287 research outputs found
New smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) from Australia
No full textFourteen new species of smut fungi from Australia are described and illustrated: Cintractia bulbostylidis R.G. Shivas and K. Vánky (type on Bulbostylis barbota); C. lipocarphae K. and C. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Lipocarpha microcephala); Moreaua arthrostylidis K. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Arthrostylis aphylla); M. fimbristylidis K. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Fimbristylis dichotoma); Sporisorium gibbosum K. and C. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Digitaria gibbosa); S. nervosum K. and C. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Sehitna nervosum); S. operculatum K. and C. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Mnesithea formosa); S. queenslandicum K. and C. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Sehima newosum); S. whiteochloae K. Vánky and McKenzie (type on Whiteochloa cymbiformis); Tilletia chionachnes K. and C. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Chionachne cyathopodd); T. kimberleyensis K. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Chionachne cyalhopoda); T. lineata R.G. Shivas and K. Vánky (type on Arundinella nepalensis); T. whiteochloae R.G. Shivas and K. Vánky (type on Whiteochloa cymbiformis and W. capillipes); and Ustilago chloridis K. and C. Vánky and R.G. Shivas (type on Chloris lobata)
Further new smut fungi (Ustilaginomycetes) from Australia
No full textNine new species of smut fungi, belonging to eight genera, are described from Australia: Dermatosorus schoenoplecti Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Schoenoplectus mucronatus, Entyloma grampiansis Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Hydrocotyle laxiflora, Macalpinomyces brachiariae Vánky, C. Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Brachiaria holosericea, M. digitariae Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Digitaria gibbosa, Restiosporium baloskionis Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Baloskion tetraphyllum, Thecaphora maireanae R.G. Shivas & Vánky, on Maireana pentagona, Tilletia cape yorkensis Vánky & R.G. Shivas, on Whiteochloa airoides, Urocystis chorizandrae J. Cunnington, R.G. Shivas & Vánky, on Chorizandra enodis, and Ustanciosporium tenellum R.G . Shivas & Vánky, on Cyperus tenellus.
New combinations are: Macalpinomyces ordensis(R.G. Shivas & Vánky) Vánky & R.G. Shivas (based on Sporisorium ordense, type on Brachiaria pubigera, Australia), and Sporisorium setariae (McAlpine) Vánky & R.G. Shivas (based on Sorosporium setariae, type on Setaria glauca, Australia)
Impact of insects and fungi on doublegee (Emex australis) in the Western Australian wheatbelt
No full textBiotic influences on doublegee(Emex australis Steinheil) seed production wereinvestigated as a precursor to the introduction of new insect biologicalcontrol agents for this weed, and to investigate the cause of doublegeedecline in the northern and central wheatbelt of Western Australia since 1990.The symptoms of the decline are doublegee plants of reduced size withdistorted leaves, collapsed stems, and smaller achenes(the spiny seed-bearing fruit) that crumble when mature.Three sites were investigated in 1992 by surveys for insects and fungi, andinsect and fungus exclusion experiments.
Emex stem blight (Phomopsis emicis R. G. Shivas) waspresent at the 3 study sites. The Watheroo site had comparatively high levelsof dock aphids (Brachycaudus rumexicolens Patch) ondoublegee plants, the Badgingarra site had a comparatively high density ofdock sawfly (Lophyrotoma analis Costa) on doublegee, andvery few insects were present on doublegee at the Wongan Hills site. Viruseswere not detected in samples of plants showing the effects of decline.
