1,720,996 research outputs found
M. Griner, La «pupilla» del duce. La legione autonoma mobile Ettore Muti, Bollati Boringhieri, Torino 2004.
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Barbara Henry, Daniele Menozzi, Paolo Pezzino (a cura di), Le vie della libertà. Maestri e discepoli nel “laboratorio pisano” tra il 1938 e il 1943, Carocci, Roma 2008.
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Interpretations of Fascism as a Political Religion in Post-Fascist Italy (1943-1948)
No full textIn the last two decades considerable work has been devoted to Italian Fascism
considered as a form of political religion. Yet the debate about the religious nature of
Italian fascism after the fall of the regime is almost completely neglected. After July 1943
anti-Fascist public discourse aimed at promoting the so-called ‘antifascist paradigm’. This
reassuring narrative, which depicted fascism as a regime that had failed its goal to fascistize
the Italian people, was supposed to allow the country to start a new democratic life, but produced
a substantial misunderstanding of the actual nature of Mussolini’s regime. Opposing
this trend, some Catholic and ex-fascist intellectuals affirmed a counter-narrative of the
recent past. They described fascism as a contemporary, religious-based totalitarian regime,
and attributed to these features its appeal to Italian society. The opinions expressed by
these intellectuals openly recalled those of Italian anti-fascists as well as Christian and lay
intellectuals all over Europe who, starting from the mid-1930s, had acknowledged the religious
nature of contemporary totalitarianism. From this point of view, they became part of a wider
school of thought which sought to understand the phenomenon of the sacralization of politics.
Intentionally disregarded and misunderstood by their contemporaries, these intellectuals nonetheless
left a valuable patrimony of knowledge which, subsequently brought to light, has represented
the basis for the elaboration of more advanced interpretations of the twentiethcentury
totalitarian experience
Los intelectuales italianos y la transiciòn al postfascismo
No full textItalian intellectuals and the transition to post-fascism
This article tries to assess the still controversial question concerning the legacy of fascism in Italy. The analysis of post-war debate on the fascist experience among the intellectuals shows the emergence of the theme of Italians’ ‘collective guilt’. The call for a collective examination of conscience was opposed by a trend to forget the consent to fascist regime by the invention of an anti-fascist past. This was not the result – as usually stated – of the Italians’ chameleon-like attitude, but rather the symptom of the un-capability of Italian society, as a whole, to cope with its recent past.
The second part of the article focuses on the transition to post-Fascism of the young intellectuals grown up during the fascist regime. All the contemporary observers agreed on the point that the youth had been deeply affected by fascist ideology. In effect, the difficult relationship between the anti-Fascist movement and the younger generation and its rejection of both Fascist and anti-Fascist ideologies and values suggest the permanence of a totalitarian formation among post-war youth: a way to interpret the role and the goals of politics survived to the breakdown of the regime. The burden of fascist education made the integration of young intellectuals into the new democratic system a complex and painful process
Mauro Forno, Fascismo e informazione. Ermanno Amicucci e la rivoluzione giornalistica incompiuta, Edizioni dall'Orso, 2003.
No full textThe Examination of Conscience of the Nation: The Lost Debate About Collective Guilt in Italy, 1943-5
No full textThe ‘Examination of Conscience’ of the Nation: The Lost Debate About the ‘Collective Guilt’ in Italy, 1943-1945
The article tries to assess the still controversial question concerning the legacy of fascism in Italy focusing on the early post-war discussion about the dictatorship. It shows the emergence of the theme of Italians’ ‘collective guilt’, generally neglected by Italian historiography. It is a matter of fact that the final result of the struggle between conflicting narratives was to draw a veil of oblivion over the past. Anyway, I suggest that for a better understanding of the awkward relationships between Italian society and its fascist past it is necessary to put aside a moralistic approach toward the contemporaries’ attitude to forget and try to evaluate it, rather, as the dramatic consequences of the totalitarian experience
La formazione della gioventù in regime fascista. La scuola e le organizzazioni giovanili
No full textAll’indomani della caduta del regime, le principali forze politico-culturali dell’antifascismo proposero all’attenzione dell’opinione pubblica la «questione dei giovani» formati nel regime, denunciando la loro inadeguatezza a partecipare allo sforzo di ricostruzione democratica della vita pubblica, perché profondamente influenzata dai miti e dai valori del fascismo. Le preoccupazioni per gli effetti dell’educazione fascista dei giovani non erano affatto infondate. Dalla metà degli anni venti il fascismo aveva avviato il più grande esperimento di pedagogia politica di massa mai tentato nella storia nazionale. Convinti che per creare un nuovo tipo umano occorresse cominciare il processo di formazione dalla più tenera età, i fascisti avevano perseguito con costanza e ostinazione l’obiettivo di inquadrare la gioventù all’interno delle proprie organizzazioni. L’articolo esamina il ruolo della Scuola e delle organizzazioni giovanili quali strumenti attraverso i quali il fascismo tentò di realizzare l’esperimento di creazione delle prime generazioni allevate integralmente nel laboratorio dello Stato totalitario.
Se il limite principale all’attuazione della volontà di mobilitazione e formazione totalitaria dei giovani fu costituito dalle oggettive condizioni di arretratezza socioeconomica del paese e per quanto non sia agevole valutare con precisione gli effetti della pedagogia totalitaria, trattandosi di bambini e di adolescenti, non si può non riconoscere tuttavia, anche sulla scorta di recenti indagini a carattere locale, che il sistema scuola-GIL, coadiuvato dalla onnipresente propaganda e dal clima generale dell’Italia del tempo, riuscì a ottenere una acculturazione fascista, per così dire, “di base” della massa dei giovani. Le scelte degli appartenenti alla «generazione del littorio» rappresentano il terreno sul quale tentare di valutare i risultati dell’educazione fascista
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