164 research outputs found
Class I DISARM provides anti-phage and anti-conjugation activity by unmethylated DNA recognition
No full textBacteriophages impose a strong evolutionary pressure on microbes for the development of mechanisms of survival. Multiple new mechanisms of innate defense have been described recently, with the molecular mechanism of most of them remaining uncharacterized. Here, we show that a Class 1 DISARM (defense island system associated with restriction-modification) system from Serratia sp. provides broad protection from double-stranded DNA phages, and drives a population of single-stranded phages to extinction. We identify that protection is not abolished by deletion of individual DISARM genes and that the absence of methylase genes drmMI and drmMII does not result in autoimmunity. In addition to antiphage activity we also observe that DISARM limits conjugation, and this activity is linked to the number of methylase cognate sites in the plasmid. Overall, we show that Class 1 DISARM provides robust anti-phage and anti-plasmid protection mediated primarily by drmA and drmB, which provide resistance to invading nucleic acids using a mechanism enhanced by the recognition of unmethylated cognate sites of the two methylases drmMI and drmMII
Makna Pantun Pada Upacara Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Melayu Di Desa Sorek 2 Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan
No full textPantun is an orderly and structured bound language that can give direction, guidance, direction, and guidance. The language used in rhymes can also be studied in terms of meaning, one of which is denotative and connotative meaning. The problem studied in this study is what is the meaning of the rhyme at the traditional marriage ceremony of the Malay community in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency? This study aims to describe, analyze, and interpret the denotative and connotative meanings of the rhyme at the traditional Malay marriage ceremony in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency. The theory used in this study is the theory of Chaer (2009) and (2012). The method used in this research is descriptive method. Data collection techniques used in this study are documentation techniques and interview techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 1) From 200 lines of rhymes in 50 rhymes that the author describes, there are 179 data on denotative meanings in marriage rhymes in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency, and 2) From 200 lines of rhymes in 50 stanzas In the rhyme that the author describes, there are 21 connotative meaning data in marriage rhymes in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency
Makna Pantun pada Upacara Adat Perkawinan Masyarakat Melayu di Desa Sorek 2 Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan
No full textPantun is an orderly and structured bound language that can provide direction, guidance, direction, and guidance. The language used in rhymes can also be studied in terms of meaning, one of which is denotative and connotative meaning. The problem studied in this study is what is the meaning of the rhyme at the traditional marriage ceremony of the Malay community in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency? This study aims to describe, analyze, and interpret the denotative and connotative meanings of the rhyme at the traditional Malay marriage ceremony in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency. The theory used in this study is the theory of Chaer (2009) and (2012). The method used in this research is descriptive method. Data collection techniques used in this study are documentation techniques and interview techniques. Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that 1) From 200 lines of rhymes in 50 rhymes that the author describes, there are 179 data on denotative meanings in marriage rhymes in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency, and 2) From 200 lines of rhymes in 50 stanzas In the rhyme that the author describes, there are 21 connotative meaning data in marriage rhymes in Sorek 2 Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency
Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Tugas Lurah Dalam Pendistribusian Beras Miskin Di Kelurahan Sorek Satu Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan
No full textThis research was carried out in Sorek Satu Village, Pangkalan Kuras Subdistrict, Pelalawan Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the implementation of the village head's task in the distribution of poor rice in the
Sorek sub-district, one of the base districts of Pelalawan District. The usefulness of this research is as input for the Government in Sorek Satu Village, Pangkalan Kuras Subdistrict, Pelalawan Regency. The theory used in this study is the evaluation theory proposed by Ndraha, including; Monitor the Right Target, Monitor the right amount, Monitor the Right Prices, Monitor Timely, Monitor the Right Quality and Monitor the Right Administration. This research method is a descriptive survey using quantitative methods. This Penetian location is in Pelalawan District, Pangkalan Kuras District, Sorek Satu District. The population in this study was 309 people. The sampling technique in this study used a census method for Pangkalan Kuras sub-district head, one village head and head of social
welfare section and used random sampling technique for the head of RT and recipient of poor rice in Sorek Satu village, the sample in this study the author set as many as 38 people. Data collection techniques in this study use techniques using interviews, questionnaires, observation and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the village head's task in the distribution of poor rice in Sorek Village, one of the base districts of Pelalawan Regency was categorized as "Enough Enforced" at a percentage of 34% -66%, meaning that the six indicators used had not been maximally implemented. This is because the people who receive the poor rice assistance program are not on target, because of the lack of supervision from the kelurahan in recording the target families of the recipients of poor rice. The price is not right because some people find it difficult to buy rice because not all RTS-PM have sufficient funds when distributing poor rice. And also the implementation of the poor rice program in the village is in the spotlight, one is not exactly the amount, because it only divides rice to the poor as much as 10 kg / kg in a month
