421 research outputs found
Cryptothele collina Pocock 1901
No full textCryptothele collina Pocock, 1901 Fig. 1 Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901: 498 (sex or stage not specified). Type material. Holotype ♀ (damaged) from INDIA: Tamil Nadu: Nilgiris: Ooty / Udhagamandalam (=Ootacamund) (11°24'N, 76°41'E; 2251 m alt.), date unknown, G.F. Hampson leg., repository NHM (no register number), examined based on photographs. Diagnosis. Females of C. collina are closely related to the females of Cryptothele alluaudi Simon, 1893 as the epigyne of both share broad, paired lateral plates and narrow median septum. However, it can be separated from the latter by anterior epigynal hood (vz. absent in C. alluaudi) and epigyne without lateral pockets (vz. present in C. alluaudi) (compare Fig. 1C with Marusik & Omelko 2012: fig. 4). Redescription. Female (holotype, Fig. 1A–B) in alcohol (after Pocock 1901): overall body with thick cover of mud and soil particles, except for mouth parts and epigyne (Fig. 1A–B). Prosoma high, with abruptly sloped thoracic part. Cephalic part with distinct, transversely oval pit behind PER. Thoracic part with sinuous margin (Fig. 1A). AMEs largest. Labium unfused with sternum (Fig. 1B). Sternum oval, with anterior concavity (Fig. 1B). Opisthosoma globular (Fig. 1A). Body length 10.00. Carapace 4.50 long. Epigyne (Fig. 1C): sclerotized, with anterior hood and broad, paired lateral plates having posterolateral horny lobes, with narrow heart-shaped median septum. Copulatory openings indistinct. Male. Unknown. Note. The NHM collection has a single female specimen (holotype) and the original description of this species was based on it (J. Beccaloni, pers. comm.) (Fig. 1). It lost its legs, except for the femur and patella of anterior right leg II (Fig. 1A–B). Details of vulva are unknown as we were not allowed to dissect and examine it. Comments. Pre-epigyne and pre-vulva in Cryptothele species: pre-epigynes and pre-vulvae are illustrated several times for many spider families (Bayer 2011). However, up to now, no information regarding pre-epigyne and pre-vulva in Zodariidae are available. Recently the first author had an opportunity to examine a few individuals of a Cryptothele species collected from the Kottayam district of the southern Indian state of Kerala (ADSH191) (Fig. 2). These specimens are subadult females that had developed some faintly sclerotized sculpturing in the genital area (Fig. 2E–F). The preepigyne and pre-vulva are clearly apparent in these specimens (Fig. 2E–F) and, compared to the epigynes of adult Cryptothele species, are structurally quite distinct. The pre-epigyne is weakly sclerotized, with a broad median septum and paired lateral circular atria (Figs 2E, 3A) (compare with Fig. 1C and also Koch 1872: fig. 2g; Workman 1896: fig. 77f; Kulczyński 1911: plate XXI, figs 30–32; Marusik & Omelko 2012: fig. 4). Copulatory openings indistinct as in the case of adult stages. As of yet, the vulva of Cryptothele species is not illustrated and comparison of pre-vulva illustrated here is not possible. Copulatory ducts of pre-vulva hyaline, moderately long, wide, longitudinally oriented (Figs 2F, 3B). Spermathecae roughly globular, sclerotized (Figs 2F, 3B). Fertilisation ducts long, converging (Fig. 3B).Published as part of Sankaran, Pradeep M. & Joseph, Mathew M., 2022, On the identity of Cryptothele collina Pocock, 1901, and comment on the preepigyne and pre-vulva in Cryptothele L. Koch, 1872 (Araneae, Zodariidae Cryptothelinae), pp. 397-400 in Zootaxa 5124 (3) on pages 397-399, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5124.3.9, http://zenodo.org/record/641463
Student musicale, October 10, 1984
No full textRecorded during a live performance at Dalton Center Recital Hall, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, October 10, 1984, 2:00 p.m., the 31st concert of the School of Music's 1983-1984 season.K. Lewis, baritone (in the 1st work) ; V. Priuska, piano (in the 1st work) ; J. Rothman, piano (in the 2nd work) ; D. Duiven, baritone (in the 3rd-4th works) ; L. Salisz, piano (in the 3rd-4th works).Audio not available.Sì, tra i ceppi / George Frideric Handel (Ken Lewis, baritone ; Valerie Priuska, piano) -- L’isle joyeuse : 1904 / Claude Debussy (Janlee Rothman, piano) -- Le sacre du printemps = Rite of spring. First part: Adoration of the earth. Introduction ; Prophets of spring. Dance of the young girls ; ritual of abduction ; Spring rounds (Janet Karpus, piano ; Aleen Pocock, piano) -- O mistress mine ; Blow, blow, thou winter wind : [from Shakespeare songs, opus 6] / Roger Quilter (David Duiven, baritone ; Lucy A. Salisz, piano) -- Jericho / Livingston Gearhart (Diana Schaeffer, Sue Zahrt, Jeohn Reikow, Molly Start, Ken Lewis, Mario Grazulis, Stephen Redmon, Sheila Leadbetter, Anne Black, cellists
