56 research outputs found
Proper nouns in Polish and English translation of Evgeny Schwartz’s Дракон
No full textIn the article we analyze proper nouns occurring in Evgeny Schwartz’s Дракон. A very important aspect which should be considered in the play’s translation is its intertextuality. The author refers to other works by taking over the characters and introducing the prototype text components. We will look over the only Polish translation of Jerzy Pomianowski (1965) and three English translations of Elisaveta Fen (1975), Yuri Machkasov (2001) and Anna Epelbaum (2013)
Strangeness S =-1 hyperon-nucleon scattering in covariant chiral effective field theory
No full textMotivated by the successes of covariant baryon chiral perturbation theory in one-baryon systems and in heavy-light systems, we study relevance of relativistic effects in hyperon-nucleon interactions with strangeness S = -1. In this exploratory work, we follow the covariant framework developed by Epelbaum and Gegelia to calculate the YN scattering amplitude at leading order. By fitting the five low-energy constants to the experimental data, we find that the cutoff dependence is mitigated, compared with the heavy-baryon approach. Nevertheless, the description of the experimental data remains quantitatively similar at leading order.National Natural Science Foundation of China [11375024, 11522539, 11375120]; Fundamental Research Funds for the Central UniversitiesSCI(E)[email protected]
Education and earnings inequality in Mexico
No full textEducation attainment levels increased dramatically for Mexico's labor force in the 1980s and early 1990s. In parallel, the country experienced a pronounced increase in earnings inequality from 1984-94, reflected in a higher dispersion of wages and an absolute decline in the real incomes of less educated, poorer Mexicans. This increased wage dispersion presents policymakers with a tradeoff between efficiency considerations (favoring increased spending on higher education) and equity considerations (favoring a more equal distribution of per student spending) in the allocation of fiscal resources to education. The author concludes that the best way to deal with this equity-efficiency tradeoff is to encourage greater private participation in higher education. His main findings are that: a) The accumulation of human capital during 1984-94, as proxied by education attainment, was accompanied by a more equal distribution of education attainment levels over that period and, thus, exerted an equalizing effect on the distribution of incomes. The increased income inequalityobserved over that period appears to be caused by an increased rate of skill-based technological change, whose transmission to Mexico and other developing countries may have been facilitated by the increased openness of their economies. b) The greater dispersion of wager observed in Mexico during the past decade raised the rates of return on investing in higher education, reversing the traditional pattern where primary education exhibits the highest rates of return. c) The social rates of return across levels of schooling were more uniform in 1994 than in 1984, suggesting a more efficient assignment of education spending. At the same time, the distribution of spending on education became more egalitarian, as per student spending in higher education declined markedly compared with per student spending at the primary level. This surprising coincidence in the pattern of spending on education was only possible because Mexico started out with a very distorted resource allocation in education that was both highly inequitable and inefficient. As Mexico's policymakers are on the way to correcting these distortions, the opportunities for avoiding the equity-efficiency tradeoff within Mexico's centralized education framework will become progressively exhausted. d) There is little reason to expect the pace of technological change, which appears mainly responsible for raising wage dispersion and the relative returns on higher education, to abate. Efficiency considerations dictate that Mexico should respond by devoting more resources to higher education. However, the federal budget, which traditionally has financed the lion's share of higher education costs in Mexico, is unable to accommodate additional spending on higher education, while spending cuts elsewhere in the education sector are bound to raise serious equity questions. Thus, to avoid falling behind in terms of human capital accumulation, greater private sector participation is necessary, at least, in terms of cost recovery from the main beneficiaries of higher education.Decentralization,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Public Health Promotion,Curriculum&Instruction,Teaching and Learning,Environmental Economics&Policies,Health Monitoring&Evaluation,Gender and Education,Curriculum&Instruction
Fast identification of biological pathways associated with a quantitative trait using group lasso with overlaps.
