216 research outputs found
Dr. Norman Borlaug with CIMMYT's staff in the '80s, 90's and 2000's
No full textDr. Norman Borlaug with CIMMYT's staff in the '80s, 90's and early 2000s.Color PhotographZhonghu HeNorman Ernest BorlaugEvangelina Villegas MorenoGonzalo Granados ReynaudMasaru IwanagaPatrick C. WallHugo Salvador Cordova OrellanaSanjaya RajaramWarren KronstadtTimothy G. ReveesRomarico Arroyo MarroquinJorge Condo LopezMan Mohan KohliMahmood OzmanzaiElvin Charles StakmanEdwin J. WellhausenEleuterio DorantesLaura Rodriguez GallegosNorma Trinidad Hernandez OnofreYohei SasakawaShivaji PandeyOscar Brauer HerreraIgnacio SolisDavid PolandChristopher DowswellJoaquin Arias LopezJesus Rodriguez LunaEvangelina Cano de ViescaDolores Mir RodriguezMargarita PerezGregorio Martinez ValdezRoberto Javier Peña BautistaRichard TrethowanHugo E. Vivar FloresKelly A. CassadaySurinder Vasa
State of the Art. The Nexus between European Neighbourhood Policy and Justice and Home Affairs
No full textThe enlargement of the EU to include the ten new member states in Central and Eastern Europe and the two Mediterranean islands on 1 May 2004 and Bulgaria and Romania on 1 January 2007 was the result of a tremendous effort to reconfigure not only the frontiers of Europe, but also the concept of what Europe is. The borders of the EU have been highly unstable since its inception with continuous enlargement process driven by the objectives of peace, stability and prosperity. However, when the logic of stability begins to confound the imaginational and institutional capacities of the EU, a new direction is required. It is at this junction that the neighbourhood policy was developed in March 2003. The mechanism was designed to embrace the neighbours in the Internal Market, but to exclude them from participation in the institutions of the EU. This paper examines to what extent the coincidence of interests of EU citizens and nationals of the neighbours has been realized in the field of movement of persons. It is here that the objective of firm external border controls expressed by the member states’ interior ministries will enter into conflict with the softening of the border for the neighbours. If the authorities of the neighbourhood are persuaded to take repressive action against their own nationals who seek to travel to the EU on the basis of a common fight against irregular migration as part of the ENPs, then the interests of the neighbours’ citizens may not only diverge from those of the EU citizens but also from the actions of their own authorities. In states where the authorities are already in difficulties as regards their popular legitimacy, all too common in some of the neighbours (not to mention member states) this kind of pressure – which may increase popular resentment – may not be conducive to stability. Thus an examination of the European Neighbourhood Plans from the perspective of movement of persons is not only important from a legal perspective, it may be vital to the adoption of a coherent EU policy.European Neighbourhood Policies, European Neighbourhood Plans, Migration, Asylum, Border Management, Visas, Area of Freedom, Security and Justice, Justice and Home Affairs.
Nous et les autres
No full textCet article aborde la question des rapports conflictuels dans les sociétés des Matacos. Pour comprendre ce genre de rapports, violents et hostiles, l’auteur analyse la conception du type idéal de société qu’entretiennent les Matacos, ainsi que leur vision des « autres », et surtout, de qui sont les « autres ». Il y a une image de l’Autre qui est pleine de valeurs négatives. C’est à partir de cette image que les relations hostiles intra- ou intertribales sont générées, à travers des accusations réciproques. Dans ce sens, ces relations intertribales hostiles peuvent conduire directement à la guerre. Il y a des éléments très importants de la cosmovision des Matacos, qui se trouvent aussi dans la guerre, par exemple, la notion d’être frère, la façon par laquelle cela change, la métamorphose, la participation des croyances différentes, etc. Il faut analyser la guerre dans cette perspective. Cet article fait partie d’une recherche plus large, résultat d’un travail de terrain que l’auteur a mené de 1992 à 1997 parmi les communautés matacas situées dans le nord de l’Argentine.This article deals with the subject of conflicting relationships in the societies of Matacos. In order to understand the violent and hostile relationships, the author analyzes not only the way the Matacos understand an ideal society, but also their vision of the “others” and who is assigned to this category by them. Indeed, it is from an image that is projected in the “Other”, with negative values, that intra or intertribal relationships of hostility is generated by mean of reciprocal accusations. It is in this sense that the intertribal relationships leads us to the subject of war. The war entails important aspects that gives an account of the Matacos’ world-view (notion of “human being”, its alterations, metamorphosis, participation to believes different, etc.) that should not be left aside in order to analyze in an integral way such a complex and important phenomenon like the war. This paper is part of a more extended research based on field-work carried by the author from 1992 to 1997 among communities of Matacos located in northern Argentina
Nous et les autres
