178 research outputs found
Micandra Staudinger 1888
No full text<i>Micandra</i> Staudinger, 1888 <p> <i>Egides</i> Salazar 1995: 46; nomen nudum.</p> <p> <i>Egides</i> Johnson, Kruse & Kroenlein, 1997: 16. Type species: <i>Pseudolycaena aegides</i> C. Felder & R. Felder.</p> <p> <b>Nomenclatural remarks.</b> The authorship of <i>Micandra</i> was correctly attributed to Staudinger by Hemming (1967), Eliot (1973), and Johnson (1992), whereas several other authors erroneously credited it to Schatz (e.g., Clench 1971; Robbins 2004; Robbins & Busby 2008). However, Hemming (1967) overlooked the fact that the earliest publication of <i>Micandra</i> as an available name appeared on plate 97 of <i>Theil</i> I of Staudinger & Schatz's <i>Exotische Schmetterlinge</i> (1884–1888), which was published in late April 1888, and not on pages 288–289 of the same work, which were published several months later, in early November 1888 (Lamas <i>et al.</i> 1995). The publication of both the text and plates of <i>Theil</i> I of <i>Exotische Schmetterlinge</i> was clearly the sole responsibility of Staudinger, and any new names appearing in them ought to be attributed to Staudinger alone. Close examination of the text of both <i>Theil</i> I and II of <i>Exotische Schmetterlinge</i> reveals that Schatz was responsible only for <i>Theil</i> II, which started publication in 1885 and was completed in 1892 by Röber, after Schatz died in May 1887. Staudinger utilized Schatz's manuscript name <i>Micandra</i> for the first time in plate 97 of <i>Theil</i> I, and by doing so he unwillingly became the author of the new generic name, as established by Article 50.1 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature (ICZN 1999). A full description of <i>Micandra</i> appeared only much later (in March 1892) on page 265 of <i>Theil</i> II, under the editorship of Röber. In addition, because Staudinger originally included two species (<i>Pseudolycaena platyptera</i> C. Felder & R. Felder, and <i>Micandra sapho</i> Staudinger) in his newly established genus <i>Micandra</i>, rather than the single species <i>platyptera</i> as erroneously assumed by Hemming (1967), the generic name lacks a validly designated type species. In order to remedy this situation, and following the kind advice of Prof G. Lamas, I hereby select <i>Pseudolycaena platyptera</i> C. Felder R. Felder, 1865 as the type species of <i>Micandra</i> Staudinger, [April] 1888, by subsequent designation.</p> <p> <i>Micandra</i> is assigned to Eumaeini on the basis of the presence of ten forewing veins, male genitalia lacking a juxta, and male foretarsus fused and stubby tipped (Eliot 1973). The genus was placed within the “ <i>Micandra</i> section” of Eumaeini by Robbins (2004).</p>Published as part of <i>Prieto, Carlos, 2011, The genus Micandra Staudinger (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae: Theclinae) in Colombia, with the description of a new species from the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, pp. 55-68 in Zootaxa 3040</i> on page 57, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/278794">10.5281/zenodo.278794</a>
Melitaea phoebe subsp. caucasica Staudinger 1870
No full textM. phoebe caucasica Staudinger, 1870 [TL: “Kindermann ganz ähnliche Stücke im Caucasus fing (?- Helenendorf; Kindermann leg.)”]. The name caucasica was preoccupied by M. didyma caucasica Staudinger, 1861 and the name was replaced first by M. phoebe ottonis Fruhstorfer 1917. A lectotype female and a paralectotype male were designated by Nekrutenko (Hesselbarth et al. 1995: 2: 1028) from the Staudinger collection, housed at Zoologisches Museum der Humboldt Universität, Berlin (figs 5A, B, C & 6A, B, C). Verity subsequently also proposed a replacement name, caucasicola Verity, 1919, this being a synonym of ottonis. Kemal & Koçak (2011: 44) used the name ‘ Melitaea (Cinclidia) (phoebe) sextilis Jachontov, 1909 ’ as a replacement name giving it subspecific(?) status; however, Jachontov (1909: 285) used this name for a variety of second generation M. phoebe and, so far as the authors are aware, no author since has used the name sextilis in favour of ottonis Fruhstorfer, 1917. In fact the M. phoebe species group portrayed by Kemal & Koçak (2011: 44), in their article on eastern Mediterranean butterflies, included M. punica, a species absent from the eastern Mediterranean. This perpetuates confusion, which the first author with others has been trying to resolve. Hesselbarth et al. (1995: 3, Tafel 80/81: figs 30– 33 ♂; Tafel 82/83: figs 1– 4 ♀) placed ottonis as a synonym of M. phoebe. Although the lectotype female does not show all the characters typical of M. phoebe, for instance the underside submarginal black arches do not touch the intervening veins (see Fig. 5B), the paralectotype underside (Fig. 6B) certainly shows all the characters typical of M. phoebe. Recent