No full textWhere causal SNPs (single nucleotide polymorphisms) tend to accumulate within biological pathways, the incorporation of prior pathways information into a statistical model is expected to increase the power to detect true associations in a genetic association study. Most existing pathways-based methods rely on marginal SNP statistics and do not fully exploit the dependence patterns among SNPs within pathways.We use a sparse regression model, with SNPs grouped into pathways, to identify causal pathways associated with a quantitative trait. Notable features of our "pathways group lasso with adaptive weights" (P-GLAW) algorithm include the incorporation of all pathways in a single regression model, an adaptive pathway weighting procedure that accounts for factors biasing pathway selection, and the use of a bootstrap sampling procedure for the ranking of important pathways. P-GLAW takes account of the presence of overlapping pathways and uses a novel combination of techniques to optimise model estimation, making it fast to run, even on whole genome datasets.In a comparison study with an alternative pathways method based on univariate SNP statistics, our method demonstrates high sensitivity and specificity for the detection of important pathways, showing the greatest relative gains in performance where marginal SNP effect sizes are small
Trade Liberalization, Employment Flows and Wage Inequality in Brazil
No full textUsing nationally representative, economy-wide data, this paper investigates the relative importance of trade-mandated effects on industry wage premiums; industry and economy-wide skill premiums; and employment flows in accounting for changes in the wage distribution in Brazil during the 1988-95 trade liberalization. Unlike in other Latin American countries, trade liberalization appears to have made a significant contribution towards a reduction in wage inequality. These effects have not occurred through changes in industry-specific (wage or skill) premiums. Instead, they appear to have been channelled through substantial employment flows across sectors and formality categories. Changes in the economy-wide skill premium are also important.trade liberalization, inequality, employment flows, Brazil
Minhas mudanças pessoais na prática de grupoterapia psicanalítica
No full textThis work aims to delineate the mains transformations experienced by the author related to his contemporary position as a therapist that marks his understandings and practice in the psychoanalytic group practice clinic. To do so, this work focuses the most important aspects of the group analytic space, which are present in the quotidian of the clinic: Selecting people and the Composition of a Group, Resistance and Counter Resistance, Transference and Counter Transference, Communication, Acting Out, Interpretative Activity, Insight, Elaboration and Mental Growth.O presente trabalho objetiva traçar as principais transformações que estão se processando no autor, no que diz respeito à sua contemporânea posição, a partir da qual compreende e maneja a clínica da grupoterapia psicanalítica. Para tanto são enfocados os principais aspectos do campo analítico grupal, que estão presentes em sua clínica cotidiana: Seleção e Composição de um grupo, Resistência e Contraresistência, Transferência e Contratransferência, Comunicação, Actings, Atividade Interpretativa, Insight, Elaboração e Crescimento Mental.Esto trabajo tiene objetivo de trazar las principales transformaciones que están si procesando en el autor, en que hace respecto a su contemporánea posición, partir de la cual comprende y maneja la clínica de grupo terapia psicoanalítica. Para esto son evocados los principales aspectos del campo analítico grupal, que están presentes en su clínica cotidiana: Selección y Composición de un Grupo, Resistencia y Contra resistencia, Transferencia y Contra transferencia, Comunicación, Actings, Actividad Interpretativa, Insight, Elaboración y Crecimiento Mental
Employment and wage effects of trade liberalization : the case of Mexican manufacturing
No full textIn 1985, after decades of an import-substitution industrial strategy, Mexico initiated a radical liberalization of its external sector. Between 1985 and 1988, import licensing requirements were scaled back to a quarter of earlier levels, reference prices were removed, and tariff rates on most products were substantially reduced. By 1989, Mexico was one of the most open economies in the developing world. Adjusting to trade liberalization required the reallocation of resources between sectors and entailed substantial dislocation of workers. The author analyzes how Mexico's trade liberalization (1985-87) affected employment and wages in indusry, focusing on how it affected average employment and earnings rather than on the link between trade and relative wages. She examines the tradeoff between wage and employment adjustment, identifies which labor groups benefited more from liberalization, and tries to associate changes in employment and wages directly with measures of change in trade protection, rather than link them to changes in imports and exports (which is more common). The author also finds that reductions in quota coverage and tariff levels are associated with moderate reductions in firm-level employment. A 10-point reduction in tariff levels (between 1985 and 1990) is associated with a 2- to 3- percent decline in employment in Mexico. Changes in quota average appear to have no discernible effect on wages, but reduction in tariff levels are associated with increases in average wages. This seems to reflect improved productivity in the reformed industries, which may be related to a shift toward the use of more skilled workers. There seems to have been a slight shift in the skill mix in favor of nonproduction workers. This was paralleled by a sharper increase in the wage differential between skilled and unskilled workers. The wages and employment of skilled production workers were significantly more responsive to changes in protection levels than those of nonproduction workers - perhaps partly because production workers were more heavily concentrated in the industries in which protection levels were greatly reduced.Environmental Economics&Policies,Municipal Financial Management,Economic Theory&Research,Labor Policies,Banks&Banking Reform,Municipal Financial Management,Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,TF054105-DONOR FUNDED OPERATION ADMINISTRATION FEE INCOME AND EXPENSE ACCOUNT,Banks&Banking Reform
Molecular profiling (MP)-selected therapy for the treatment of patients with advanced pancreaticobiliary cancer (PBC).
