220 research outputs found
Andrzej Nadolski und Grunwald. Erinnerungen
No full textThe theme of the publication refers to the
author’s memories associated with Professor
Andrzej Nadolski for his investigation into the
Battle of Tannenberg (Grunwald, 1410). With reference
to his personal memories and surviving correspondence,
the author wishes to give a picture of the
inspiring relationship with the famous arms specialist,
archaeologist and historian. This began towards
the end of the 1970’s and lasted until the death of
Nadolski in 1993.
The connecting element of this friendly and scientific
relationship was the problematic nature of
the Battle of Tannenberg from which a strong fascination
emerged resulting in the publication of several
books and essays by Nadolski and the author
Armia króla Władysława Jagiełły w drodze pod Grunwald
No full textFor years, the route followed by the Polish-Lithuanian army on its way to Grunwald in 1410 has been arousing controversy as the sources do not allow for its clear-cut determination.From the moment when Jagiello’s army crossed the Vistula river at Czerwińsk (3rd July) until it reached the fields of Grunwald only some of its halting-places are known. The passagefrom Dąbrówno to the battlefield covered on the 15th of July is given special attention in the historians’ discussion. S. Ekdahl claims that the Polish-Lithuanian army pitched a camp tothe north of Dąbrówno and stormed the town from that direction. Other historians incline towards the opinion that the army’s camp was situated to the south of Dabrówno, near the village Kalbornia. As a consequence they assume that the town was also attacked from the south. A few routes of the march from Dąbrówno to the site where the battle was supposed to take place were suggested in the present literature. According to S. Ekdahl, Jagiello’s army moved from the camp situated to the north of Dąbrówno to the east through Samin to stop near Grunwald. In the newest monograph of the 1409-1411 war it was stated that Jagiello’s army got to Grunwald by a route running through previously captured Dąbrówno and later on through Samin to Grunwald Jagiello’s army, after breaking up its camp at Kolbornia, moved east to turn north after a few kilometres and continue its march through Osiekowo, Łodgowo. A. Nadolski did not agree with those assumptions as he believed that from the camp in Dąbrówno the army headed for Turowo and then marched north towards Mielno circumventing the Ulnowo Lake from the east. The author of the article propounds a hypothesis that Jagiello’s army could act both to the north and south of Dąbrówno where the main camp of the Polish-Lithuanian forces was situated. He also considers that the conception of S. Kuczyński criticised by A. Nadolski and S. Ekdahl concerning the final phase of the march should still be taken into consideration as very probable. The author believes that there was no serious discussion on the Grunwald campaign during the last twenty years in Poland. Both the last monograph of the 1409–1411war and this article show that a new view on that topic is still possible
Locating the Theatre of War at the Battle of Grunwald by Metal Detectors
No full textThe article presents some main features of the battlefield archaeology at Grunwald (1410).
A special attention is devoted to an intriguing question of the acceptance by historians and
archaeologists of a fallacious theory about the march routes and battlefield deployment of the
armies created by the famous Prussian historian Johannes Voigt in 1836. The author rejects
the credibility of the thesis by Voigt and his many modern followers; refers to a contemporary
source that has remained unknown in scholarship, and offers an alternative interpretation.
The article reconsiders not only written sources but also archaeological investigations and
historical maps. The research is based on the use of methods associated with archaeological
exploration. The presented data are the results of search with metal detectors (and partly GPR)
in the fields of Grunwald from 2014 to 2019, when 600 hectares of land were explored. It
turned out that the previous hypotheses by historians and archaeologists about the location of
the main battlefield east of the road from Stembark to Lodwigowo are not reliable. The main
battle took place 2 to 3 km further west, namely south and east of the village of Grunwald.