authors, such Tshikolovets (2011: 497; 2003: plate 24: figs 16 m. and 17 f.), Tshikolovets et al. (2014: 318–319), van Oorschot & Coutsis (2014: 60) and Russell & Tennent (2016: 45, note 22) have all agreed that this is a subspecies of M. phoebe and not M. ornata, with which the present authors concur.Published as part of Russell, Peter J. C., Lukhtanov, Vladimir A. & Tennent, W. John, 2022, Reassessment of the status of some European and Asian Melitaea taxa described as subspecies of Melitaea phoebe ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), with designations of lectotypes where appropriate (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae), pp. 25-38 in Zootaxa 5141 (1) on page 26, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5141.1.2, http://zenodo.org/record/657762
Synthesis of Phosphine and Antibody-Azide Probes for in Vivo Staudinger Ligation in a Pretargeted Imaging and Therapy Approach
No full text\u3cp\u3eThe application of intact monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as targeting agents in nuclear imaging and radioimmunotherapy is hampered by the slow pharmacokinetics of these molecules. Pretargeting with mAbs could be beneficial to reduce the radiation burden to the patient, while using the excellent targeting capacity of the mAbs. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of the Staudinger ligation as pretargeting strategy using an antibody-azide conjugate as tumor-targeting molecule in combination with a small phosphine-containing imaging/therapeutic probe. Up to 8 triazide molecules were attached to the antibody without seriously affecting its immunoreactivity, pharmacokinetics, and tumor uptake in tumor bearing nude mice. In addition, two \u3csup\u3e89\u3c/sup\u3eZr- and \u3csup\u3e67/68\u3c/sup\u3eGa-labeled desferrioxamine (DFO)-phosphines, a \u3csup\u3e177\u3c/sup\u3eLu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10- tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-phosphine and a \u3csup\u3e123\u3c/sup\u3eI-cubyl phosphine probe were synthesized and characterized for their pharmacokinetic behavior in nude mice. With respect to the phosphine probes, blood levels at 30 min after injection were <5% injected dose per gram tissue, indicating rapid blood clearance. In vitro Staudinger ligation of 3.33 μM antibody-azide conjugate with 1 equiv of radiolabeled phosphine, relative to the azide, in aqueous solution resulted in 20-25% efficiency after 2 h. The presence of 37% human serum resulted in a reduced ligation efficiency (reduction max. 30% at 2 h), while the phosphines were still >80% intact. No in vivo Staudinger ligation was observed in a mouse model after injection of 500 μg antibody-azide, followed by 68 μg DFO-phosphine at t = 2 h, and evaluation in blood at t = 7 h. To explain negative results in mice, Staudinger ligation was performed in vitro in mouse serum. Under these conditions, a side product with the phosphine was formed and ligation efficiency was severely reduced. It is concluded that in vivo application of the Staudinger ligation in a pretargeting approach in mice is not feasible, since this ligation reaction is not bioorthogonal and efficient enough. Slow reaction kinetics will also severely restrict the applicability of Staudinger ligation in humans.\u3c/p\u3
Colias caucasica Staudinger 1871
No full text<p> <i>Colias caucasica</i> Staudinger, 1871</p> <p> —In Montenegro the species was first observed by Nicholl (1902) in the Tara gorge, however, no specimens could be sampled owing to the fast flight of the butterfly. In later surveys in the area of the Durmitor National park no specimens were observed (Bretherton 1973; Cribb 1973; Sijarić <i>et al.</i> 1984; Švara <i>et al.</i> 2015) until it was rediscovered by Nahirnić <i>et al.</i> (2015). The species is also mentioned for Mt. Sinjajevina in Tolman & Lewington (2008), but the author could not find the source of this record. <i>Colias caucasica</i> was also observed from Mt. Komovi and Čakor pass (Franeta & Gascoigne-Pees pers. obs.) in the first half of July. In recent years several new populations have been discovered in Serbia (Franeta & Đurić 2011) and the species was first reported for Croatia (Tvrtković <i>et al.</i> 2011).This species is probably much more widespread in the northern regions of Montenegro.</p>Published as part of <i>Franeta, Filip, 2018, Checklist of the butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) of Montenegro, pp. 128-148 in Zootaxa 4392 (1)</i> on page 137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4392.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/1195491">http://zenodo.org/record/1195491</a>
Synthesis of Phosphine and Antibody–Azide Probes for <i>in Vivo</i> Staudinger Ligation in a Pretargeted Imaging and Therapy Approach