No full text 195 Background: For patients (pts) with advanced PBC who are able to pursue additional therapy, treatment selection is often empiric and clinical benefits are usually modest. Our goal was to study clinical outcomes of MP-guided treatment in advanced PBC. Methods: This retrospective analysis included pts with advanced PBC whose tissue samples underwent MP (IHC, microarray [MA], and sequencing analyses) using Target Now (Caris Life Sciences, Irving, TX). These pts received ≥1 lines of therapy for advanced PBC before their treatment was guided by MP. The MP-guided therapy was considered to have clinical benefit if the TTP ratio between the longest TTP on MP-guided therapy and the TTP on the last therapy pre-MP was ≥1.3. Results: Out of 20 pts included in the analysis, 16 had advanced cancer of the pancreas. Median age was 59 yrs (range: 30-81), 85% were male, and 60% had PS of 1. Pts had 1-4 treatment regimens (median: 1) prior to MP. MP identified 1-7 (median: 4) actionable targets per pt. The most commonly identified targets by IHC were: negative or low TS (80%), high TOPO1 (70%), negative or low ERCC1 (52%), and high SPARC (40%). In all 14 pts that had MA results, multiple actionable targets were identified. Of 14 pts with KRAS sequencing analysis, 10 pts (71%) had mutations. Post-MP, pts had 1-4 (median: 1) treatment regimens, most commonly FOLFIRI/XELIRI, FOLFOX/XELOX, capecitabine, and nab-paclitaxel. The total number of regimens post-MP was 33, of which 29 were evaluable for decision impact analysis. In 24 (83%) of cases, treatment decision was modified due to the MP results. Out of the 20 pts, 4 received ≤1 cycle of MP-guided therapy during rapidly progressing disease and were excluded from the clinical outcome analysis. Of the 16 evaluable pts, 6 (37.5%) had a TTP ratio of ≥1.3 (one-sided exact binomial test vs a null hypothesis of ≤15% with TTP ratio ≥1.3, P=0.0056; therefore the null hypothesis is rejected). Conclusions: In our retrospective analysis of a small, yet well-defined, cohort of pts with advanced PBC, MP often influenced treatment decisions and over a third of pts experienced a longer TTP (compared to the last regimen pre-MP), highlighting the promise in MP for treatment selection. </jats:p
Multisite Is Superior to Single-Site Intratumoral Chemotherapy to Retard the Outcomes of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma in a Murine Model
No full textIntroduction: Locally advanced unresectable pancreatic cancer (LAPC) has a dismal prognosis, with intratumoral therapies showing limited benefits. We assume that the dense stroma within these tumors hampers drug dispersion. Aim: This study explores the efficacy of multisite intratumoral injections in improving a drug’s distribution while minimizing its side effects. Methods and Results: In mice with orthotopic LAPC tumors, weekly intratumoral injections of oxaliplatin at four separate sites reduced the tumor growth by 46% compared with saline (p < 0.003). Oxaliplatin exhibited the greatest impact on the tumor microenvironment relative to gemcitabine, Abraxane, or their combination, with increased necrosis, apoptosis, fibroblasts, inflammation, and infiltrating lymphocytes (p < 0.008). When combined with intravenous FOLFIRINOX (FFX), multisite intratumoral oxaliplatin reduced the tumor weight by 35% compared with single-site injection (p = 0.007). No additional visible toxicity was observed even at a 10-fold occurrence of intratumoral treatment. This co-modality treatment significantly improved survival compared with other groups (p = 0.007). Conclusions: Multisite intratumoral therapy in tandem with systemic treatment holds promise for reducing the tumor size and enhancing the overall survival in LAPC
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