1,721,260 research outputs found
Deliberation and journalism
No full textThe first chapter in 'International Journalism and Democracy' re-examines current ideas about the role of journalism in promoting democracy, introducing the concept of "deliberative journalism". 'Deliberation and Journalism' lists the ways in which journalists can assist deliberation and politics in communities around the world. The chapter defines deliberation as a specific form of conversation that precedes and promotes decision-making and action by members of a community. The author recognises the difficulty of engaging in deliberation in communities that are divided by different interests, identities, backgrounds, resources and needs. She provides examples of strategies that journalists can use to encourage inclusive and productive deliberation in the face of community diversity.\ud
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The chapter introduces examples of types of deliberative journalism that have emerged around the globe. These include strategies that have been sometimes been labeled as public journalism, civic journalism, peace journalism, development journalism, citizen journalism, the street press, community journalism, environmental journalism, and social entrepreneurism. The chapter also includes models of journalism that have not yet been given any particular name. Although the book identifies problems surrounding the theory and practice of these forms of journalism, the author notes that this is to be expected. Most models of deliberative journalism are relatively new, with none being more than a few decades old. The author concludes that resolution of these problems will only occur incrementally
American public journalism versus other international media models
No full textChapter 2 of 'International Journalism and Democracy' provides examples of what the author dubs "deliberative journalism". Following a definition of deliberative journalism in Chapter 1, the book's second chapter examines major models of deliberative journalism that are in operation around the world. These models include public journalism, citizen journalism, community and alternative media, development journalism and peace journalism. \ud
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The author argues that when these new forms of journalism are practiced well, they extend people's ability to identify, express, understand and respond to politics and issues affecting their communities. However, the main models of deliberative journalism all have contentious elements. Many deliberative journalism practioners have been subjected to criticism for lack of objectivity and poor professional standards. Many of their activities have clearly been ill-conceived. The author also finds that neither professional nor citizen journalists have a strong understanding of what constitutes "good practice" in deliberative journalism. Furthermore, there is much debate as to whether the type of "citizen journalism" that is posted intermittently on Facebook, Twitter, blogs and other social media can even be defined as "journalism". The practice of deliberative journalism can potentially contribute to public deliberation, but it does not always do so in any immediate or obvious way. The author finds that even so, deliberative journalism indirectly strengthens the environments that support fertile deliberation and decision making. (See the Extended Abstract for further details.
In the hands of the people : citizen media for revitalising Puerto Rico's poor communities
No full textShaping pan-European cooperation in the 1970s : Soviet initiatives and the EEC-Nine's response
No full textThis chapter adds to the historiographical debate on Europe and European integration within and beyond the Cold War by taking into consideration global economic and financial interdependence. It focuses on the EEC's response to Soviet initiatives that, throughout the 1970s, called for the development of pan-European economic cooperation: the CSCE, the EEC/Comecon negotiations, and multilateral cooperation in the fields of energy, transport, and the environment. Soviet initiatives and the EEC's response are considered within regional processes and new international economic trends, such as the affirmation of the post-industrial consumer-based era and the growing global economic interdependence, which affected the Western capitalist countries and the Eastern socialist states alike. It is argued that two visions of pan-European cooperation confronted each other: the Soviet and the EEC-Nine's. The Community and its member states collectively took a pro-active stance aimed at promoting new intra-European relations beyond the Cold War order, and successfully set pan-European cooperation on EEC terms.The research leading to this chapter has received funding from the European Union Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-2013] under grant agreement n° 2010-273072
From ”Helsinki” and Development Aid to Multipolar Hard Ball
Full text linkThe EC/EU is often described as a civilian or soft power. Through a critical historical overview of what the EC/EU actually did, how and why it did it and how it was perceived by its interlocutors, this chapter argues that the EC/EU grew determined to play an international political role since the late 1960s and did not act simply as a civilian power. While the promotion of multilateralism and international law was a stable element of its foreign policy, the EC/EU did not limit itself to pursuing civilians ends and using soft power tools. Since its first enlargement in 1973, the EC became the largest and richest trading bloc and aid donors in the world. It could thus exercise much leverage in its external relations, and it seems quite unplausible that it would have limited its methods to soft power. In fact, the EC/EU had diverse means to pressure several of its interlocutors into the desired behaviour and used carrots and sticks whenever it considered that its interests and goals so required. This becomes even more visible when the perceptions of the countries at the receiving end are appraised. This chapter explores the foreign policy of the EC polity from the mid-1960s to the mid-1990s focusing on the Conference on Security and Cooperation in Europe (CSCE) and ensuing Helsinki process, East-West relations and the political use of development aid. From refusal to compromising during negotiations to granting access to its rich market, from withdrawal of preferences to suspension of aid and loans, the image of a multipolar hardball comes closer to describe how developing countries, socialist regimes and even the two superpowers came oftentimes to see the EC/EU
Establishing an international internship scheme for journalism students
No full textThis paper explores an Australian attempt at initiating, developing and running an innovative international study and work placement program for journalism students. The Journalism Professional PracliculIJ (JPP) - run by the non-profit ACIClS educational consortium - sent 13 students from five Australian universities 10 Indonesia for a six-week pilot sludyinternship program in 2002. This trip provided the participants with opportunities 10 learn rudimentary-level Indollesianlanguage, to develop their journalistic skills in an international context and to explore howjournalists work in a different cultural framework. The program had certain problems and limitations, but it drew praise from all stakeholders, including the student interns, the Indonesian host media\ud
organisations and Australian Embassy staff. This paper discusses the practical and pedagogical issues involved in establishing and operating such a program. The paper also\ud
explores the viability of such expensive and labour-intensive international programs, especially in the light of attempts to continue the program in the wake of terrorist attacks ib Indonesia and the war against Iraq
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