No full textThe application of intact monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) as targeting agents in nuclear imaging and radioimmunotherapy is hampered by the slow pharmacokinetics of these molecules. Pretargeting with mAbs could be beneficial to reduce the radiation burden to the patient, while using the excellent targeting capacity of the mAbs. In this study, we evaluated the applicability of the Staudinger ligation as pretargeting strategy using an antibody–azide conjugate as tumor-targeting molecule in combination with a small phosphine-containing imaging/therapeutic probe. Up to 8 triazide molecules were attached to the antibody without seriously affecting its immunoreactivity, pharmacokinetics, and tumor uptake in tumor bearing nude mice. In addition, two 89Zr- and 67/68Ga-labeled desferrioxamine (DFO)-phosphines, a 177Lu-1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA)-phosphine and a 123I-cubyl phosphine probe were synthesized and characterized for their pharmacokinetic behavior in nude mice. With respect to the phosphine probes, blood levels at 30 min after injection were In vitro Staudinger ligation of 3.33 μM antibody–azide conjugate with 1 equiv of radiolabeled phosphine, relative to the azide, in aqueous solution resulted in 20–25% efficiency after 2 h. The presence of 37% human serum resulted in a reduced ligation efficiency (reduction max. 30% at 2 h), while the phosphines were still >80% intact. No in vivo Staudinger ligation was observed in a mouse model after injection of 500 μg antibody–azide, followed by 68 μg DFO-phosphine at t = 2 h, and evaluation in blood at t = 7 h. To explain negative results in mice, Staudinger ligation was performed in vitro in mouse serum. Under these conditions, a side product with the phosphine was formed and ligation efficiency was severely reduced. It is concluded that in vivo application of the Staudinger ligation in a pretargeting approach in mice is not feasible, since this ligation reaction is not bioorthogonal and efficient enough. Slow reaction kinetics will also severely restrict the applicability of Staudinger ligation in humans
Morphologie und Bruchverhalten von Block- und Multipfropfcopolymeren
No full textZiel der vorliegenden Arbeit war es, die Zusammenhänge zwischen der molekularen Architektur, Morphologie und den mechanischen bzw. bruchmechanischen Eigenschaften in S-SB-S-Triblockcopolymeren und deren Blends und in PI-PS-Multipfropfcopolymeren herauszuarbeiten und damit einerseits einen Beitrag für das Verständnis der Struktur-Eigenschaftsbeziehungen in Block- und Pfropfcopolymeren zu leisten und andererseits Möglichkeiten zur Entwicklung neuer Materialien aufzuzeigen, welche besondere Eigenschaftskombinationen aufweisen und damit ein bedeutendes Interesse für industrielle Anwendungen hervorrufen. Für die Untersuchungen wurde dabei der PS-Außenblockanteil und das S/B-Verhältnis im SB-Mittelblock in S-SB-S-Triblockcopolymeren, die Thermoplast/Thermoplastisches Elastomer (TP/TPE) -Zusammensetzung in S-SB-S-Triblockcopolymer-Blends sowie die Funktionalität und die Anzahl der Verknüpfungspunkte in PI-PS-Multipfropfcopolymeren variiert. Zur Charakterisierung der Phasenmischbarkeit und der Morphologie wurden die dynamisch mechanische Analyse (DMA), die Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie (TEM) und die Röntgenkleinwinkelstreuung (SAXS) angewandt. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften wurden mit dem einachsigen Zugversuch untersucht. Bruchmechanische Untersuchungen erfolgten unter Anwendung der „Essential Work of Fracture“- (EWF-) Methode, welche als Konzept der „Post-Yield“-Bruchmechanik innerhalb der Fließbruchmechanik für duktile nanostrukturierte polymere Materialien sehr gut anwendbar ist und Aussagen zur Bruchzähigkeit der Materialien liefert. Zur näheren Charakterisierung des zeitaufgelösten Deformationsverhaltens sowie der Rissausbreitungskinetik wurden die Dehnungsfeldanalyse, eine Bruchflächenanalyse mittels Rasterelektronenmikroskopie (REM) sowie das Risswiderstandskurven-Konzept angewandt. Die Untersuchungen der S-SB-S-Triblockcopolymersysteme und der PI-PS-Multipfropfcopolymere konnten den signifikanten Einfluss der molekularen Architektur, der Blockzusammensetzung und des PS-Gehaltes auf das Phasenverhalten, die Morphologie und die Eigenschaften klar herausstellen. Durch die Variation dieser Parameter kann das Eigenschaftsspektrum von thermoplastisch zu elastomer eingestellt und somit sowohl TPs oder TPEs mit hoher Steifigkeit und Zähigkeit als auch TPEs mit superelastischem Charakter erzeugt werden. Daraus eröffnet sich ein breiter Anwendungsbereich dieser Materialien, welche aufgrund ihrer Transparenz und physiologischen Verträglichkeit auch interessante optische und gesundheitliche Vorteile mitbringen. Es konnte gezeigt werden, dass durch die systematische Variation der Architektur die gezielte Einstellung gewünschter Eigenschaftsprofile