201,741 research outputs found
Regional disparities in urban population access to sanitation services.Case study: Romania,
No full textSanitation services still not fully cover the urban population and this leads to different types of pollution and affects the urban landscape. This paper aims a geographical approach by highlighting territorial disparities in the Romanian counties regarding the urban population access to waste collection services and to examine the environmental issues. Statistical database processed by ascending hierarchical cluster analysis are mapped at the level of Romanian counties achieving a spatial-temporal analysis for the period 2003-2008. The paper also discuss about the current dysfunctions existing in urban waste management from Romania. Development of waste management facilities are in the process of transition from a traditional system based only on landfilling towards an integrated waste management system which develops the recycling and recovery of waste generated. Romania as an EU member country must improve the quality of sanitation services. Each city must provide the full collection of municipal waste generated in order to eliminate the illegal
dumping
Immigration – Socio-economical Implications. The Case of Romania
No full textThe purpose of this study is to initially identify, at an exploratory level, an immigration model in Romania, with a special focus on economic immigration. It is well known that Romania, although source country, on our continent (Spain, Italy, Belgium, France etc.), as well as on the American (Canada, U.S.A) or the Australian one, with a negative migratory balance rate, after joining the European Union, it will become in the near future a destination country, especially for „economic immigrants”. The natural population deficit with which Romania is currently confronted, the labour market imbalances (the low level of participation of the current population in the productive process and the high number of Romanians working abroad) and the experience of older European Union members support the idea. As such, the analysis of social and economical risks that rising immigration will bring on the Romanian society is rather interesting and the applicative uses reside in identifying risk management solutions, in the context of formulating specific policies for immigration management.immigration, foreign labour force, Romania, European Union
EXTERNAL FACTORS INFLUENCE ON INFLATION: THE CASE OF ROMANIA
No full textIn this paper we try to assess the main external determinants of inflation dynamics in Romania. The literature in the field of measuring inflation dynamics is wealthy and various. There are many developing country - level studies that examine inflation dynamics: Blavy (2004) - Guinea, Duma (2008) - Sri Lanka, Gottschalk et al (2008) - Sierra Leone, Moriyama (2008) - Sudan, Mwase (2006) - Tanzania, Williams and Adedeji (2004) - Dominican Republic, Hossain (2005) - Indonesia, Almounsor (2010) - Yemen. The issue of Romanian inflation dynamics is present in many and various studies, like Hammermann (2007), Pelinescu and Dospinescu (2006), Budina et al (2006) etc. There are no other recent studies that analyze the external determinants on Romanian inflation dynamics. In our paper we estimate an OLS single equation model, using a methodology derived from Almounsor (2010). The empirical analysis uses monthly data from August 2005 to January 2011. The start point of the data series is the moment of a major change in the National Bank of Romania (NBR) monetary policy: adoption of the inflation targeting regime. The independent variables used in our research are: harmonized consumer price index of EU-25 countries, EUR/RON exchange rate, crude oil price index (for analyzing the external shocks effect) and M2 monetary aggregate (intermediate money supply) as a control variable. The outcomes suggest that inflation in Romania is driven mainly by international price shocks - harmonized consumer price index of EU-25 countries. The EUR/RON exchange rate depreciation has a small influence on domestic inflation. In the short run, the effect of the international oil price is insignificant. Money supply, used here as a control variable, is shown to have a very small effect on inflation in Romania when using OLS regressions. The results show that 66% of the domestic inflation variance is explained by the independent variables in our model.inflation dynamics, external shock, international prices, exchange rate, Romania
The structure of wages during the economic transition in Romania
No full textThis paper uses cross-sectional individual data from the 1994 Integrated Household Survey of Romania to analyze the determinants of male and female wages in public and private enterprises. Using quantile regression, the rate of return to education and experience at different quantiles of the wage distribution is estimated. Higher levels of education are significantly associated with higher wages for both males and females in public firms. In private firms, only college education is correlated with significantly higher wages. Differences in individual characteristics are found to explain the highest portion of the male-female wage differential in Romania in both sectors.employment ,Wage differentials Romania. ,Wages. ,Gender issues. ,Labor economics. ,Household surveys ,
Implementing land reform in post-Communist Romania
No full textThis thesis examines the implementation of ownership reforms following the collapse of
Communist rule in Romania in 1989. It concentrates upon the rural sector and, in
particular, the question of what to do with the collective farms.
The aim has been to provide a critical account of the roots of the post-Communist land
question, going back as far as the agrarian situation in the last century. To this end,
regard is had to the land question in the pre-Communist era, concentrating on the
efforts made by the state to create a sustainable system of land tenure. The second
part of the work investigates how the Communist regime reformed land use and
agricultural production, in particular, the methods by which the private control of land
was transformed during collectivisation. In this way, the recent land reforms are linked
to a much longer history of struggle over land.
The objective has been to examine the legal process of implementing post-Communist
land reforms as a means whereby history is rewritten, both nationally and locally. The
land reforms are, partly, the official recognition of abuses committed by the former
regime and yet, they are also a means of restructuring the country's agricultural sector.