Of particular interest to Lithuanian and Russian historians are the many military artefacts
found on both sides of the road from Grunwald to Lodwigowo, where, according to the author’s
research, the troops of the Grand Duke of Lithuania, Vytautas, faced the left wing of the
Teutonic Order’s army. In addition, the use of a radar station (Ground Penetration Radar) in
2016 enabled to suggest a possible location of mass graves
On the issue of the role played by Smolensk regiments in the battle of Grunwald
No full textВ статье рассматривается один из дискуссионных аспектов Грюнвальдского сражения – вопрос о роли, сыгранной в битве смоленскими полками. Автор отмечает, что в дореволюционной и советской историографии трактовка роли смольнян под Грюнвальдом была однозначной: в то время как войска Великого княжества Литовского начали отступать под натиском Тевтонского Ордена только три смоленские хоругви остались на месте и, геройски сражаясь, спасли положение и обеспечили союзникам победу. Автор приходит к выводу, что данная позиция является ошибочной, поскольку большинство историков в своих исследованиях опирались на реляцию Яна Длугоша, которая не является первоисточником и противоречит сообщениям других хроник.In the article the question about the role which Smolensk regents played is considered. It is one of debatable aspects of the battle of Grunwald. The author marks out that in pre-revolutionary and Soviet historiography the interpretation of the role of Smolensk warriors at Grunwald was definite: when the army of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania began to retreat under pressure from the Teutonic Order only three Smolensk Banners stayed and, heroically fighting, rescued the situation and paved the way for the victory. The author comes to the conclusion, that the position is fallacious so long as most of historians in their researches used Jan Dlugosz’s report, which is not a primary source and conflicts with the reports of the other chronicles
Possessions of "three Tatar tsars" and conception of a "triple Podillia" in the battle of Grunwald
No full textReikšminiai žodžiai: Podolė; Totoriai; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštytė; Žalgirio mūšis; 1410 m. Keywords: Podillia; Tatars; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; Battle of Grunwald 1410 Reikšminiai žodžiai: Žalgirio mūšis, 1410; Toponimai; Hidronimai; Totoriai; Lietuvos Didžioji Kunigaikštystė (LDK; Grand Duchy of Lithuania; GDL); Regionai; Podolė (Поділля; Podolia; Podillia); 14 amžius; Regions; Tatars; 14th century; Toponyms; HydronymsThe article analyzes the partition of the historical region of Podillia, which emerged in the mid-14th century as a result of the defeat of its Tatar rulers in the Battle of Blue Waters in 1362 and the expansion of the Grand Duchy of Luthuania’s influence southeast. A preceding historical tradition reflected in the chronicle "Tale of Podillia" describes the partition of the territory in the interfluve of the Dnipro and the Dnister rivers among three Tatar rulers of Podillia: Kutlubuh, Khadjibey, and Dmytro. It is very difficult to localize their lands precisely due to the scarcity of documentary sources from the 14th century. Based on the toponyms mentioned in the documents of the Koriatovyches, the paper clarifies the boundaries of Dmytro’s lands. Based on the analysis of hydronyms the article designates the likely lands owned by Kutlubuh. The image about Podillia as divided in three parts endured till the beginning of the 15th century. At the time Podillia was divided in two parts: the western under the rule of King Władysław II Jagiełło, and the eastern under the governance of Grand Duke Vitautas. The description of the royal army in the Battle of Grunwald in 1410 includes three Podolian military units. Podillia became the only territory that sent three units. Jan Długosz, the author of this account, explained this fact by a large number of Podolian population. The available written sources of the late 14th – early 15th centuries do not confirm such interpretation. It is more likely that at the beginning of the 15th century the three Podolian units in Grunwald reflected an older image of Podillia as a territory that consisted of three parts
The Logarithmic Derivative in Scientific Data Analysis
No full textThe logarithmic derivative has been shown to be a useful tool for data analysis in applied sciences because of either simplifying mathematical procedures or enabling an improved understanding and visualization of structural relationships and dynamic processes. In particular, spatial and temporal variations in signal amplitudes can be described independently of their sign by one and the same compact quantity, the inverse logarithmic derivative. In the special case of a single exponential decay function, this quantity becomes directly identical to the decay time constant. When generalized, the logarithmic derivative enables local gradients of system parameters to be flexibly described by using exponential behavior as a meaningful reference. It can be applied to complex maps of data containing multiple superimposed and alternating ramping or decay functions. Selected examples of experimental and simulated data from time-resolved plasma spectroscopy, multiphoton excitation, and spectroscopy are analyzed in detail, together with reminiscences of early activities in the field. The results demonstrate the capability of the approach to extract specific information on physical processes. Further emerging applications are addressed
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