637 research outputs found
Penapis larraini Packer, new species
No full textPenapis larraini Packer, new species (Figs. 1, A–J) Diagnosis. The male can be differentiated from other species of the genus by the absence of sublateral processes on S 6 and the form of the sublateral processes on S 5 (Figs. 1 C–F). In side view, the latter have a narrow, digitiform apex, which is dorsoventrally flattened (Fig. 1 E). All other species in the genus have rounded (in P. penai angulate) sublateral processes on S 6 and approximately triangular processes on S 5, which are not dorsoventrally flattened, rather they are uniformly obliquely compressed. The female is most easily distinguished by the punctation of the metasomal terga: T 1 –T 4 have large, shallow punctures on the apical half (excepting the apical impressed areas) and T 2 –T 4 have minute, denser punctures bearing minute setae that are restricted to the anterior half of the tergum (slightly more extensive medially) (Fig. 1 J). Other species have the horizontal portion of T 1 impunctate, or almost so, and the minute punctures of T 2 –T 4 more extensive, at least on T 3 approaching the apical impressed areas medially to a distance much less than the length of the impressed area (Fig. 1 K). The male has similar sculpture but is more readily separated by the sternal characters noted above. Description. Male: Head width 1.85–1.90mm, ITW 1.4–1.45mm, wing length 4.8 –5.0mm, body length 7.4–7.6mm. Lower part of face moderately projecting (Fig. 1 A). Pterostigma with pale disc bordered by brown marginal veins. Midtibial spur gently curved almost to base. S 4 with more than 10 outwardly recurved plumose setae on each side; apical comb pale amber, more than 20 straight setae on each side, narrowly interrupted medially (Fig. 1 B), comb setae finer and longer than in other species. S 5 with median apical process shorter than sublateral process, laterally compressed and somewhat downcurved apically; sublateral process in lateral view with deep basal portion ending in acute angulation ventrobasad of dorsoventrally flattened, narrow apical projection (Figs. 1 C–E). S 6 lacking sublateral process, surface flat, apical concavity broad, truncate (Fig. 1 F). S 8 and genital capsule as in figures 1 G and 1 H. Female: Head width 4.8–5.2mm, ITW 1.42–1.52mm, wing length 4.8–5.2mm, body length 7.3–8.4mm. Midfemur flat over most of anterior surface, somewhat concave towards apex because of apicodorsal swelling. Scopa pale straw. Metasomal terga with sparse, shallow, large punctures on apical half (apical impressed areas excepted); punctures smaller, denser and more distinct on T 5 and T 6; anterior half of T 2 –T 4 with minute punctures separated by> their diameters; minute punctures extending slightly past midlength of tergum medially, less extensive laterally (Fig. 1 J). Material studied. Holotype male: CHILE Region I, Alto Patache, xi. 1997, W. Sielfeld. Allotype female, one male paratype and two female paratypes with identical label data, PUCV with one pair of paratypes at PCYU. Three female paratypes (one missing the head) same locality, 820m, one each from 30.xi.1997, 02.xii. 1997 and 07.xii. 1997, H. Larrain, two at PCYU, one at PUCV. Although not stated on any labels, the locality is at 20 ° 49 ’S; 70 °09’W. Etymology. The species is named after Horacio Larrain, eco-anthropologist and archaeologist of the Universidad Boliviariana in Iquique, northern Chile. The name is appropriate as his wife, Marta, is a sister of the renowned, late Chilean entomologist Luis Peña, after whom the genus and its type species were named. Dr. Larrain collected the first specimens of the species seen by the author and has been involved with numerous research projects on the locus typicus.Published as part of Packer, Laurence, 2012, Penapis larraini Packer, a new species of rophitine bee (Hymenoptera: Halictidae) from a fog oasis in Northern Chile, pp. 54-58 in Zootaxa 3408 on page 55, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.21437
Supplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jcn-10.1177_08830738211038083 - Computerized Working Memory Training for Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): A Pilot Study
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-jcn-10.1177_08830738211038083 for Computerized Working Memory Training for Children With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 (NF1): A Pilot Study by Kristina K. Hardy, Carly Berger, Danielle Griffin, Karin S. Walsh, Christina M. Sharkey, Hannah Weisman, Anthony Gioia, Roger J. Packer and Maria T. Acosta in Journal of Child Neurology</p
Corrigendum to: Consensus framework for conducting phase I/II clinical trials for children, adolescents, and young adults with pediatric low-grade glioma: Guidelines established by the International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition Clinical Trial Working Group
No full textThis is a corrigendum to: Sabine Mueller, Jason Fangusaro, Arzu Onar Thomas, Thomas S Jacques, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Peter de Blank, Roger J Packer, Maryam Fouladi, Antoinette Schouten van Meeteren, David Jones, Arie Perry, Yoshiko Nakano, Darren Hargrave, David Riedl, Nathan J Robison, Marita Partanen, Michael J Fisher, Olaf Witt, Consensus framework for conducting phase I/II clinical trials for children, adolescents, and young adults with pediatric low-grade glioma: Guidelines established by the International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition Clinical Trial Working Group, Neuro-Oncology, 2023;, noad227, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad227.
