand, named Helicobacter Pylori Neutrophil Activating Protein (HP-NAP), that we recently demonstrated being able of enhancing the differentiation of Th1 cells, both in vitro and in vivo, because of its ability to create an IL-12 enriched milieu. Materials and Methods: We show here, in a mouse model of bladder neoplasm implants, that local administration of HP-NAP decreases tumor growth by inducing tumor necrosis. Results: The result is joined up with a massive cluster of both CD4+ and CD8+ IFN-γ+ cells, within neoplasm and regional lymph nodes. It is of note that HP-NAP-treated tumors show also a reduced vascularization due to the anti-angiogenic activity of IFN-γ induced by HP-NAP. Conclusions: The present study suggeststhat the activity of HP-NAP against urothelial tumor burden warrants subsequent in vivo studies
Review article: pre-neoplastic states of the gastric mucosa - a practical approach for the perplexed clinician
No full textThe sequence leading to gastric cancer can be schematically reduced to Helicobacter pylori infection-chronic gastritis-atrophy-intestinal metaplasia-dysplasia-neoplasia. Although clinicians have not yet developed a uniform approach to the treatment of gastritis (when should H. pylori infection be treated?), the entity itself is not the subject of controversy. All other lesions are still the focus of debate. There are no guidelines for the management of patients with intestinal metaplasia; pathologists are still searching for universal diagnostic criteria for atrophic gastritis; dysplasia and early neoplasia have elicited scientific diatribes between Japanese and Western pathologists. Amidst such controversies and in the absence of guidelines to regulate the management of gastric lesions, the responsibility to provide sensible clinical advice is often bestowed upon pathologists. This review discusses whether pathologists have access to sufficient evidence to provide the requested advice, and whether a consensus on the management of gastric "pre-neoplastic" states is within reach. We conclude that, although many sensible and useful definitions, criteria and classifications are being generated, the final decision on how to manage the individual patient with gastric lesions will continue to be based on the communication between pathologist and clinicia
Staging gastritis: An international proposal (vol 129, pg 1807, 2005)
No full textWhen (according to the Houston-updated guidelines) a satisfactory set of gastric biopsies is available, staging should represent the conclusion of the histological report, preceded by the traditional description of the histological findings and possibly by an indication of the etiology. This scheme should offer clinicians an immediate overall perception of the extent of gastric disease and also provides information regarding cancer risk.
A decade ago, a similar nomenclature was proposed for the histology reporting of chronic viral hepatitis and, tested in routine practice, it is now used by virtually all hepatopathologists. The OLGA Group suggests that an international staging method is needed to advance research in gastritis and is preparing to test its feasibility and reproducibility
Liver biopsy sampling in chronic viral hepatitis
No full textAbstract
In chronic viral hepatitis, liver biopsy is performed to grade and stage liver damage. Liver biopsy samples are usually taken with a needle using a percutaneous procedure. This method produces a core of tissue representing approximately 1/50,000th of the liver mass, which raises concern about how representative a needle biopsy can be. A critical review of the literature reveals methodological limits unacceptable in this era of evidence-based medicine. Integrating earlier experience with more recently produced data indicates that a biopsy sample 2 cm or more in length containing at least 11 complete portal tracts should be reliable for grading and staging chronic viral hepatiti
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