Trigonotarbus johnsoni Pocock 1911
No full textMORPHOLOGY OF TRIGONOTARBUS JOHNSONI Carapace The prosomal region of Tr. johnsoni is lacking the complex ornamentation seen in some taxa, and all aspects of the anatomy are easily seen in the hand specimen. Hence the features identified here differ little from previous interpretations. The original description by Pocock (1911: fig. 38) recognized an essentially triangular carapace with a rounded anterior tip (or clypeus). The carapace has a raised median band bearing a single pair of median eyes, with somewhat sunken lateral flanks. Pocock also figured the transverse groove towards the back of the carapace, although the depression behind the eyes was not shown and is more clearly expressed in some specimens than others. It is tentatively assumed to be a genuine feature and included in the present reconstruction (Fig. 4; see also Dunlop, 1996a: text-fig. 4). Appendages Ventrally, Pocock (1911) correctly figured the leg coxae increasing in size posteriorly, but the presence of a sternum between the coxae and the small chelicerae was first recognized by Petrunkevitch (1949: fig. 111) and confirmed here. Neither author saw the lip-like endites on the first leg coxae revealed here by the tomographic reconstruction. The nearest equivalent are projections from the first coxae in Palaeocharinus and the anthracomartids; however, the detailed shape is rather different and it is unclear if these are homologous with the Tr. johnsoni structures. The pedipalps and legs are of a fairly simple construction (i.e. no spines or raptorial structures) and generally give the impression of a compact arachnid with fairly short, stubby appendages. Some ambiguities in the lengths of the leg articles compared with previous descriptions can be clarified here with the help of tomography, such as the fact that the patella is not much shorter than the tibia, whereas the metatarsus is noticeably shorter than the tarsus. A short metatarsus is also seen in palaeocharinids and anthracomartids and may be a plesiomorphic character within trigonotarbids. Tarsal claws could not be resolved here and were added to the reconstruction (Fig. 4) based on comparisons with other trigonotarbid species. Opisthosoma Opisthosomal segmentation can be a contentious issue in trigonotarbids. Pocock (1911) did not give a segment count, but Petrunkevitch (1949) recognized only eight segments in Tr. johnsoni. Subsequent study of better preserved material (e.g. the Rhynie Chert trigonotarbids) suggests a ground pattern for trigonotarbids of 12 segments in total; whereby the first tergite is modified into a locking ridge that largely tucks under the back of the carapace, the first sternite may be absent, tergites 2 + 3 are often fused into a large diplotergite, and the last two segments (11–12) are ring-like and form a small pygidium (Garwood & Dunlop, 2010). However, a number of Carboniferous taxa seem to differ from this ground pattern, either by reducing the first tergite and/or having separate tergites 2 and 3; possibly a reversal. Trying to apply this to Tr. johnsoni we are forced to consider two competing interpretations of the relationship between dorsal and ventral segmentation. The short anterior tergites in Tr. johnsoni imply that there is no diplotergite 2 + 3, and this is reflected in the current figures and idealized reconstruction (Fig. 4). We do, however, recognize a thickening or ridge at the front of the anterior-most tergite, which we tentatively interpret as a highly reduced tergite 1 in which its ‘locking’ function beneath the carapace may have been lost. Counting back from our presumed tergite 2, we can recognize dorsal sclerites back to a posterior-most tergite nine (Fig. 3A). This is consistent with all other trigonotarbids in which nine tergites are universally visible dorsally (the first perhaps reduced or hidden). In this scenario (Fig. 3A), tergite nine of Tr. johnsoni is rather small and – like that of palaeocharinids – lacks a division into median and lateral plates. Ventrally, segments 11 and 12 should form the small round pygidium (see above) and our favoured scenario of segmentation thus necessitates a fusion of sternites 9 + 10 surrounding the pygidium in order for sternite 8 to match the margins of tergite 8 (Fig. 4). This ventral fusion is potentially a unique character