In the originally published version of this manuscript, there was an error in the spelling of author Nathan J Robison’s name. This has been corrected
Supplementary_Material – Supplemental material for Cognition, ADHD Symptoms, and Functional Impairment in Children and Adolescents With Neurofibromatosis Type 1
No full textSupplemental material, Supplementary_Material for Cognition, ADHD Symptoms, and Functional Impairment in Children and Adolescents With Neurofibromatosis Type 1 by Jonathan M. Payne, Kristina M. Haebich, Rachel MacKenzie, Karin S. Walsh, Stephen J. C. Hearps, David Coghill, Belinda Barton, Natalie A. Pride, Nicole J. Ullrich, James H. Tonsgard, David Viskochil, Elizabeth K. Schorry, Laura Klesse, Michael J. Fisher, David H. Gutmann, Tena Rosser, Roger J. Packer, Bruce Korf, Maria T. Acosta, Mark A. Bellgrove and Kathryn N. North in Journal of Attention Disorders</p
Chilicola obesifrons Packer, n. sp.
No full textChilicola obesifrons Packer, n. sp. (Figs. 2, 3A–M) Diagnosis. Chilicola obesifrons and its close relatives (all of which are undescribed, but include this and the following species) are among the smallest bees in the genus. As a group, they can be differentiated from any of the named subgenera of Chilicola on the basis of the shape of the pronotum, the collar of which is moderately long, not strongly convergent anteriorly but angulate at the anterolateral corners (Fig. 3 E). A new subgenus is being described for this group of species (Packer, in press). Other unusual characteristics are the lack of an emargination on the inner margin of the eye (Figs. 2, 3A and C) (shared only with some species of the subgenus (Prosopoides)) and the comparatively coarse punctation of the thoracic dorsum (Fig. 3 F). The frons is at least slightly expanded around the median ocellus and just mesad of the upper portion of the compound eye (Figs. 2, 3A and C) in all of the species in the group with the exception of the next species to be described (C. catamarcense Packer, n. sp.). These expanded areas are comparatively impunctate but bear strongly imbricate microsculpture appearing almost granular, some species of the subgenus Prosopoides also share this condition. The membranous lobes of S 7 are unique (Fig. 3 H) in form, colouration and setation among related species, including the subgenus Prosopoides. These other taxa have much more robust lobes that usually bear long and/or thick, capitate setae. Chilicola obesifrons can be differentiated from other members of its group by the following characters: the head of both sexes in profile has the median ocellus entirely hidden by frontal swellings and the vertex is flat around the lateral ocellus (Figs. 3 B and D). This feature combined with the anterolateral corners of pronotum approximately right-angled serve to identify the male (Fig. 3 E). For the female, the comparatively small mesoscutal punctures, with space for approximately 12 between the median and parapsidal lines, separate this species from others with a swollen frons and flat vertex. Other species with the median ocellus hidden in profile either have males with the head angularly produced in front of the lateral ocellus in profile (an undescribed species known only from the male from Neuquen, Argentina) or anterolateral corners of pronotum acutely angled (a Bolivian species) and females with larger mesoscutal punctures such that at most 9 would fit in the space between admedian and parapsidal lines (both an additional northern Argentinian species and the Bolivian one). Description. Male: Body length 3.2mm, forewing length 2.0mm, head width 0.8mm. Colouration: Black, with following parts yellow: labrum, mandible (except apex red-brown), most of clypeus, spot on lower paraocular area, anterior mark on scape. Pedicel and flagellum orange. Legs with yellow-orange as follows: anterior surface of foretibia, outer surface of forebasitarsus, apical rings on all femora; basal and apical rings on all tibiae. Tarsi pale brown. Tegula and apical impressed areas of metasomal terga pale amber. Wing veins orange-brown. Surface Sculpture: Microsculpture strongly imbricate almost throughout. Labrum deeply, coarsely and densely punctate (i<d) on shining background. Clypeus dull with sparse, irregular and obscure punctures, i= 1– 4 d. Supraclypeal and lower paraocular areas somewhat shiny with punctures more distinct and somewhat more dense, i= 1–3 d. Frons with larger, denser