möglich ist. Die Arbeit leistet somit einen Beitrag zur Entwicklung anwendungsorientierter Materialkonzepte, welche ingenieurwissenschaftlich interessant sind.The aim of this thesis was to study the relation between molecular architecture, morphology and (fracture) mechanical properties of S-SB-S triblock copolymers and PI-PS multigraft copolymers. Hence, this work should contribute to the understanding of structure-property-relationship in block and multigraft copolymers and thus offer possibilities for the development of novel materials with special properties interesting for industrial application. Within this study in the case of S-SB-S triblock copolymers the PS outer block content and the S/B ratio of the middle block, in the case of S-SB-S triblock copolymer blends the thermoplast/thermoplastic elastomer (TP/TPE) composition and in case of PI-PS multigraft copolymers the functionality and number of branch points were varied. For the characterisation of morphology and phase miscibility dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) were applied. Uniaxial tensile tests were carried out to investigate the mechanical properties. The fracture mechanical behaviour was studied using essential work of fracture (EWF) concept based on the post yield fracture mechanic principles, which is suitable to characterise fracture toughness of ductile nanostructured materials. The time resolved analysis of deformation and fracture behaviour was characterised qualitatively by strain field analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of the fractured surfaces and quantitatively by evaluation of the crack propagation kinetics and construction of R-curves. This study clearly highlights the significant influence of molecular architecture block composition and PS content on the phase behaviour, morphology and properties of S-SB-S triblock copolymers and PI-PS multigraft copolymers. By varying these parameters the property profile can be adjusted diversifying from thermoplastic to elastomeric and both TP or TPE materials with high stiffness and toughness and TPEs with super-elastic characteristics can be designed. Hence, fundamentally it offers a broad scope of application of these materials, in which physiological compatibility and transparency are added advantages. Thus, conceptually it could be shown, that by systematic variation of the architecture desired property profiles can be adjusted. Therefore the present work contributes to the development of application-oriented material concepts, which are interesting in engineering terms
Integrating climate change into Northeast and Midwest state wildlife action plans
No full textThe purpose of this Northeast Climate Science Center-led (NE CSC) cooperative report is to provide a synthesis of what is known and what is uncertain about climate change and its impacts across the NE CSC region, with a particular focus on the responses and vulnerabilities of Regional Species of Greatest Conservation Need (RSGCN) and the habitats they depend on. Another goal is to describe a range of climate change adaptation approaches, processes, tools, and potential partnerships that are available to State natural resource managers across the Northeast and Midwest regions of the United States. Through illustrative case studies submitted by the NE CSC and partners, the report discusses climate change adaptation efforts being explored and implemented across local and large-landscape scales.The suggested citation for this report is: Staudinger, M. D., T. L. Morelli, and A. M. Bryan. 2015. Integrating Climate Change into Northeast and Midwest State Wildlife Action Plans. DOI Northeast Climate Science Center Report, Amherst, Massachusetts
Politische Justiz ::die Tiroler Sondergerichtsbarkeit im Dritten Reich am Beispiel des Gesetzes gegen heimtückische Angriffe auf Partei und Staat /
No full textSynthesis and biological activity of novel 5 '-arylamino-nucleosides by microwave-assisted one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/reduction
No full textNovel pseudonucleosides with benzylamino group on 50-position (4) were synthesized by using the microwave-assisted one-pot tandem Staudinger/aza-Wittig/reduction reaction in good yields of 55.2-71.7%. The deacetylation of 4 afforded compounds 5. HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitory and antitumor activities were preliminarily evaluated with 5. The results showed that the new pseudonucleosides (5) could effectively inhibit HIV-1 RT activity, but no antitumor activity. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.Chemistry, MedicinalChemistry, OrganicSCI(E)9ARTICLE1574-5762
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Politische Justiz ::die Tiroler Sondergerichtsbarkeit im Dritten Reich am Beispiel des Gesetzes gegen heimtückische Angriffe auf Partei und Staat /
No full text- …