for Tr. johnsoni. If an alternative scheme were to be chosen in which the first fully visible tergite is (despite its short length) a fused diplotergite 2 + 3, then tergite nine must be both laterally and longitudinally divided. A comparable condition is observed in Anthracomartidae (Garwood & Dunlop, 2011) and some Eophrynidae. This would then no longer require a fused sternite 9 + 10, but would make the anterior ventral segmentation difficult to reconcile with either the hand specimens or the tomographic model. For this reason the former hypothesis of segmentation is preferred.Published as part of Jones, Fiona M., Dunlop, Jason A., Friedman, Matt & Garwood, Russell J., 2014, Trigonotarbus johnsoni Pocock, 1911, revealed by X-ray computed tomography, with a cladistic analysis of the extinct trigonotarbid arachnids, pp. 49-70 in Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 172 (1) on pages 59-60, DOI: 10.1111/zoj.12167, http://zenodo.org/record/531364
Invited review: decoding the microRNA response to hypoxia
No full textmicroRNAs (miRNAs) were discovered nearly two decades ago by researchers who sought to understand how basic developmental mechanisms work in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Since the identification of conserved miRNA families in higher eukaryotes, there has been an explosion of interest into how these tiny RNA molecules function. miRNAs are 20-24 nucleotide non-coding RNA molecules that predominantly regulate transcripts of target genes through translational inhibition. Much recent interest has focused on the influence of miRNAs on homeostatic regulation, and in particular, hypoxic responses. The ability to sense and respond to hypoxia is of fundamental importance to aerobic organisms and dysregulated oxygen homeostasis is a hallmark in the pathophysiology of cancer, neurological dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and lung disease. miRNAs are ideal mediators of hypoxic stress responses as they are able to modify gene expression both rapidly and reversibly. This enables miRNA-mediated gene regulatory circuits to modify metabolic networks with immaculate precision and control. Therefore, one may consider miRNAs as molecular rheostats which effect tuning and switching of regulatory circuits to facilitate survival and adaptation to hypoxic conditions. Such miRNA-mediated regulatory circuits would provide flexible and conditional alternatives to "conventional" transcriptional regulation. Here, I review recent discoveries that have boosted our understanding of miRNA regulation of hypoxia and discuss where future breakthroughs in this area may be made
Tityus (Atreus) magnimanus Pocock 1897
No full text<i>Tityus</i> (<i>Atreus</i>) <i>magnimanus</i> Pocock, 1897 <p>Figures 1–19</p> <p> <i>Tityus magnimanus</i> Pocock, 1897: 514; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 249; Kovařík, 2002: 20; Lourenço & Bruehmueller Ramos, 2004: 285; Lourenço, 2007a: 376.</p> <p> <i>Tityus</i> (<i>Atreus</i>) <i>magnimanus</i>: Lourenço, 2006: 61.</p> <p> = <i>Tityus falconensis</i> González-Sponga, 1974: 62; Fet & Lowe, 2000: 244; Rojas-Runjaic & De Sousa, 2007: 287 (syn. by Lourenço & Bruehmueller, 2004: 286).</p> <p> <i>Tityus</i> (<i>Atreus</i>) <i>falconensis</i>: Lourenço, 2006: 61; Lourenço, 2007b: 477.</p> <p> = <i>Tityus</i> (<i>Atreus</i>) <i>ythieri</i> Lourenço, 2007a: 377; Lourenço, 2007b: 477. <b>Syn. n.</b></p> <p>TYPE LOCALITY AND TYPE DEPOSITORY. Brazil (error, see comments); BMNH (The Natural History Museum, London, United Kingdom).</p> <p> MATERIAL EXAMINED. <b>Venezuela</b>, Falcón Province, 56♂ 42♀ 138 juvs, 2006. <b>Ecuador</b>, Morona-Santiago Province, south of Yaupi, 38♂ 24♀ 86 juvs, direct descendants of the of the holotype female and paratype male of <i>T. ythieri</i> collected by local Indians. <b>Hybrids No.</b> 1, 12♂ 9♀ 2juvs. (♀ from Venezuela and ♂ descendants of the holotype female and paratype male of <i>T. ythieri</i>), 26 juvs. descendants of the hybrids No. 1. <b>Hybrids No. 2</b>, 8♂ 5♀ 11juvs. (♂ from Venezuela and ♀ descendants of the of the holotype female and paratype male of <i>T. ythieri</i>), 21 juvs. descendants of the hybrids No. 2. All specimens were reared by first and fifth authors in 2004–2008, and are in first author’s collection (FKCP).