punctures, i~d, with impunctate swellings around median ocellus and laterad of lateral ocellus. Vertex with transverse wrinkles among punctures. Hypostomal area irregularly punctate, i= 1–4 d. Pronotum, mesoscutum and scutellum (Fig. 3 F) dull with dense punctures that are large for size of insect, i<d; sparser on scutellum, i~d; metanotum duller than mesoscutum, punctures i<d. Mesopleuron somewhat shiny, irregularly punctate, i<1–3 d. Dorsal surface of propodeum with disk slightly depressed, weakly rugosoreticulate on either side of median carina, dorsolateral area roughened. Metasomal terga with weak microsculpture, sparse shallow obscure punctures, anterior portions of terga not differently sculptured from disks, apical impressed areas impunctate with very weak microsculpture. Pubescence: White, short and sparse, not especially plumose; lacking long erect hairs on hypostomal area. Without apicolateral hair patches on metasomal terga. No areas of specialized pubescence on metasomal sterna or legs. Structure: Head: Longer than broad, length to width 62: 53 (Fig. 3 A). Labrum 2 X as broad as long, apex almost straight. Mandible short and broad, length:basal depth ~ 2: 1. Clypeus with length and breadth subequal, lower one third extending beyond lower ocular tangent, lacking median longitudinal groove; epistomal suture expanded below anterior tentorial pit almost to laterally reflexed portion of suture, pit not separated from suture (Fig. 3 A). Subantennal suture curved inward from near origin on antennal socket, otherwise straight; supraclypeal area (Fig. 3 A) long and narrow, length to breadth <2: 1, weakly produced and poorly demarcated from frons above. Frons greatly swollen around median ocellus and mesad of upper inner margin of eye such that median ocellus not visible in profile; swellings causing head to be flat dorsally in profile (Fig. 3 B). Frontal line distinct to median ocellus. Facial fovea broadly oval, shiny and shallow (Fig. 2). Inner margin of compound eye not emarginate (Fig. 3 A) making UOD difficult to assess, but eyes strongly convergent below (Fig. 3 A); OOC subequal to IOC. Lateral ocellus separated from compound eye by more than 2 X its diameter. Vertex slightly longer than lateral ocellus, abruptly rounded onto occipital region. Upper ocular tangent passing well below lower margin of median ocellus by more than MOD. Scape 3 X longer than greatest breadth, much longer than pedicel (Fig. 3 A) and F 1 –F 3 combined; F 1 broader than long, F 2 4 X broader than long (Fig. 2); middle flagellomeres with length and breadth subequal; F 11 slightly longer than F 10; flagellum gradually increasing in breadth from F 1 to F 11; flagellomeres lacking unusual patterns of setation or structural modifications. Genal area approximately one third as long as eye (Fig. 3 B). Malar space linear such that presence or absence of malar suture indetectable. Mesosoma: Elongate, length more than 2 X its greatest depth (17: 7). Pronotal collar long, slightly more than ½ as long as scape and approximately 1.5 LOL, laterally weakly concave, anterolateral corners forming right angle (Fig. 3 E). Episternal groove complete, sharply curved anteriorly below. Scrobal groove weakly defined posterior to scrobe. Propodeum elongate, dorsal surface as long as posterior depth and subequal to length of scutellum (scutellum:metanotum:propodeum 24: 15: 25); propodeal sulcus marked by shallow pits becoming more distinct posteriorly. Hind leg not strongly modified; trochanter lacking modifications; femur 3 X as long as greatest depth, convex ventrally; tibia gradually expanding from base to apex, somewhat more strongly so in basal half, length 3.5 X greatest depth, lacking angles, carinae or ridges (Fig. 3 G); hind tibial spurs long and not strongly curved or sclerotised; hind basitarsus 6 X longer than greatest depth, parallel sided; hind tarsal claws bifid. Basal vein evenly curved; distal stigmal perpendicular crossing near apex of second submarginal cell, stigma shorter than length of marginal cell on wing margin, stigmal margin in marginal cell convex; first recurrent vein and first submarginal crossvein approximately interstitial on Rs+M. Metasoma: Length and apical width of T 1 subequal. T 2 and T 3 with weak basal depressions; apical impressed area approximately 0.33 X length of tergum. Metasomal sterna unmodified except S 1 slightly swollen at apex, gradulus of S 2 with long posteriorly