5,300 research outputs found
Spatial and temporal variability of rainfall over the south-west coast of Bangladesh
No full textThis study examined the spatial and temporal rainfall variability from the 1940s to 2007 in the south west coastal region of Bangladesh. Time series statistical tests were applied to examine the spatial and temporal trends in three time segments (1948–1970, 1971–1990 and 1991–2007) and four seasons (Pre-monsoon; Monsoon; Post-Monsoon and Winter), during the period 1948–2007. Eight weather stations were divided into two zones: exposed (exposed to sea) and interior (distant to sea). Overall, rainfall increased during the period 1948–2007, while the trends intensified during post-1990s. Post-monsoon and winter rainfall was observed to follow significant positive trends at most weather stations during the time period 1948–2007. The rate of change was found in exposed zone and interior zone are +12.51 and +4.86 mm/year, respectively, over post monsoon and +0.9 and +1.86 mm/year, respectively, over winter. These trends intensified both in the exposed zone (+45.81 mm/year) and the interior zone (+27.09 mm/year) 1990 onwards. Winter rainfall does not exhibit significant change (p > 0.1) over the exterior or interior zone, though individual stations like Jessore, Satkhira and Bhola show significant negative trends after 1990s. Although the trends were observed to weaken in the monsoon and pre-monsoon seasons, they are not significant. Moreover, an 11-year cyclicity was found within these two seasons, whilst no cyclicity was observed in the post-monsoon and winter seasons. Sequential Mann Kendal test reveals that the changes in two zones rainfall trends are started around mid-80s, where step change found only for fours season in Khulna stations and also for winter seasons in all weather stations. These changes may have a detrimental effect on rain-fed agriculture in Bangladesh. The application of palaeo-environmental techniques, threshold determination and rainfall analysis across the whole country could be useful to support adaptation planning of the rain-fed agro-economy in Bangladesh
Kantian Aspects of Norman Bowie and R. Edward Freeman Business Ethics
No full textThe aim of the article is to present the Kantian aspects of N. Bowie and R.E. Freeman business ethics. Both authors are well-known in English-area business ethics as the thinkers working on stakeholder theory. R.E. Freeman, a founder of the stakeholder theory, stated the position called “Kantian capitalism” in 1988-1993. N. Bowie has been working on Kantian business ethics since 90‘s till now.
R.E. Freeman uses the second formulation of categorical imperative to redefine the aim of the corporation. According to him the traditional definition is false, because it treats stakeholders (excluding shareholders) as means to profi t (as a traditional firm’s aim). Thus, he defines the new aim as acting for interest of all stakeholders. However, this position is sensitive to strong objections what probably caused the author himself to reject it. Furthermore, Freeman’s position seems to be rather utilitarian than Kantian: acting for other’s interest as an aim of morally good company, weighing and sacrificing interest as a method of morally good acting.
N. Bowie’s application of Kantian ideas is wider and more systematic than Freeman’s approach. Nonetheless, it is also sensitive to many particular objections, especially misunderstanding of Kantian ideas. Bowie rejects the idea of purity of motive in Kantian ethics in order to justify the possibility of rational Kantian ethics application to area of business. Finally, making the possibility of application seems to be a proof for economical usefulness of Kantian ethics what makes this position close to utilitarianism too (like in Freeman case)
The inefficiency of seigniorage from required reserves
No full textBank reserves ; Banks and banking - Taxation
Modulation of antigen-specific T-cells as immune therapy for chronic infectious diseases and cancer
No full textCopyright: © 2014 Li, Symonds, Miao, Sanderson and Wang. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) or licensor are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.This article has been made available through the Brunel Open Access Publishing Fund.T-cell responses are induced by antigen presenting cells (APC) and signals from the microenvironment. Antigen persistence and inflammatory microenvironments in chronic infections and cancer can induce a tolerant state in T-cells resulting in hyporesponsiveness, loss of effector function, and weak biochemical signaling patterns in response to antigen stimulation. Although the mechanisms of T-cell tolerance induced in chronic infection and cancer may differ from those involved in tolerance to self-antigen, the impaired proliferation and production of IL-2 in response to antigen stimulation are hallmarks of all tolerant T cells. In this review, we will summarize the evidence that the immune responses change from non-self to “self”-like in chronic infection and cancer, and will provide an overview of strategies for re-balancing the immune response of antigen-specific T cells in chronic infection and cancer without affecting the homeostasis of the immune system.Arthritis Research UK and Medical Research Council UK
A continent revealed - The European Geotraverse - Link to Atlas of compiled data
No full textThe continent of Europe has a complex geological history of successive tectonic events. Over several thousand million years these have formed the present day configuration of major tectonic provinces. A Continent Revealed unravels this history by presenting and interpreting the results of the European Geotraverse (EGT) a unique study of the continent of Europe and the first comprehensive cross section of continental lithosphere. This illustrated book has been put together by key workers in the EGT project. It uses the wealth of information yielded by the ten years of experiments, study centres and workshops to provide a concise and thought provoking account of the geological processes that created the European continent. It provides a summary of the European Geotraverse, and at the same time a starting point for further work
À quoi rêvent les vieilles filles? Eros au féminin ou la débandade du roman domestique en Amérique (M. Wilkins Freeman).
