49 research outputs found

    Proximate composition, fiber fractions, techno-functional and pasting properties of wheat and African palmyra palm shoot composite flours and acceptability of their developed chin-chin snacks

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    Abstract African palmyra palm (Borassus aethiopum Mart.) is an underutilized plant indigenous to tropical Africa and its shoot which is usually eaten raw or cooked is often appreciated for its medicinal value. The suitability of wheat and African palmyra palm shoot (APPS) composite flours (90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) for the production of functional chin-chin snack was examined in this study. Wheat flour (100%) and its chin-chin were the controls. Proximate, fiber fractions, techno-functional and pasting properties of the composite flours were evaluated and acceptability of the developed snacks was examined. Fat, ash and protein of the composite flours decreased while fiber increased with increasing inclusion of APPS flour. Inclusion of APPS flour resulted in the composite flours having higher (p ≤ 0.05) neutral detergent soluble fiber (51.61–98.64%), acid detergent fiber (14.76–37.09%), lignin (11.72–30.09%), silica (1.14–1.99%), cellulose (2.14–5.21%), and hemicellulose (36.52–61.52%). Increasing the level of substitution of APPS flour increased the water absorption capacity (76.91-115.38%), swelling index (1.65–2.07) and dispersibility (70.49–88.53%) but decreased oil absorption capacity (172.88-136.26%) and bulk density (0.8630–0.7939 g/mL) of the composite flours. Substitution of wheat flour with APPS shoot flour (10–50%) resulted in decreased peak viscosity, trough viscosity, breakdown viscosity, final viscosity, setback viscosity and peak time. Chin-chin snacks containing up to 30% APPS flour were acceptable, with those with 10% substitution level being the best. This study revealed that African palmyra palm shoot flour could be explored as a sustainable functional ingredient for the production of baked and fried food products

    The Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees (1972 and 1977) and indigenisation in Nigeria

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    The thesis is a comprehensive examination of the Nigerian Enterprises Promotion Decrees of 1972 and 1977, and more broadly of the process of indigenisation in Nigeria. A brief introduction to the historical background of indigenisation before 1970 is followed by an account of the timing of the Decrees in the context of the oil boom in the country's economy. An examination of the problems encountered in implementing the Decrees and their effects, and an analysis of the distribution of benefits, is informed by empirical research including interviews, carried out by the author in Nigeria between 1982 and 1985. The record shows that indigenisation has led to the consolidation of an economy which accommodates the interests of ex-State personnel, the State as an institution, private indigenous businessmen and foreign capital, in an order which is far from certain to bring about the national economic independence which, in official terms, is the chief objective. Nigeria's commitment to capitalism and the promotion of Indigenous private enterprise, on the basis of resources generated initially by the agricultural economy, between the 1940s and 1960s, and then much more spectacularly and more significantly by oil revenues in the 1970s, provides an instructive example of the limits to what a post-colonial society in black Africa can achieve by trying to indigenise the ownership structure of its economy

    Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE AND ITS IMPACT ON BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION IN SOME SELECTED STATES IN NIGERIA (2013-2022)

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    © Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is biannual Journal published by the department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Journal contains analysis of Banking and Financial Issues relevant to the Nigeria Economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors are not necessarily those of the Department of Finance.   All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.   Subscription Rate:                    Nigeria                                                                       Students:               N2,000                                                                       Others:                  N2,500                                                   Foreign                                      US $25     Volume 10 No. 1, March 2024     ISSN: 119 - 8494   Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Tel: 08035023117,         080283887163.                 EDITOR -IN- CHIEF:       PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR:    DR. (MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR:    DR. F. T. KOLAPO   ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA PROF. R. O. SOMOYE   EDITOR PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA PROF. DAPO FAPETU L. B. AJAYI M. O. OKE L. A. SULAIMAN J. O. MOKOLU J. A. AJAYI   BUSINESS MANAGERS S. O. DADA MRS. O. G. OBISEAN MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN I. E. AJAYI                   CALL FOR PAPERS   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is a biannual Journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.   Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced. Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, references, table and chart. The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional authors(s). An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article. Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern. Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references. Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned unprocessed.   All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to:   The Managing Editor, Journal of Banking and Financial Issues, C/0 Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   OR   The Business Editor: Department of Financ

    Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE AND ITS IMPACT ON BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION IN SOME SELECTED STATES IN NIGERIA (2013-2022)