</p> <p> DIAGNOSIS. Adults 45 <b>–</b> 72 mm long. Females mature after fifth ecdysis; males mature after fourth or fifth ecdysis, which determines their final size. Base color reddish yellow to dark reddish (depending on age), young spotted. Pectinal teeth number 17 <b>–</b> 23. Subaculear tooth short and strongly spinoid. Basal middle lamella of female pectines dilated. Fixed and movable fingers of pedipalps with 14/16 rows of granules that include external and internal granules. Movable finger with minute basal tubercle in both sexes. Ventral carinae of third and fourth metasomal segments in Y-shaped configuration. Manus of pedipalp narrower in female than in male. Metasoma slightly longer in male than in female.</p>Published as part of <i>Kovařík, František, Šťáhlavský, František, Kořínková, Tereza, Král, Jiří & Ende, Tom van der, 2009, Tityus ythieri Lourenço, 2007 is a synonym of Tityus magnimanus Pocock, 1897 (Scorpiones: Buthidae): a combined approach using morphology, hybridization experiments, chromosomes, and mitochondrial DNA, pp. 1-12 in Euscorpius 77 (77)</i> on page 2, DOI: 10.18590/euscorpius.2009.vol2009.iss77.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4649049">http://zenodo.org/record/4649049</a>
Paracryptops Pocock 1891
No full textGenus <i>Paracryptops</i> Pocock, 1891 <p> <i>Paracryptops</i> Pocock, 1891:227; 1894:316. Kraepelin, 1903:59 –60. Verhoeff, 1907:250. Chamberlin, 1914:158. Attems, 1930:244. B cherl, 1939:240; 1941:74; 1974:123. Khanna, 1994:460; 2001:211. Schileyko, 2002:482.</p> <p> <i>Type species</i>. <i>P. weberi</i> Pocock, 1891, by monotypy.</p> <p> <i>Diagnosis</i>. Anterior margin of coxosternum with two rounded, segregated lobes; claws of prehensors short, barely extending beyond levels of inner margins of trochanteroprefemora, well separated from opposite member in resting position.</p> <p> <i>Components</i>. Five species have been described, some of which may be synonymous: <i>P. w e b e r i</i>, <i>P. breviunguis</i>, <i>P. inexpectus</i>, <i>P. i n d i c u s</i>, and <i>P. spinosus</i>.</p> <p> <i>Distribution</i>. Southern and southeast Asia (India, Malaysia [Sabah vicinity], Vietnam, Singapore, Indonesia [Java, Flores, and Sumba], and Papua New Guinea); South America (Guyana); Lesser Antilles (Dominica) (Fig. 1). Schileyko (2002) also cited the genus from China, but a thorough search of the second author’s library did not produce a documentation from China, and we do not know the source of this citation. China should be deleted from the generic range until confirmed with a definite record.</p> <p> <i>Remarks</i>. <i>Paracryptops</i> is clearly a valid genus in the Cryptopinae; the lobed anterior margin of the coxosternum and the short prehensor claws are reliable generic characters (Pocock, 1891, 1894; Attems, 1930; Jangi & Dass, 1978). Only around 20 specimens total have been collected, and all the component species occur in southern/southeast Asia and the East Indies except for the isolated occurrence of <i>P. inexpectus</i> in the West Indies and northern South America, some 10,475 mi (16,752 km) to the east (Fig. 1). This distribution pattern suggests that <i>P. inexpectus</i> is an allochthonous species of anthropogenic origin rather than an indigenous New World taxon. As the largest community and only true city on Dominica, Roseau probably harbors a number of introduced centipede and millipede species, which typically predominate in urban environments, suggesting that the specimens of <i>P. inexpectus</i> are exogenous, although the source area is unknown. Likewise, the two localities of <i>P. spinosus</i>, Delhi and New Delhi, are large cities that surely harbor many introduced species, and the intercepted specimen of <i>P. w e b e r i</i> came from such a place, Singapore; indeed five of the 16 samples of <i>Paracryptops</i> (31% of the total) came from urban environments, so the genus is intimately associated with man. Additionally, representatives of <i>Paracryptops</i> have twice been intercepted in quarantines, in Honolulu (from Singapore) and Washington, DC (from Guyana), and the type of <i>P. spinosus</i> was found under pots in a plant nursery, where it was likely carried by man. The distribution pattern of four species in southern/southeast Asia and one thousands of miles away in the eastern Caribbean and northeastern South America defies geographic logic unless the latter is introduced from the former area. This possibility is enhanced by the small size and cryptic nature of the centipedes, and the fact that, according to the descriptions, there are few differences between the species. We suspect that <i>Paracryptops</i> actually consists of less than five species, perhaps only one or two, that have been unknowingly introduced by man to other locations and then discovered and redescribed as new species. A full generic revision, including examinations and comparisons of all specimens, especially the types, is needed and would provide clues to the origins of the species, but this is beyond the scope of the present study. We therefore retain all five species and redescribe <i>P. inexpectus</i> based on the holotype and the two Dominican individuals.</p>Published as part of <i>Junior, Amazonas Chagas & Shelley, Rowland M., 2004, Rediscovery and redescription of the centipede Paracryptops inexpectus Chamberlin, 1914, with an account of the genus (Scolopendromorpha: Cryptopidae: Cryptopinae), pp. 1-8 in Zootaxa 475</i> on page 3, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/157786">10.5281/zenodo.157786</a>