No full textCet article aborde la question des rapports conflictuels dans les sociétés des Matacos. Pour comprendre ce genre de rapports, violents et hostiles, l’auteur analyse la conception du type idéal de société qu’entretiennent les Matacos, ainsi que leur vision des « autres », et surtout, de qui sont les « autres ». Il y a une image de l’Autre qui est pleine de valeurs négatives. C’est à partir de cette image que les relations hostiles intra- ou intertribales sont générées, à travers des accusations réciproques. Dans ce sens, ces relations intertribales hostiles peuvent conduire directement à la guerre. Il y a des éléments très importants de la cosmovision des Matacos, qui se trouvent aussi dans la guerre, par exemple, la notion d’être frère, la façon par laquelle cela change, la métamorphose, la participation des croyances différentes, etc. Il faut analyser la guerre dans cette perspective. Cet article fait partie d’une recherche plus large, résultat d’un travail de terrain que l’auteur a mené de 1992 à 1997 parmi les communautés matacas situées dans le nord de l’Argentine.This article deals with the subject of conflicting relationships in the societies of Matacos. In order to understand the violent and hostile relationships, the author analyzes not only the way the Matacos understand an ideal society, but also their vision of the “others” and who is assigned to this category by them. Indeed, it is from an image that is projected in the “Other”, with negative values, that intra or intertribal relationships of hostility is generated by mean of reciprocal accusations. It is in this sense that the intertribal relationships leads us to the subject of war. The war entails important aspects that gives an account of the Matacos’ world-view (notion of “human being”, its alterations, metamorphosis, participation to believes different, etc.) that should not be left aside in order to analyze in an integral way such a complex and important phenomenon like the war. This paper is part of a more extended research based on field-work carried by the author from 1992 to 1997 among communities of Matacos located in northern Argentina
Role of c-miR-21, c-miR-126, Redox Status, and Inflammatory Conditions as Potential Predictors of Vascular Damage in T2DM Patients
No full textThe development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vascular complications (VCs) is associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation and can result in endothelial dysfunctions. Circulating microRNAs play an important role in epigenetic regulation of the etiology of T2DM. We studied 30 healthy volunteers, 26 T2DM patients with no complications, and 26 T2DM patients with VCs, to look for new biomarkers indicating a risk of developing VCs in T2DM patients. Peripheral blood samples were used to determine redox state, by measuring the endogenous antioxidant defense system (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GRd; glutathione peroxidase, GPx; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6DP) and markers of oxidative damage (advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP; lipid peroxidation, LPO). Additionally, inflammatory marker levels (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF-α), c-miR-21, and c-miR-126 expression were analyzed. T2DM patients showed the highest oxidative damage with increased GSSG/GSH ratios, LPO, and AOPP levels. In both diabetic groups, we found that diminished SOD activity was accompanied by increased CAT and decreased GRd and G6PD activities. Diabetic patients presented with increased relative expression of c-miR-21 and decreased relative expression of c-miR-126. Overall, c-miR-21, SOD, CAT, and IL-6 had high predictive values for diabetes diagnoses. Finally, our data demonstrated that IL-6 exhibited predictive value for VC development in the studied population. Moreover, c-miR-21 and c-miR-126, along with GPx and AOPP levels, should be considered possible markers for VC development in future studies
Role of c-miR-21, c-miR-126, Redox Status, and Inflammatory Conditions as Potential Predictors of Vascular Damage in T2DM Patients
No full textThe development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) vascular complications (VCs) is
associated with oxidative stress and chronic inflammation and can result in endothelial dysfunctions.
Circulating microRNAs play an important role in epigenetic regulation of the etiology of T2DM. We
studied 30 healthy volunteers, 26 T2DM patients with no complications, and 26 T2DM patients with
VCs, to look for new biomarkers indicating a risk of developing VCs in T2DM patients. Peripheral
blood samples were used to determine redox state, by measuring the endogenous antioxidant
defense system (superoxide dismutase, SOD; catalase, CAT; glutathione reductase, GRd; glutathione
peroxidase, GPx; and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, G6DP) and markers of oxidative damage
(advanced oxidation protein products, AOPP; lipid peroxidation, LPO). Additionally, inflammatory
marker levels (IL-1, IL-6, IL-18, and TNF- ), c-miR-21, and c-miR-126 expression were analyzed.
T2DM patients showed the highest oxidative damage with increased GSSG/GSH ratios, LPO, and
AOPP levels. In both diabetic groups, we found that diminished SOD activity was accompanied by
increased CAT and decreased GRd and G6PD activities. Diabetic patients presented with increased
relative expression of c-miR-21 and decreased relative expression of c-miR-126. Overall, c-miR-21,
SOD, CAT, and IL-6 had high predictive values for diabetes diagnoses. Finally, our data demonstrated
that IL-6 exhibited predictive value for VC development in the studied population. Moreover, c-miR-
21 and c-miR-126, along with GPx and AOPP levels, should be considered possible markers for VC
development in future studies.University of GranadaEugenio Rodriguez Pascual Foundation ERP-2021CIBERfes (ISCIII, Spain) CB16-10-0023
miR-30c effects on KRAS expression and cell proliferation.
