3,675 research outputs found
The Making of 'Great Benin': Felix Norman Roth and Henry Ling Roth
No full textThe 1897 punitive expedition against Benin City was arguably one of the key events in the history of the British Empire and certainly pivotal in West African history. Ola Rotimi's tragic drama depicting the episode, 'Ovonramwen Nogbaisi (1974), is one of the best-known plays within Nigeria; there is also the pageant, 'Oba Ovonramwen' (1996), Emwinma Ogieriakhi's dramatisation of the fall of Benin. The story has been told variously by European as well as Nigerian historians (Egharevba 1960; Ryder 1969; Home 1982). This chapter, however, is concerned with the contribution to the historical and ethnographic record by Henry Ling Roth (1855-1925) and his brother Felix Norman Roth (1857-1921). They had a major influence upon late Victorian and early Edwardian British and European understandings of the history and culture of the Niger River peoples, the effect of which is subtly continuing. Felix worked with the Medical Service of the Niger Coast Protectorate, and took part in the sacking of Benin, while Henry was what we would now consider a 'salvage anthropologist', curator of the Bankfield Museum in Halifax (Yorkshire), and author (six years after the sacking) of an apparently exhaustive study of the traditional culture of Benin, which he wrongly believed to have been totally extinguished by the British invasion (HL Roth 1903[1968])
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Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."(photograph)
No full textPhotograph of Felix Almaraz, Author and Teacher, "The Tragic Calvalier."
The Crisis and citizens' trust in central banks. CEPS Commentaries, 26 August 2009
No full textDespite the constructive role played by central banks in stabilising financial systems throughout the crisis, trust in central banks has declined and the reaction of central banks to the crisis is generally judged as unsatisfactory. In a new Commentary, Daniel Gros and Felix Roth warn that central bankers all over the world must redouble their efforts to regain the trust of their citizens towards their institutions or they will face political problems sooner or later
INTANGIBLE CAPITAL AND LABOR PRODUCTIVITY GROWTH: PANEL EVIDENCE FOR THE EU FROM 1998-2005
No full textUsing new international comparable data on intangible capital investment by business within a panel analysis between 1998 and 2005 in an EU country sample, a positive and significant relationship between intangible capital investment and labor productivity growth is detected. This relationship proves to be robust to a range of alterations. The empirical analysis confirms previous findings that the inclusion of business intangible capital investment in the asset boundary of the national accounting framework increases the rate of change of output per hour worked more rapidly. In addition, intangible capital is able to explain a significant portion of the unexplained international variance in labor productivity growth, and becomes a dominant source of growth
Has the financial crisis spurred demand for stronger state regulation? CEPS Working Document No. 336/September 2010
No full textThis paper analyses whether the financial crisis has affected citizens’ confidence in the free market economy and whether it has triggered citizens’ demand for a free market economy with stronger state regulations. Using panel data, the paper confirms that citizens’ confidence levels in the free market economy have decreased in most of the largest economies and demand for a free market economy with stronger state regulation has increased on both sides of the Atlantic. After analysing the determinants for citizens’ confidence in the free market economy and demand for a free market economy with stronger state regulation before and after the financial crisis, the author concludes that citizens’ net confidence loss in the free market economy seems to have been driven by rising unemployment rates, and citizens’ demand for stronger state regulation seems to have been driven by the real economic downturn in GDP growth
Fair allocation of telemedical counseling services in early detection of Alzheimer's disease: Empirically informed ethical considerations
No full textAbstract INTRODUCTION Counseling for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection is essential, especially regarding emerging blood‐based biomarkers. The increasing need for counseling requires innovative approaches and simultaneously consideration of ethical issues. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS Telemedicine is discussed as a means of providing more accessible and fairer health care. Nevertheless, barriers to accessing telemedicine are important to consider, such as required technical hardware and ethical criteria regarding interpersonal counseling, including individual adaptation of information to ensure self‐determined decision‐making. Regarding resource allocation, issues must be considered before telemedicine is implemented. THEORETICAL REFLECTION Fair counseling structures require the discussion of resource allocation. To avoid justifying telemedical counseling based solely on cost‐effectiveness and overlooking further ethical demands, we propose a ranked approach. To strengthening self‐determined decisions, we argue that equal care structures can be built on these prerequisite aspects and enable realization of fair resource allocation as