As in other countries in eastern Europe, Communist rule in Romania transformed a
predominantly agrarian society into an industrial one. Before the Communists almost
three-quarters of the population lived and worked on the land. By the time President
Nicolae Ceausescu fell, the proportion was less than a third. The land question in post-Communist
Romania centred on the extent to which the need to compensate former
landowners could direct the content of reform
Romania trying to be an European brand
No full textBuilding a coherent country branding program at international level requires a strong coordination between the government, the business sector, the decision makers from educational and cultural sector, the civil society and, the mass media representatives in any country. The paper presents the main efforts Romania has done to build a country image with a significant impact at international level. It focuses on the main policies and programs applied by Romania in the specific field of the national branding, offering a good analysis on the institutional framework and experience in promoting the country’s image internationally. The paper presents also the results of a research conducted with different local authorities (based on personal interviews) involved in the construction and promotion of a national brand abroad. The findings of the study provide opinions on the implications of the role of Romania’s country image in the European Integration process. A SWOT analysis on the Romania’s policy for building a European country brand completes the conclusions and the perspective on this particular issue considered to be important for a European Union integrating country. Finally, the paper makes proposals for creating a positive country image for Romania, a country that is in the process of redefining its position and its image at international level. Romania’s image will be considered from the perspective of the four dimensions defining a country image (tourism, exports, foreign direct investments and foreign policy), as well as from the perspective of building an integrated image abroad.Country branding, country image, policy making, European integration.
THE EUROPEANISATION PROCESS AND THE PRE-ACCESSION DYNAMICS IN ROMANIA
No full textIn recent years a substantial part of literature that covers topics on European integration has turned its attention to how the membership of the European Union (EU) has generated and contributed to domestic reform, a process commonly known as Europeanisation. This process represents the reform of institutions, structures and policies in compliance with the requirements, policies and dynamics of the European integration mechanisms. Following the national - European interaction, countries internalise European legislation and adapt institutionally. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the Europeanisation process and also to what extent it has influenced the political and economic reform in Romania throughout the pre-accession period. Despite its essential contributions, the Europeanisation effects were less significant in Romania (especially in the early years of negotiations with Brussels) compared with other Eastern European countries. And this has not been caused by the Europeanisation lack of efficiency, but mainly because of the Romanian political class reluctant to change that largely undermined the dynamics of the accession process.European Union, Europeanisation process, EU membership, Romania
ASSESING THE IMPLEMENTATION OF REAL CONVERGENCE IN ROMANIA
No full textThe convergence is an essential objective of the integration process of Romania in the European Union. Minimizing gaps in the level of development that arise between Romania and the average European Union can not be achieved solely through the use of marconvergence, European Union, real convergence
Theoretical Aspects of the Economic Transition: The Case of Romania
No full textFor Romania, as for all other ex-communist countries from Eastern Europe, the transition from the rigid centrally planned economic system to the free-market economy, fair competition based, was an amazing experience. From the academic standpoint, the economic reform was a huge research opportunity, as well as having extremely important practical consequences. Based on the case of Romania, the authors have developed an original, bi-dimensional matrix model of this transition process (Scarlat Model), emphasizing the typology of four basic economic systems. Managerial aspects are underlined – both for economic systems and transition process – as well as some stability considerations. Two features of the transition strategy are presented: the transition path and duration of the process. Special attention was paid to assessing the moment by when the economic transition ends. Analysis of the transition path – based on the theory of deterministic chaos (i.e. short-run predictability) – has led to interesting results: a comprehensive research on the evolution of the Romanian currency exchange over a period of sixteen years (1990–2005) revealed three intervals in the Romanian recent history of economic transition and confirmed the diagnostic of transition end. The general model is applied in the case of Romania and some interesting findings are presented, but it is also fully applicable to all Eastern European countries and not only Romania. The EU accessing process is a different type of transition – rigorously planned, regulated and monitored.economy model, economic transition, transition path, deterministic chaos, EU accession
Romania: Childbearing metamorphosis within a changing context
No full textIn 1989, the socialist regime in Romania collapsed and the state’s coercive pro-natalist policy ended. Since then, fertility has gone through major changes, namely, a massive reduction in fertility and important structural changes: birth postponement, an end to universal childbearing, and the emergence of non-marital births. Family formation has been postponed, but a pattern of early marriage still persists compared to other European countries. Although unmarried cohabitation is rising, it is rarely seen as an alternative to marriage. Modern contraceptive methods are being used increasingly, but traditional contraceptive methods continue to be widespread. Abortion, which was re-legalized in 1989 and made available after two decades of prohibition, has been practiced extensively ever since, especially after first birth. Romanians in 2004 continue to have a universal preference for parenting. However, the preference for the two-child family has declined and the desire for a larger family has become the exception. The transformation of the socialist regime into a democratic society with a market economy generated a socio-economic crisis, and the majority of social benefits have therefore been oriented towards alleviating poverty. Other social policies, including those affecting the family, were redefined. However, fewer funds were made available than for those geared to promote economic development or reduce poverty and, as a consequence, their impact on childbearing has been small.childbearing, Europe, fertility, Romania
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