    No full text
    © Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is biannual Journal published by the department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Journal contains analysis of Banking and Financial Issues relevant to the Nigeria Economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors are not necessarily those of the Department of Finance.   All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.   Subscription Rate:                    Nigeria                                                                       Students:               N2,000                                                                       Others:                  N2,500                                                   Foreign                                      US $25     Volume 10 No. 1, March 2024     ISSN: 119 - 8494   Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Tel: 08035023117,         080283887163.                 EDITOR -IN- CHIEF:       PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR:    DR. (MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR:    DR. F. T. KOLAPO   ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA PROF. R. O. SOMOYE   EDITOR PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA PROF. DAPO FAPETU L. B. AJAYI M. O. OKE L. A. SULAIMAN J. O. MOKOLU J. A. AJAYI   BUSINESS MANAGERS S. O. DADA MRS. O. G. OBISEAN MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN I. E. AJAYI                   CALL FOR PAPERS   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is a biannual Journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.   Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced. Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, references, table and chart. The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional authors(s). An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article. Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern. Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references. Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned unprocessed.   All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to:   The Managing Editor, Journal of Banking and Financial Issues, C/0 Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   OR   The Business Editor: Department of Financ

    Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE AND ITS IMPACT ON BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION IN SOME SELECTED STATES IN NIGERIA (2013-2022)

    No full text
    © Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is biannual Journal published by the department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Journal contains analysis of Banking and Financial Issues relevant to the Nigeria Economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors are not necessarily those of the Department of Finance.   All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.   Subscription Rate:                    Nigeria                                                                       Students:               N2,000                                                                       Others:                  N2,500                                                   Foreign                                      US $25     Volume 10 No. 1, March 2024     ISSN: 119 - 8494   Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Tel: 08035023117,         080283887163.                 EDITOR -IN- CHIEF:       PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR:    DR. (MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR:    DR. F. T. KOLAPO   ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA PROF. R. O. SOMOYE   EDITOR PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA PROF. DAPO FAPETU L. B. AJAYI M. O. OKE L. A. SULAIMAN J. O. MOKOLU J. A. AJAYI   BUSINESS MANAGERS S. O. DADA MRS. O. G. OBISEAN MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN I. E. AJAYI                   CALL FOR PAPERS   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is a biannual Journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.   Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced. Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, references, table and chart. The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional authors(s). An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article. Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern. Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references. Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned unprocessed.   All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to:   The Managing Editor, Journal of Banking and Financial Issues, C/0 Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   OR   The Business Editor: Department of Financ

    Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: INTERNALLY GENERATED REVENUE AND ITS IMPACT ON BUDGET IMPLEMENTATION IN SOME SELECTED STATES IN NIGERIA (2013-2022)

    No full text
    © Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is biannual Journal published by the department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Journal contains analysis of Banking and Financial Issues relevant to the Nigeria Economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are those of the authors are not necessarily those of the Department of Finance.   All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.   Subscription Rate:                    Nigeria                                                                       Students:               N2,000                                                                       Others:                  N2,500                                                   Foreign                                      US $25     Volume 10 No. 1, March 2024     ISSN: 119 - 8494   Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Tel: 08035023117,         080283887163.                 EDITOR -IN- CHIEF:       PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR:    DR. (MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR:    DR. F. T. KOLAPO   ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA PROF. R. O. SOMOYE   EDITOR PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA PROF. DAPO FAPETU L. B. AJAYI M. O. OKE L. A. SULAIMAN J. O. MOKOLU J. A. AJAYI   BUSINESS MANAGERS S. O. DADA MRS. O. G. OBISEAN MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN I. E. AJAYI                   CALL FOR PAPERS   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or related disciplines. It is a biannual Journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.   Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced. Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, references, table and chart. The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional authors(s). An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article. Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern. Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references. Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned unprocessed.   All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to:   The Managing Editor, Journal of Banking and Financial Issues, C/0 Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   OR   The Business Editor: Department of Financ

    Department of Error: Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017 (The Lancet (2020) 395(10239) (1779–1801), (S0140673620301148), (10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30114-8))

    No full text
    Reiner RC Jr, Hay SI. Mapping geographical inequalities in childhood diarrhoeal morbidity and mortality in low-income and middle-income countries, 2000–17: analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2017. Lancet 2020; 395: 1779–801—In this Article, the author byline has been amended to Local Burden of Disease Diarrhoea Collaborators. This correction has been made to the online version as of June 4, 2020, and the printed version is correct

    Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY ON DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA

    No full text
    © Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Journal contains analysis of banking and finance issues relevant to the Nigeria economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are these of the authors and her necessarily those of the Department of Finance.   All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.       Subscription Rate:                Nigeria   Students:         N2,000 Others:            N2,500   Foreign                                    US $25       Volume 9 No. 1, March 2023       ISSN: 1119 - 8494       Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Tel: 08035023117, 080283887163.           EDITOR –IN – CHIEF: PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR: DR.(MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: DR. F. T. KOLAPO   ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA PROF. R. O. SOMOYE EDITORS PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA DR. L. B. AJAYI M. O. OKE L. A. SULAIMAN DR. J. O. MOKUOLU DR. DAPO FAPETU DR. J. A. AJAYI   BUSINESS MANAGERS S. O. DADA DR.MRS. O. G. OBISESAN DR. MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN DR. I. E. AJAYI   CALL FOR PAPERS   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.   i  Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced. Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, reference, table and chart The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional of author(s) An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern. Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references. Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned     All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to: The Managing Editor: Journal of Banking and Financial Issues C/o Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado -Ekiti, Nigeria.   OR   The Business Editor: Department of Finance, E-mail: [email protected]

    Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues: EFFECT OF MONETARY POLICY ON DEPOSIT LIABILITIES OF COMMERCIAL BANKS IN NIGERIA

    No full text
    © Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria.   The Journal contains analysis of banking and finance issues relevant to the Nigeria economic experience and financial policies. Opinions expressed herein are these of the authors and her necessarily those of the Department of Finance.   All right reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means. electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise of series in any retrieval system of any nature, without the prior written permission of the copyright holder.       Subscription Rate:                Nigeria   Students:         N2,000 Others:            N2,500   Foreign                                    US $25       Volume 9 No. 1, March 2023       ISSN: 1119 - 8494       Printed in Nigeria by: Department of Finance Ekiti State University Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Tel: 08035023117, 080283887163.           EDITOR –IN – CHIEF: PROF. J. A. OLOYEDE MANAGING EDITOR: DR.(MRS) B. A. AZEEZ ASSOCIATE EDITOR: DR. F. T. KOLAPO   ADVISORY BOARD PROF. WOLE ADEWUNMI PROF. W. I. IYIEGBUNIWE PROF. S. I. OWUALAH PROF. (MRS) E. O. ADEGBITE PROF. FAMOUS IZEDOME PROF. A. A. AWE PROF. T. M. OBAMUYI PROF. S. O. AKINMULEGUN PROF. F. M. EPETIMEHIN PROF. S. A. TELLA PROF. R. O. SOMOYE EDITORS PROF. S. O. ADEUSI PROF. A. O. ADARAMOLA DR. L. B. AJAYI M. O. OKE L. A. SULAIMAN DR. J. O. MOKUOLU DR. DAPO FAPETU DR. J. A. AJAYI   BUSINESS MANAGERS S. O. DADA DR.MRS. O. G. OBISESAN DR. MRS. A. O. ADEJAYAN DR. I. E. AJAYI   CALL FOR PAPERS   The Nigerian Journal of Banking and Financial Issues (NJBFI) provides a unique forum for the articulation and dissemination of applied research by academics and professionals in the field of Banking and Finance or tested disciplines. It is biannual journal published by the Department of Finance, Ekiti State University, Ado Ekiti, Nigeria. Interested contributors are invited to submit well researched papers which have not been provide published either in whole or part in any journal.   i  Three copies of the manuscript should be submitted, each copy of which must be typed on one side of A4 sized paper only and double spaced. Manuscript should not exceed twenty pages, including notes, reference, table and chart The cover page of each manuscript should contain title of papers, names(s) and additional of author(s) An abstract of not more than 120 words typed single spaced on a separate sheet book precede the main text. The short abstract should summarize the main argument of the article Bibliographical references should be indicated in the text using the author data style with page numbers where necessary. All reference must adopt America psychological Associate (APA) current style and reference pattern. Table and charts should be placed as close as possible to relevant discussion. End noted should be numbered consequently, and should not solely comprise references. Manuscript which do not conform to these guidelines may be returned     All manuscript and other correspondences should be sent to: The Managing Editor: Journal of Banking and Financial Issues C/o Department of Finance Ekiti State University, Ado -Ekiti, Nigeria.   OR   The Business Editor: Department of Finance, E-mail: [email protected]
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