The exclusion experiment showed a significant effect of removing insects andfungi on achene dry weight at the Watheroo site. There was no treatment effectat the Badgingarra and Wongan Hills sites. The biology of the fungus and theaphid lead to the conclusion that the primary cause of doublegee decline isthe dock aphid. This indicates that biological control againstE. australis might be achieved by using insects thatindirectly affect seed quality
Nog eens Polypodium: een nieuw anatomisch-morfologisch kenmerk voor onze drie Europese soorten
No full textThe author introduces a new character to distinguish Polypodium vulgare L., P. australe Fée, P. interjectum Shivas, and specimens more or less intermediate between P. interjectum and P. vulgare. They can be identified with the aid of fig. 1. The dark part represents the green mesophyll; the narrow white margin of the segments is hyaline. Fig. 1, a: P. vulgare L.; 1, b: P. interjectum Shivas; 1, c: P. australe Fée; 1, d: intermediate form between P. interjectum and P. vulgare
Plant pathogenic Magnaporthales in Australia, with particular reference to Pyricularia oryzae on wild and cultivated rice
No full textThe Magnaporthales is an order of fungi that contains plant pathogens and saprobes. This order consists of three families, Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthaceae and Ophioceraceae, which are phylogenetically, morphologically and ecologically distinct. To date, about 200 species have been described in Magnaporthales, of which approximately 50% are plant pathogens. Some species are important pathogens of grasses and cereals such as the rice blast
fungus Pyricularia oryzae (syn. Magnaporthe oryzae) and the take-all pathogen of cereals Gaeumannomyces graminis. The study of classification and identification of Magnaporthales
in Australia and pathogenicity of Pyricularia oryzae are reported in this thesis
A case for re-inventory of Australia’s plant pathogens
No full textAustralia has efficient and visible plant quarantine measures, which through various border controls and survey activities attempt to prevent the entry of unwanted pests and diseases. The ability to successfully perform this task relies heavily on determining what pathogens are present and established in Australia as well as those pathogens that are exotic and threatening. There are detailed checklists and databases of fungal plant pathogens in Australia, compiled, in part, from surveys over many years sponsored by Federal and State programmes. These checklists and databases are mostly specimen-based, which enables validation of records with reference herbarium specimens and sometimes associated cultures. Most of the identifications have been based on morphological examination. The use of molecular methods, particularly the analysis of DNA sequence data, has recently shown that several well-known and important plant pathogenic species are actually complexes of cryptic species. We provide examples of this in the important plant pathogenic genera Botryosphaeria and its anamorphs, Colletotrichum, Fusarium, Phomopsis / Diaporthe and Mycosphaerella and its anamorphs. The discovery of these cryptic species indicates that many of the fungal names in checklists need scrutiny. It is difficult, and often impossible, to extract DNA for sequence analysis from herbarium specimens in order to validate identifications that may now be considered suspect. This validation can only be done if specimens are recollected, re-isolated and subjected to DNA analysis. Where possible, herbarium specimens as well as living cultures are needed to support records. Accurate knowledge of the plant pathogens within Australia's borders is an essential prerequisite for the effective discharge of plant quarantine activities that will prevent or delay the arrival of unwanted plant pathogens
Wongia gen. nov. (Papulosaceae, Sordariomycetes), a new generic name for two root-infecting fungi from Australia
No full textThe classification of two root-infecting fungi, and , was examined by phylogenetic analysis of multiple gene sequences. This analysis demonstrated that and were sister species that formed a well-supported separate clade in (, ), which clusters outside of the . gen. nov, is established to accommodate these two species which are not closely related to other species classified in nor to other genera, including and , which all now contain other species once classified in
Figure 5 from: Tan YP, Crous PW, Shivas RG (2018) Cryptic species of Curvularia in the culture collection of the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium. MycoKeys 35: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.35.25665
No full textFigure 5 Curvularia reesii (BRIP 4358): A colony on PDA B conidiophore C conidia. Curvularia sporobolicola (BRIP 23040b) D colony on PDA E conidiophores F conidia. Curvularia warraberensis (BRIP 14817) G colony on PDA H conidiophore I conidia. Scale bars: 1 cm (A, D, G); all others – 10 µm
Figure 1 from: Tan YP, Crous PW, Shivas RG (2018) Cryptic species of Curvularia in the culture collection of the Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium. MycoKeys 35: 1-25. https://doi.org/10.3897/mycokeys.35.25665
No full textFigure 1 Phylogenetic tree based on maximum likelihood analysis of the combined multilocus alignment. RAxML bootstrap values (bs) greater than 70% and Bayesian posterior probabilities (pp) greater than 0.7 are given at the nodes (bs/pp). Novel species names are highlighted in blue. Ex-type isolates are marked with a T. The outgroup is Bipolaris maydis ex-type strain CBS 136.29
First record of Melanotaenium euphorbiae in Papua New Guinea
No full textMelanotaeniurn euphorbiae was collected on the naturalised weed Euphorbia heterophylla at locations near Port Moresby, Central Province and Ossima, Sandaun (West Sepik) Province in Papua New Guinea. These collections appear to represent the first confirmed records of this smut outside of North America
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