directed lateral portion, gradulus missing on S 3 –S 6. Terminalia: S 7 with one pair of lateral lobes, ventral lobe broad, membranous, dusky pigmented except for basal and apical extremities; dorsal lobe reduced to narrow lamella with acute dorsolaterally oriented angulation (Fig. 3 H). S 8 with apical process elongate; widest at apex; emarginate apically (Fig. 3 I). Ventroapical process of gonobase broad with comparatively long lateral projections. Volsella kidney-shaped; gonostylus not clearly demarcated from rest of gonoforceps. Gonoforceps with medioventral lobe approximately right-angled. Penis valve with pair of subapical membranous lobes, both oriented dorsally (Fig. 3 J). Female: Body length 3.3mm, wing length 2.0mm, head width 0.8mm. Colouration: As in male except as follows: Labrum, mandible and anterior surface of flagellum orange. Clypeus and lower paraocular area lacking pale markings. Legs with marking darker orange; rings on femora and tibiae narrower. Metasomal sterna dark brown. Wing veins pale amber. Surface Sculpture: As for male except as follows: Somewhat less dull throughout due to slightly weaker microsculpture. Spacing of punctures on supraclypeal area less regular, i= 1–5 d. Scutellum with space for approximately 12 punctures between admedian and parapsidal line. Metanotum no duller than scutellum. Mesopleural punctures finer. Lateral sulcus of propodeum very weak. Pubescence: As in male except as follows: Comparatively sparse scopa on hind leg, with hairs on femur and tibia <3 MOD. Metasomal scopal hairs with short branches on anterior side of rhachis, well developed corbicula on S 2, <5 MOD; scopal hairs on S 3 <4 MOD; apical row of hairs on S 4 <3 MOD; Structure: Maxillary palpus unmodified, somewhat less than 0.5 X as long as prementum. Prementum 4 X longer than greatest width; premental fovea large, carinate laterally. Lacinia an elongate triangle, more than 3 X as long as greatest breadth. Lorum weakly sclerotised except towards apex, 0.33 X as long as cardo. Rest of body as in male except for usual secondary sexual characteristics and as follows: Facial fovea larger (Fig. 3 C). Frons less strongly swollen around median ocellus and dorsally along inner margin of eye, median ocellus not visible in profile, area around it somewhat flattened (as in Figs. 3 C and D), region between medial and lateral swellings concave. Supraclypeal area shorter than in male (Fig. 3 C). Gena more than 0.5 X as long as width of compound eye (Fig. 3 D). Apical lunule of S 5 forming approximately equilateral triangle. Sting apparatus: Hemitergite 7 (Fig. 3 K) with lateral portion of marginal ridge thick almost to apex with obtuse angle at base of lateral process; lateral lamella approximately triangular, medial portion of marginal ridge concave; spiracle closer to lateral portion of marginal ridge than to apex of lamina spiracularis, set in shallow depression; apodeme poorly developed; posterior margin of lamina spiracularis obtusely excised. Hemitergite 8 (Fig. 3 H) with anterior ridge strongly developed to apex, straight except slightly produced anteriorly at apex; margin of plate and junction of apodeme and plate both slightly sinuate. First valvifer comparatively long and parallel-sided with short dorsal and ventral processes. Second valvifer with apodemal ridge slightly convex, apical process weakly developed, pars articularis narrowly rounded, incisura postarticularis moderately broad, portion of plate basal to gonostylus membranous, gonostylus somewhat parallel-sided. Sting shaft with basal bulb 2 / 3 as long as stylet, ventral surface slightly concave; processus muscularis and processus medianus not strongly developed (Fig. 3 M). Furcula with ventral arms narrow apically considerably broadened near basal one third, in lateral view strongly reminiscent of a cheese knife with ventral margin of dorsal arm strongly convex. Material studied. Holotype male and allotype female, ARGENTINA, Catamarca, 17km N. of Andalgala, 14–15.ii. 2003, L. Packer, pan traps; all paratypes are also from Catamarca province and are as follows: 25km N. of Andalgala, 14.ii.03 L. Packer, six females (one in glycerin); 20km N. of Andalgala, 27 o 29 ’ 477 ”S, 0 66 o 23 ’006”W, 1736m, 14.ii.03, L. Packer, three females; Los Nacimientos de Abajo, 16–31.i. 1969 Willink, Torán & Stange, malaise trap, [Entomofauna Subandina], one female; 6km N. of Belén, 1240m, 16–31.i. 1969 Willink, Torán & Stange, malaise trap, [Entomofauna Subandina], one female; Punta Balasto, i. 1997, Arriagada, one female; San Fernando, 7.iii. 1990, Rozen and Roig, on Sclerophyllax gilliesii (Sclerophyllaceae), six females. The holotype and allotype will be housed at MACN pending completion of revisionary studies of the group; the Willink, Torán, Stange females are at IML, Arriagada’s and Rozen and Roig’s specimens are at the AMNH, the remaining paratype females are at PYU. Etymology. The specific epithet refers to the large swellings around the median ocellus and just mesad of the upper portion of the eye. Comments. The type series collected by the senior author was found on the roadside between Andalgala and Capillitas in an area that was substantially moister than were the surrounding areas. The two specimens collected by Duckworth have the propodeal sulcus more strongly developed than in the others and approach several undescribed species in the group in this regard. Two females from Sumalao, Salta Province, Argentina (AMNH), collected by Fritz in January 1996 may be attributable to this species.Published as part of Packer, Laurence & Genaro, Julio A., 2007, Fifteen new species of Chilicola (Hymenoptera: Apoidea; Colletidae), pp. 1-55 in Zootaxa 1468 on pages 5-10, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17662
Before main banks : a selective historical overview of Japan's prewar financialsystem
No full textThe postwar experience of the Japanese banking system has received considerable attention recently partly because conditions in defeated Japan in 1945 (including high inflation and the need to switch from a military to a civilian economy) are similar to those in transition economies today. Policymakers in transition economies can learn a good deal from the experiences of Japan's postwar financial system but should remember that Japan also experienced extraordinary industrial growth and financial institution building in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Lessons to be learned from that experience include the following: Business conglomerates that did not continue to depend on government patronage were more successful than others in making the transition to a modern industrial economy. Banks that made a conscious effort to reduce their dependence on central bank credit were more successful than those that did not. The establishment of procedures for punishing defaulting borrowers helped the development of the payments system. Limits on the amount of lending to related parties appear to have contributed to financial stability (and could have contributed more if the newer"zaibatsu"had been as prudent as the older ones). Bank bailouts without accompanying reform (such as those the Bank of Japan undertook in 1920 and 1922) probably increased the likelihood of a more serious crisis, such as that of 1927. Capital standards - the minimum capital requirements established in the 1927 law - were a viable means of encouraging bank consolidation and more prudent lending. The public financial system served as a buffer when the banking sector was downsized.Banks&Banking Reform,Payment Systems&Infrastructure,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Decentralization,Financial Intermediation,Financial Crisis Management&Restructuring,Municipal Financial Management,Banking Law,Banks&Banking Reform
Consensus framework for conducting phase I/II clinical trials for children, adolescents, and young adults with pediatric low-grade glioma: Guidelines established by the International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition Clinical Trial Working Group (Dec, 10.1093/neuonc/noad227, 2023)
No full textSabine Mueller, Jason Fangusaro, Arzu Onar Thomas, Thomas S Jacques, Pratiti Bandopadhayay, Peter de Blank, Roger J Packer, Maryam Fouladi, Antoinette Schouten van Meeteren, David Jones, Arie Perry, Yoshiko Nakano, Darren Hargrave, David Riedl, Nathan J Robinson, Marita Partanen, Michael J Fisher, Olaf Witt, Consensus framework for conducting phase I/II clinical trials for children, adolescents, and young adults with pediatric low-grade glioma: Guidelines established by the International Pediatric Low-Grade Glioma Coalition Clinical Trial Working Group, Neuro-Oncology, 2023;, noad227, https://doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noad227
In the originally published version of this manuscript, “Tovorafenib” is misspelled as “tovarafenib” in 2 places on page 3 and Reference 65 should be:
Kilburn, L.B., Khuong-Quang, DA., Hansford, J.R. et al. The type II RAF inhibitor tovorafenib in relapsed/refractory pediatric low-grade glioma: the phase 2 FIREFLY-1 trial. Nat Med (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-023-02668-y
This error has been corrected
Bees collect polyurethane and polyethylene plastics as novel nest materials
No full textPlastic waste pervades the global landscape. Although adverse impacts on both species and ecosystems have been documented, there are few observations of behavioral flexibility and adaptation in species, especially insects, to increasingly plastic-rich environments. Here, two species of megachilid bee are described independently using different types of polyurethane and polyethylene plastics in place of natural materials to construct and close brood cells in nests containing successfully emerging brood. The plastics collected by each bee species resembled the natural materials usually sought; Megachile rotundata, which uses cut plant leaves, was found constructing brood cells out of cut pieces of polyethylene-based plastic bags, and Megachile campanulae, which uses plant and tree resins, had brood cells constructed out of a polyurethane-based exterior building sealant. Although perhaps incidentally collected, the novel use of plastics in the nests of bees could reflect ecologically adaptive traits necessary for survival in an increasingly human-dominated environment.We thank Dr. Laurence Packer, Sheila Dumesh, Bahar Salehi and Erik Glemser for comments and discussion for the manuscript. Funding was provided by Dr. Packer’s NSERC Discovery Grant and an NSERC-CGS awarded to the first author. J. S. MacIvor
conceived and implemented the study, found the bee nests and reared the larvae. A. E. Moore analyzed the M. campanulae cells. J. S. MacIvor compiled and wrote the manuscript, A. E. Moore collaborated on the methods. A. E. Moore provided the graphs for the figures. J. S. MacIvor imaged the brood cells. Both authors critically revised the manuscript and approved it for publication. Publication was made possible by the York University Libraries' Open Access Author Fun
Malignant Gliomas in Adulthood
No full textMalignant gliomas are the most common type of primary malignant brain tumor, and glioblastoma is the most common malignant glioma. Standard initial therapy for glioblastoma includes aggressive surgical resection followed by a combination of focal radiation and chemotherapy with temozolomide; the role for chemotherapy in initial treatment of other malignant gliomas is less clear. Prognosis is poor, and recurrence of any malignant glioma is almost universal. This chapter provides an overview of malignant gliomas, their treatment, and ongoing research looking for more effective treatments
Simplified design equations for Plate-to-CHS T and X joints for use in codes
No full textThis paper deals with revised, simplified, consistent equations for plate-to-Circular Hollow Section (CHS) joints for inclusion in codes. After a short review of the background to these resistance equations in the current consolidated version of EN 1993-1-8 and those in ISO 14346, the background to these simplified new equations is discussed. The equations for Plate-to-Circular Hollow Section T and X joints (called TP and XP joints respectively) in the current EN 1993-1-8 are based on experimental data available up to 1991. They are further related to the equations for CHS T and X joints. Most of the data used are based on the ultimate joint resistance. A similar approach is used for the TP and XP equations in ISO 14346, but these are related to the updated equations for CHS T and X joints. Since the drafting of ISO 14346, new consistent numerical data from Voth became available where the resistance is not only based on the ultimate resistance but also takes the 3 %d0 joint deformation limit into account. The new equations in prEN 1993-1-8 are based on the Voth data, the de Winkel data and the Voth-Packer equations, but use a simplified uniform presentation which permits to relate joints with an I, H and RHS brace-to-CHS chord to these basic equations. Furthermore, the presented equations are based on the case of axial compression load in the plate, which is the lower bound of the compression and tension load casesSteel & Composite Structure
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