a last step. Highlights Blood‐based biomarkers in Alzheimer's disease (AD) facilitate easier access to risk assessment and early detection. Currently, insufficient pre‐diagnostic counseling structures exist which support informed decision‐making. Telemedicine may be a meaningful approach for innovative counseling services. However, unresolved ethical and legal issues regarding telemedical counseling services for the early detection of AD must first be addressed. Telemedical counseling in the early detection of AD is yet rarely discussed in the literature. Therefore, we combine insights from ethical analysis of telemedical counseling with the ethical issues of fair and empowering counseling in the early detection of AD separately. In a second step, we discuss the use of telemedical counseling for the early detection of AD inductively to highlight ethically relevant aspects and present our considerations in light of the principles of autonomy, non‐maleficence, beneficence, and justice. To provide ethical guidance for possible future implementation without overprioritizing one approach to counseling for the early detection of AD, considerations regarding fair resource allocation are required. We argue that three major ethical topics should be considered in the future: Strengthening individuals’ autonomy, equal care structures, and fair resource allocation.Universitätsmedizin Göttingen https://doi.org/10.13039/10001914
Has the Financial Crisis Shattered Citizens’ Trust in National and European Governmental Institutions? Evidence from the EU Member States, 1999–2010
No full textCrisis and Public Support for the Euro, 1990–2014
No full textThis article analyses the evolution of public support for the single European currency, the euro, from 1990 to 2014 for a 12-country sample of the euro area (EA-12), focusing on the most recent period of the financial and sovereign debt crisis, starting in 2008. We find that citizens’ support for the euro on average was marginally reduced during the first six years of the crisis, and that support has remained at high levels. While the pronounced increase in unemployment in the EA-12 throughout the crisis has led to a marked decline in trust in the European Central Bank (ECB), it is only weakly related to support for the euro
Who can be trusted after the financial crisis? CEPS Working Document No. 322, November 2009
No full textThis study attempts to assess the extent to which the financial crisis has damaged citizens’ trust in public institutions, especially the confidence that European citizens invest in the European institutions. The results of major public opinion surveys show a severe decrease in citizens’ trust in the immediate aftermath of the financial crisis with a slight recovery nine month later. In particular, citizens’ net trust in the European Central Bank hit an historical low point in the aftermath of the financial crisis with a majority of people distrusting that institution. A variety of other surveys also show that confidence levels in the free market economy have decreased in most of the largest economies and demand for stronger state regulation has increased on both sides of the Atlantic. The key question now is whether this loss of confidence is a temporary or permanent phenomenon, which would have important consequences for the economy and for the proper working of the European institutions
Parents’ assets and child marriage: are mother’s assets more protective than father’s assets?
No full textChild marriage places girls at an increased risk for dropping out of school early, sexually transmitted infections, teenage childbirth, and accompanying childbirth complications, including maternal mortality. The determinants of child marriage are not clearly understood, which hinders efforts to mount effective interventions. This study examined the link between economic resources and child marriage by investigating whether maternal and paternal asset ownership were longitudinally associated with daughters’ child marriage in Ethiopia. Drawing upon household bargaining theory, it was hypothesized that maternal assets would be more protective of daughters’ child marriage than paternal assets. Data for 4,293 girls from the nationally representative Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey, fielded in 2011 and 2014, were employed. Logistic regression and instrumental variable analyses were used to examine the relationship between transition into child marriage during the study period and maternal and paternal assets, controlling for child-, family-, and community-level characteristics. Results show that a one standard deviation increase in mother’s assets was associated with 37–53% lower odds of daughter’s child marriage whereas a one standard deviation increase in paternal asset holdings was associated with 0–37% higher odds of daughter’s child marriage. Effects were strongest in regions where the dominant mode of marriage payments is bride price. These results suggest that the link between economic resources and child marriage depends on the gender of the parent who owns the resources. This study also highlights the interconnectedness of two targets of the gender equality Sustainable Development Goal—improvement of women’s ownership of assets and the elimination of child marriage—and suggests that the realization of one gender equality target could have implications for other targets.Peer reviewe
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