How Prevalent is Functional Alternative Splicing in the
No full textthis article can be found at doi: 10.1016/j.tig.2003.12.004 Corresponding author: Gil Ast ([email protected]
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Genome-wide experimental determination of barriers to horizontal gene transfer
No full textHorizontal gene transfer, in which genetic material is transferred from the genome of one organism to another, has been investigated in microbial species mainly through computational sequence analyses. To address the lack of experimental data, we studied the attempted movement of 246,045 genes from 79 prokaryotic genomes into E. coli and identified genes that consistently fail to transfer. We studied the mechanisms underlying transfer inhibition by placing coding regions from different species under the control of inducible promoters. Their toxicity to the host inhibited transfer regardless of the species of origin and our data suggest that increased gene dosage and associated increased expression is a predominant cause for transfer failure. While these experimental studies examined transfer solely into E. coli, a computational analysis of gene transfer rates across available bacterial and archaeal genomes indicates that the barriers observed in our study are general across the tree of life
The birth of new exons: Mechanisms and evolutionary consequences
No full textABSTRACT A significant amount of literature was dedicated to hypotheses concerning the origin of ancient introns and exons, but accumulating evidence indicates that new exons are also constantly being added to evolving genomes. Several mechanisms contribute to the creation of novel exons in metazoan genomes, including whole gene and single exon duplications, but perhaps the most intriguing are events of exonization, where intronic sequences become exons de novo. Exonizations of intronic sequences, particularly those originating from repetitive elements, are now widely documented in many genomes including human, mouse, dog, and fish. Such de novo appearance of exons is very frequently associated with alternative splicing, with the new exon-containing variant typically being the rare one. This allows the new variant to be evolutionarily tested without compromising the original one, and provides an evolutionary strategy for generation of novel functions with minimum damage to the existing functional repertoire. This review discusses the molecular mechanisms leading to exonization, its extent in vertebrate genomes, and its evolutionary implications
Analisis Kesejahteraan Petani Karet Di Desa Sorek Dua Kecamatan Pangkalan Kuras Kabupaten Pelalawan
No full textThis study aims to determine the income of rubber farmers and the level of welfare of rubber farmers in Sorek Dua Village, Pangkalan Kuras District, Pelalawan Regency. The sample from this study amounted to 37 rubber farmers using a survey method, namely by questionnaires and interviews. In analyzing the data, the author uses descriptive analysis with a quantitative approach. Descriptive analysis is an analysis that describes the problem clearly on the data being researched and defines the data that comes from primary data and secondary data which then concludes the results. While quantitative analysis is called statistical analysis. The results of this study indicate that: (1) the average monthly income of rubber farmers in Sorek Dua Village, Pangkalan Kuras Subdistrict, is Rp. 3,790,703, (2) The overall income of rubber farmers is also still much below the number of Decent Living Needs. Lack of care for old rubber plants will also reduce rubber production, thus affecting the income of rubber farmers. The overall average income of rubber farmers is Rp. 3,790,703. Rubber farmers who are prosperous or above the KHL figure are 5 people or 13.51%. Meanwhile, rubber farmers who are not prosperous or below the KHL figure are 32 people or 86.49%
Non-self RNA sensing in virus infected cells and activation of antiviral immunity
No full textColloque organisé par Jean-Luc Imler (Université de Strasbourg) et Raul Andino (UCSF, USA) du 27 août au 1er septembre 2012 Participants Shizuo Akira, Raul Andino, Bruce Beutler, Stephen Cusack, Ding Shou-Wei, Takashi Fujita, Akira Tajima-Goto, Otto Haller, Jules Hoffmann, Veit Hornung, Jean-Luc Imler, Karim Majzoub, Carine Meignin, Eric Miska, Jan Rehwinkel, Carla Saleh, Rotem Sorek, Volker Thiel, Joao Trindade Marques, Ronald van Rij, Olivier Voinnet, Friedemann Weber -- Abstract Innate imm..
Extensive reshaping of bacterial operons by programmed mRNA decay
No full textBacterial operons synchronize the expression of multiple genes by placing them under the control of a shared promoter. It was previously shown that polycistronic transcripts can undergo differential RNA decay, leaving some genes within the polycistron more stable than others, but the extent of regulation by differential mRNA decay or its evolutionary conservation remains unknown. Here, we find that a substantial fraction of E. coli genes display non-uniform mRNA stoichiometries despite being coded from the same operon. We further show that these altered operon stoichiometries are shaped post-transcriptionally by differential mRNA decay, which is regulated by RNA structures that protect specific regions in the transcript from degradation. These protective RNA structures are generally coded within the protein-coding regions of the regulated genes and are frequently evolutionarily conserved. Furthermore, we provide evidence that differences in ribosome densities across polycistronic transcript segments, together with the conserved structural RNA elements, play a major role in the differential decay process. Our results highlight a major role for differential mRNA decay in shaping bacterial transcriptomes.</div
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