Ethmostigmus Pocock 1898
No full textGenus Ethmostigmus Pocock, 1898 Type-species. Scolopendra trigonopoda Leach, 1817 (by subsequent designation). Range. India: Tamil Nadu, Assam, Madras; W Nepal (Annapurna Reservation Area); Bhutan; Sri Lanka; China; Myanmar; Cambodia; Laos; Thailand; Vietnam; Singapore; Taiwan; Philippines; Peninsular Malaysia, Borneo Island (Sarawak); Indonesia: Java Island, Sulawesi Island, Maluku Islands, Raja Ampat Islands, West Papua; Papua New Guinea: Madang Province, Bismarck Archipelago; Australia: Northern Territory (Keep River National Park), Western Australia (McDermid Rock, Kimberley, Banjiwarn, Goldsworthy); Solomon Islands; Polynesia: Tahiti, Society Islands, Tuvalu Islands; Turkey (?); Africa: Algeria; Ethiopia; Sudan; Tanzania; Gambia (Bijilo Forest Park); Angola; Malawi; Congo; Zanzibar Archipelago; Fernando Po Island. Remarks. Ethmostigmus relictus was described by Chamberlin (1944b) from “«Luid[?]», Dutch New Guinea [West Papua Province]” on the basis of one specimen. According to the author the species is morphologically close to E. rubripes in the form of the “pseudopleural [=coxopleural] process” but differs from the latter “in having but two spines above [=dorsal] with these low and blunt, almost abortive. It differs also in lacking a tarsal spine [=spur] on the 20th pair of legs”. All these “differences” fall well within the intraspecific variability of E. r. rubripes, so this dubious form has not been included in the list of species. According to Bonato et al. (2016) E. relictus is known also from Java Island (Indonesia) but we were not able to find where this record comes from.Published as part of Schileyko, Arkady A. & Stoev, Pavel E., 2016, Scolopendromorpha of New Guinea and adjacent islands (Myriapoda, Chilopoda), pp. 247-280 in Zootaxa 4147 (3) on page 258, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/26484
His Majesty's advocate : Sir James Stewart of Goodtrees (1635-1713) and Covenanter resistance theory under the Restoration monarchy
No full textThis thesis is the first to explore the life and political thought of Sir James
Stewart of Goodtrees (1635-1713). The first part reviews the life of his father, Sir
James Stewart of Kirk field (1608-1681) to 1661, and Goodtrees' own life from birth
to his admission to the Scots bar in 1661. This provides the backdrop of history
necessary to appreciate his contributions as both writer and radical activist.
Particular attention focuses on the conflict between Charles I and Charles II, on the
one hand, and the Church of Scotland, on the other; the National Covenant (1638)
and the Solemn League and Covenant of(1643); the British wars of religion; and
the upheavals following the Restoration in the 1660s, culminating in the Pentland
Rising of 1666.
The next part develops Goodtrees' political philosophy from his two most
important writings. Chapter 3 reviews and interprets Naphtali (1667), a defence of
those who rose at Pentland. Chapter 4 reviews Andrew Honyman's Survey of
Naphtali (1668, 1669), a rebuttal of Naphtali and standard Anglican case for royal
absolutism. Chapter 5 reviews and interprets Goodtrees' Jus Populi Vindicatum, or
The People's Right, to defend themselves and their Covenanted Religion, vindicated
(1669), his rejoinder to Honyman. His Calvinist, covenantal constitutionalism is
shown to be an important link between earlier resistance theorists like John Knox
and Samuel Rutherford and the later Whigs, represented preeminently by John
Locke.
The third part (chapters 6-7) reviews Goodtrees' life and minor writings as radical critic of the Restoration monarchy; a participant in plots among British
exiles in Holland to overthrow it; a member briefly of James's Scottish government
before the Revolution; and lord advocate and churchman pursuing political, legal,
and ecclesiastical reforms afterwards
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