170,326 research outputs found
Validation & Verification of an EDA automated synthesis tool
No full textReliability and correctness are two mandatory features for automated synthesis tools. To reach the goals several campaigns of Validation and Verification (V&V) are needed. The paper presents the extensive efforts set up to prove the correctness of a newly developed EDA automated synthesis tool. The target tool, MarciaTesta, is a multi-platform automatic generator of test programs for microprocessors' caches. Getting in input the selected March Test and some architectural details about the target cache memory, the tool automatically generates the assembly level program to be run as Software Based Self-Testing (SBST). The equivalence between the original March Test, the automatically generated Assembly program, and the intermediate C/C++ program have been proved resorting to sophisticated logging mechanisms. A set of proved libraries has been generated and extensively used during the tool development. A detailed analysis of the lessons learned is reporte
Semi-automated volumetric analysis in the NELSON trial for lung cancer screening: Is there room for diagnostic experience yet
No full textThe reliability of lung cancer screening based on low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) instead of X-ray is supported by a reduction of lung cancer mortality by 20% for high-risk subjects (1). As a consequence, this approach is recommended in heavy smokers.
However, some questions about the modality of screening have not been answered yet. Among these some issues appear more relevant:
What subjects should be considered at high risk?
How long time should elapse between screening rounds?
What patterns of nodules should be considered as suspicious for lung cancer?
What nodule size would induce a greater suspicion of malignancy
Liquid biopsy as a follow-up tool: Comment on longitudinal monitoring of somatic genetic alterations in circulating cell-free DNA during treatment with epidermal growth factor receptor–tyrosine kinase inhibitors
No full text
Effects of exosomes released by NSCLC cells on osteoclasts differentiation.
No full textEffects of exosomes released by NSCLC cells on osteoclasts differentiation
Pucci M., Taverna S., Corrado C., Giallombardo M., Rolfo C. and Alessandro R.
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has a poorly 5-year survival rate, as a consequence of the delay in the detection of the disease. The majority of patients are diagnosed in an advanced disease stage. Bone metastasis is the most frequent complication in NSCLC resulting in osteolytic lesions. The perfect balance between bone-resorbing osteoclasts (OCs) and bone-forming osteoblasts (OBs) activity is lost in bone metastasis, inducing osteoclastogenesis. Most of the patients with lung cancer are treated with EGFR inhibitors (TKIs). Numerous studies show in patients with NSCLC the presence of somatic mutations at the level of the exons coding for tyrosine kinase domain of the EGFR. The cell line CRL 2868 presents the “activating” mutation of exon 19, that confers sensitivity to treatment with TKIs.
Recent studies demonstrated that exosomes, nano-size vesicles that shuttle proteins, lipids and nucleic acids, have a key role in tumor progression and premetastatic niche formation. Exosomes are involved in modulation of metastasis formation; we investigated the role of NSCLC cell-derived exosomes in OCs differentiation. We show that CRL 2868 cells release exosomes which are actively internalized by RAW 264.7 cell line, a cellular model of preosteoclasts. CRL 2868 cell-derived exosomes positively modulate pre-osteoclast migration and play a significant pro-differentiative role of RAW 264.7 cells, inducing the expression of osteoclast markers such as Cathepsin K (CTSK), Matrix Metalloproteinases 9 (MMP9) and Tartrate-resistant Acid Phosphatase (TRAP). Our data indicate that CRL2868-exosomes modulate OCs function and differentiation. Further studies will be carried out to investigate the role of TKI in OCs differentiation
Late Pleistocene skeleton of Canis lupus l., 1758 from Grotta Mora Cavorso (Jenne, Latium, Central Italy)
No full textThis paper describes the skeleton of Canis lupus found in Layer 7 of Grotta Mora Cavorso (Latium, central Italy), correlated with the MIS 3. Research on the deposition dynamics of this find is still in progres, but the action of human or other predactors can be excluded. The age at death was estimated at around six years old. Preliminary morphometric analyses and comparisions with samples of Italian Late Pleistocene wolf and extant Apennine wolf (C. lupus italicus) remains, show that the dimension of teeeth and long bones are among the biggest known from the Late Pleistocene and larger than the extant Apennine wolf
- …