No full textInternational audienceWhen Harper's Bazaar editor Elizabeth Jordan asked Mary Wilkins Freeman to write the chapter devoted to “The Old-Maid Aunt” in the collective novel The Whole Family in 1906, she did not quite measure the impact of her choice. By turning Aunt Elizabeth into the provocative Lily Talbert, Freeman not only refused to conform her character to the stereotype of the frigid old maid; she also questioned the place she had been assigned as an author within the domestic and romantic economy of the collective novel under contract. Eroticizing the old maid jeopardizes the traditional plot because it endangers the inevitable denouement of the domestic novel. The ambivalence of an un-domesticated Eros, both a principle of life and a disruptive force, proves a threat to the genre itself. The turbulences of the erotic old maid, this essay argues, compels the domestic novel, if not to redefine itself, at least to amend itself.Quand en 1906 Elizabeth Jordan, éditeur de Harper’s Bazar, demanda à Mary Wilkins Freeman d’écrire le chapitre intitulé « The Old-Maid Aunt » dans le roman collectif The Whole Family, nul ne se doutait, parmi les contributeurs, que c’était là faire entrer le serpent dans le jardin de cette famille de Nouvelle-Angleterre. En faisant d’Aunt Elizabeth la provocante Lily Talbert, Freeman ne refusait pas seulement de se conformer au stéréotype de la vieille fille frigide et austère ; elle remettait également en cause la place qui lui avait été assignée à l’intérieur de la « famille » des auteurs du roman, à l’intérieur de l’économie domestique et romanesque.Érotiser la vieille fille, qui ainsi menace de prendre la place de l’héroïne attendue (en séduisant son amant), c’est remettre en question, ou du moins, mettre en danger l’inévitable dénouement du roman domestique. Faire de la vieille fille une intrigante, c’est mettre en péril l’intrigue traditionnelle. Si certains, peu nombreux, osent admirer cette contribution audacieuse, la plupart la condamnent vigoureusement. Qu’y a-t-il donc dans ces quelque trente pages pour échauffer ainsi les esprits ? Dans quel soufre Freeman a-t-elle plongé sa plume ? À la fois impulsion et menace de désagrégation, ces pages dérangent parce qu’elles portent en elles-mêmes l’ambivalence d’un Éros non domestiqué, à la fois force génératrice, principe de vie et force disruptive qui menace de tout faire s’écrouler. En fait, ce chapitre ne met en branle la machine romanesque qu’au risque d’en ébranler sérieusement les mécanismes, de provoquer la débandade du roman domestique : quand la vieille fille s’érotise et commence à jouer un jeu qui lui est propre, quand elle manque à la place qu’on lui avait assignée, le roman, pris de turbulences, se voit contraint, sinon de se redéfinir, du moins de s’amender
Railroad Employees, Tripp, Hutchinson County
No full text4 x 5 photograph, three rows of men wearing suits and ties standing in front of a railroad depot5 Photo Album H2009-101 5644 R.C. Lathrop Coll Box No 3Chicago Milwaukee St. Paul & Pacific Railroad Company Employees Agents & Operabey [sic] operators - S. C. & Div. at Tripp, S.D. = ORT Meeting Back Row 1. W. E. Beck 2. Wood 3. W. S. Foster 4. W A Bahr 5 M. Gronvold 6. Geo Brown 7. W. W. Wolverton 8. F. A. Nelles 9. Roy Brown 10 T. M. Paulson 11 Roy Card 12 C. A. Johnson 13. P. Freeman 14 R. L. Everett 15 B. L. Dwyer 16. C A. Coin Center Row Lewis L. Gallant 2 Art. Moore 3 E. J. Gorman 4 A. W. Sanburn 5 D. T. Munsch 6 (Dupkey) A. C. Duprus 7 T
A study of T-tested differences among pupils to attend elementary school with varying non-curricular facilities and services, 1949
No full textCosmogenic nuclide exposure ages from the 'Parallel Roads' of Glen Roy, Scotland
No full textThe 'Parallel Roads' of Glen Roy, Scotland, are the shorelines of former ice-dammed lakes created by the last glaciers to occupy the area. We use surface exposure dating with cosmic ray-produced <sup>10</sup>Be in quartz to provide the first numerical age control on the timing of formation of one of one of these shorelines and depositional features in Glen Roy. Four bedrock samples from the surface of the 325m 'Parallel Road' yielded a mean formation age of ca. 11.5-11.9 ka. This age range confirms the long-held view that the 'Parallel Roads' are Loch Lomond Stadial (ca. 12.9-11.5 ka) features. The age range reflects variation in currently available cosmogenic nuclide scaling schemes and the related <sup>10</sup>Be production rates. Two samples from the surface of the Turret fan indicate that the 260m lake drained before ca. 10.7-11.0 ka, while two samples from the Brunachan fan suggest that subaerial sedimentation occurred after ca. 9.7-9.9 ka
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