No full text<p>(A) Schematic representation of miR-30c binding site within the KRAS 3′UTR region. (B) Luciferase activity of a reporter construct carrying the KRAS 3′UTR downstream of the luciferase gene. The construct was co-transfected with pre-miR-30c or scramble control in MDA-MB-436 cells. (C) KRAS expression at transcription level. Significant reduced level of KRAS mRNA expression was detected by qRT-PCR after pre-miR-30c transfection, comparing with scramble control. (D) Regulation of KRAS protein level by miR-30c. MDA-MB-436 cells were transfected with pre-miR-30c or pre-miR-scramble oligonucleotides. After 48 hours KRAS protein was evaluated by western blot. GAPDH was used as loading control. The signal in each line was quantified and the ratio of KRAS to GAPDH was determined. (E) Effect of miR-30c expression on proliferation of MDA-MB-436 cells. MTT cell viability assay was performed at 48, 72, 96, 120 or 144 hours after transfection of MDA-MB-436 cells with pre-miR-30c or pre-miR-scramble oligonucleotides.</p
Abstract 3549: miR-451 links CRC stem-like cells with chemoresistance
No full textAbstract
Introduction: In recent years, an emerging role for microRNAs (miRNAs) in human cancer has been proposed. Our group has previously identified miR-451 as a potential tumor suppressor microRNA involved in cell cycle progression and radiation response. We hypothesized whether miRNAs may be involved in drug resistance mechanisms among cytotoxic agents commonly used in metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC).
Experimental Design: miR-451 was overexpressed by ectopically synthetic pre-miR-451 transient transfection and by generating stable-miR-451 overexpressed cells through retroviral vectors. The role of miR-451 on chemosensitivity to 5-fluorouracil (5FU), oxaliplatin (LOHP) and SN38, an active metabolite of irinotecan, was characterized by MTS. We sought to determine links between miR-451 and cancer stem cells (CSCs) by colonspheres generation, soft-agar cell invasion and xenograft in vivo experiments. Down-stream targets involved in drug-resistance mechanisms were also identified.
Results: Overexpression of miR-451 significantly increased the sensitivity of CRC cell lines to SN38. The IC50 values were significantly lower in pre-miR-451-transfected cells, including DLD1, LoVo and RKO than in controls (950 nM versus 460 nM for DLD1; 10 nM versus 1.4 nM for LoVo and 20 nM versus 5.9 nM for RKO). No changes were detected for 5-FU and LOHP response. ATP-binding cassette transporter protein 1 (ABCB1) proved to be miR-451-target directly associated with SN38 sensitivity. Moreover, restoring miR-451 levels translated into a reduced tumorigenicity in a xenograft model and a decreased ability of CRC cells to growth under anchorage-independent conditions in soft agar.
These results suggest that miR-451 down-regulation in CRC cells may be involved in CSCs generation. Indeed, overexpression of miR-451 was able to reduce the number and size of CRC cells-derived colonspheres. The phenotype of formed colonspheres was confirmed evaluating overexpression of several putative CSCs markers (CD133, CD44, EpCam and CD166). We also found colonspheres to be more resistant to SN38 treatment and to express higher levels of ABCB1 than parental cells. Finally, miR-451 restoration levels reverted CSCs resistance to SN38 through ABCB1 down-regulation.
Conclusions: Our findings suggest that miR-451 is involved in SN38 resistance through suppression of ABCB1 and regulation of CRC stem-like cell phenotype. Therefore, miR-451 may represent a novel potential candidate target to circumvent drug resistance in CRC.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3549.</jats:p
Altered Expression of miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p Is Associated With Obesity and TNFα-Induced Insulin Resistance
No full textThe proinflammatory cytokine TNFα is a key player in insulin resistance (IR). The role of miRNAs in inflammation associated with IR is poorly understood. To investigate miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p expression profiles in obesity and to study their role in TNFα-induced IR in adipocytes. Two separate cohorts were used. Cohort 1 was used in adipose tissue (AT) expression studies and included 28 subjects with body mass index (BMI) Expression of miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p was reduced in adipose tissue from obese and diabetic subjects and was inversely correlated to adiposity and homeostasis model assessment of IR index. Overexpression of miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p in adipocytes upregulated insulin-stimulated AKT activation and reduced TNFα-induced IR, regulating PTEN and S6K expression. Serum levels of miR-181a-5p were reduced in case vs control subjects at baseline, suggesting a prognostic value. Variable importance in projection scores revealed miR-181a-5p had more effect on the model than insulin or glucose at 120 minutes. miR-181a-5p and miR-23a-3p may prevent TNFα-induced IR in adipocytes through modulation of PTEN and S6K expression.This study was supported by a project from the Fondo de Investigación Sanitaria (Grants PI14/00465 and PI17/00877 to M.R.C.), cofinanced by the European Regional Development Fund. M.R.C. is supported by the Research
Stabilization Program of the Instituto de Salud Carlos III cofinanced by Institut Catal`a de Salut in Catalonia.S
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