24,815 research outputs found
The role of Plasmodium falciparum var genes in malaria in pregnancy
No full textSequestration of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes in the placenta is responsible for many of the harmful effects of malaria during pregnancy. Sequestration occurs as a result of parasite adhesion molecules expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes binding to host receptors in the placenta such as chondroitin sulphate A (CSA). Identification of the parasite ligand(s) responsible for placental adhesion could lead to the development of a vaccine to induce antibodies to prevent placental sequestration. Such a vaccine would reduce the maternal anaemia and infant deaths that are associated with malaria in pregnancy. Current research indicates that the parasite ligands mediating placental adhesion may be members of the P. falciparum variant surface antigen family PfEMP1, encoded by var genes. Two relatively well-conserved subfamilies of var genes have been implicated in placental adhesion, however, their role remains controversial. This review examines the evidence for and against the involvement of var genes in placental adhesion, and considers whether the most appropriate vaccine candidates have yet been identified
[A large bird and curved lines decorating a calling card for Miss. F. O. Rowe]
No full textFrank [Frances Rowe] ALS to George [Niles Bird], June 26, 1879. Smithfield, [Pa.], page 5. From a collection made up of correspondence, documents, ephemera, and other materials related to members of the Bird family of East Smithfield, Pennsylvania
Variations on the Author
No full text“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Phillip F. O\u27Connor, 2nd Annual ODU Literary Festival
No full textPhilip F. O\u27Connor is the author of Stealing Home, a summer 1979 Book-of-the Month-Club alternate. More than 50 of his short stories are in print; including work in the late Martha Foley\u27s The Best American Short Stories 1971.\u27\u27 Mr. O\u27Connor has written two collections of short stories: Old Morals, Small Continents, Darker Times, winner of the 1971 Iowa School of Letters Award for Short Fiction, and A Season of Unnatural Causes. In 1969 he introduced the M.F A program in creative writing at Bowling Green State University, where he now teaches. Mr. O\u27Connor is a member of the board of directors of the Associated Writing Programs
Turbocharger speed monitoring based on vibration measurements for diesel engine management
No full textPlasmodium falciparum:Rosettes do not protect merozoites from invasion-inhibitory antibodies
No full textRosetting is a parasite adhesion phenotype associated with severe malaria in African children. Why parasites form rosettes is unknown, although enhanced invasion or immune evasion have been suggested as possible functions. Previous work showed that rosetting does not enhance parasite invasion under standard in vitro conditions. We hypothesised that rosetting might promote invasion in the presence of host invasion-inhibitory antibodies, by allowing merozoites direct entry into the erythrocytes in the rosette and so minimising exposure to plasma antibodies. We therefore investigated whether rosetting influences invasion in the presence of invasion-inhibitory antibodies to MSP-1. We found no difference in invasion rates between isogenic rosetting and non-rosetting lines from two parasite strains, R29 and TM284, in the presence of MSP-1 antibodies (P = 0.62 and P = 0.63, Student's t test, TM284 and R29, respectively). These results do not support the hypothesis that rosettes protect merozoites from inhibitory antibodies during invasion. The biological function of rosetting remains unknown
Clarkcomanthus Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles & Vail 1986
No full textClarkcomanthus Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles & Vail, 1986 Table 1; Figs. 12–14 Type species. Comanthus luteofuscum HL Clark, 1915. Other included taxa (7). Actinometra alternans Carpenter, 1881; Actinometra littoralis Carpenter, 1888; Clarkcomanthus albinotus Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles & Vail, 1986; Comanthus mirabilis Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles & Vail, 1986; Comanthus perplexum HL Clark, 1916; Comanthus (Vania) parvicirra ß comanthipinna Gislén, 1922; Oxycomanthus exilis Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles & Vail, 1986; Oxycomanthus mirus Rowe, Hoggett, Birtles & Vail, 1986. Diagnosis. Mouth excentric in fully developed individuals; up to 125 arms; centrodorsal circular to pentagonal; cirri in one row or absent (Figs. 12 E–F, 12J, 12L–M, 13C–H, 13K–M, 13Q, 13S); IBr2 united by synarthry; IIBr and subsequent brachitaxes 2 or 4(3+4); first syzygy at 3+4 on all undivided arms; distal intersyzygial interval 4; distalmost pinnule comb on P2, P3, or at intervals sometimes reaching near arm tip; comb terminating in large discrete tooth, or tapering either to a smaller terminal tooth or to a point; primary comb tooth confluent with exterior edge of pinnulars or nonconfluent; smaller secondary tooth present or not; transverse proximal tooth present or not (Fig. 13 I–J, N, R, T). Distribution. Tropical and warm temperate Indo-western Pacific from northern Australia (Lancelin, WA, to Byron Bay, NSW), east to Kwajalein (C. alternans identified as Comanthus briareus in Zmarzly 1985), Fiji and Tonga, and north to Sagami Bay, Japan. Except for western Australia and Indonesia, no reliable records are yet known from the Indian Ocean (AH Clark 1931; Kogo & Fujita 2014; Rowe et al. 1986; Rowe & Gates 1995; Zmarzly 1985). Depth range: 0–144 m; chiefly shallower than 50 m. Molecular results. Summers et al. (2014a) expanded Clarkcomanthus to contain eight clades as species-level taxa. All but one was assignable to an available species name (uncorrected distances of COI minimally>2.8% between each) (Fig. 14). In addition to the three species previously included in Clarkcomanthus, two each were formerly assigned to Comanthus (C. alternans, C. mirabilis) and Oxycomanthus (O. comanthipinnus, O. mirus). The unnamed clade included only one specimen identified in the field at Raja Ampat, Indonesia, as Oxycomanthus exilis. Those assignable to descriptions of Australian Clarkcomanthus exilis and Cl. comanthipinnus also formed a clade with intra specific divergence <0.3%, suggesting that Australian comanthipinnus and exilis are the same species. Although we did not sequence specimens from near the type locality of O. comanthipinnus (Bonin Islands, Japan), the identifications are unambiguous, and exilis appears to simply be smaller specimens of comanthipinnus. Multiple specimens assigned morphologically to Clarkcomanthus littoralis based on Rowe et al. (1986) nested within a clade of specimens identified as Cl. albinotus (intra specific divergence <2.3%). Remarks. The taxa included in Clarkcomanthus possess a wide variety of comb structures, e.g., teeth paired or not, confluent or not, tapering to a point or not, and with a transverse proximal tooth or not. Unlike Comanthus, however, Clarkcomanthus species share combs restricted to the most proximal few pairs of pinnules [although a few combs sometimes occur beyond mid-arm in Cl. alternans (Rowe et al. 1986)]. Also, although Cl. alternans and Cl. mirabilis have a transverse proximal comb tooth as in Comanthus species, the following teeth are well separated, unlike the triangular, basally abutting teeth in Comanthus species. Clarkcomanthus is most abundant along the reef crest and in shallow water. Members showcase incredible morphological variation, especially in color patterns, leading us to suggest that robust identifications should incorporate genetic information. Within Clarkcomanthus, cirri are uniformly absent in Cl. mirabilis and Cl. littoralis (see below), and are lost with development in Cl. alternans and, possibly, Cl. mirus (Rowe et al. 1986).Published as part of Summers, Mindi M., Messing, Charles G. & Rouse, Greg W., 2017, The genera and species of Comatulidae (Comatulida: Crinoidea): taxonomic revisions and a molecular and morphological guide, pp. 151-190 in Zootaxa 4268 (2) on pages 176-180, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4268.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/58017
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