102,089 research outputs found

    Utility of big data in predicting short-term blood glucose levels in type 1 diabetes mellitus through machine learning techniques

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    Machine learning techniques combined with wearable electronics can deliver accurate short-term blood glucose level prediction models. These models can learn personalized glucose-insulin dynamics based on the sensor data collected by monitoring several aspects of the physiological condition and daily activity of an individual. Until now, the prevalent approach for developing data-driven prediction models was to collect as much data as possible to help physicians and patients optimally adjust therapy. The objective of this work was to investigate the minimum data variety, volume, and velocity required to create accurate person-centric short-term prediction models. We developed a series of these models using different machine learning time series forecasting techniques suitable for execution within a wearable processor. We conducted an extensive passive patient monitoring study in real-world conditions to build an appropriate data set. The study involved a subset of type 1 diabetic subjects wearing a flash glucose monitoring system. We comparatively and quantitatively evaluated the performance of the developed data-driven prediction models and the corresponding machine learning techniques. Our results indicate that very accurate short-term prediction can be achieved by only monitoring interstitial glucose data over a very short time period and using a low sampling frequency. The models developed can predict glucose levels within a 15-min horizon with an average error as low as 15.43 mg/dL using only 24 historic values collected within a period of sex hours, and by increasing the sampling frequency to include 72 values, the average error is reduced to 10.15 mg/dL. Our prediction models are suitable for execution within a wearable device, requiring the minimum hardware requirements while at simultaneously achieving very high prediction accuracy

    Documentes correspondientes al reinado de Ramiro I, desde M XXXIV hast a M LXIII anos, transcription, prólogo y notas de Eduardo Ibarra y Rodriguez

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    Martin-Chabot Eugène. Documentes correspondientes al reinado de Ramiro I, desde M XXXIV hast a M LXIII anos, transcription, prólogo y notas de Eduardo Ibarra y Rodriguez. In: Bibliothèque de l'école des chartes. 1906, tome 67. pp. 516-517

    La oralidad fingida en La profezia dell'armadillo de Zerocalcare: reflexiones en torno a la traducción de la variación lingüística

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    This study examines the graphic novel La profezia dell’armadillo (The Armadillo Prophecy, 2011) by Zerocalcare, an autobiographical comic -the author describes a personal journey from his early childhood years to the present day– which occupies a central position in his narrative career. This novel, moreover, provides an exceptional gateway into Zerocalcare’s storytelling and his media or transmedia ecosystem. The article is organized by first reviewing the concept of feigned orality. Thereafter, the notion of transmedia storytelling is presented and illustrates the author's biographical and creative trajectory. Based on the words of the author himself –“scrivo come parlo” (I write how I speak, 2015)– we identify the idiolect of the main characters, a mixture of standard Italian and expressions in Romanesco dialect, and analyse the Spanish translation. Finally, we draw some conclusions on the translation method used to render the Romanesco dialect, based on a comparison of some original and translated segments from the novel

    Circulación e intercambio en el poblamiento y la explotación de la alta montaña del Pirineo en los milenios V-IV ANE

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    Los datos arqueológicos que presentamos indican que las áreas de alta montaña del Pirineo axial fueron objeto de un proceso de ocupación y explotación económica continuada a lo largo del Neolítico. La reiterada ocupación de la Cueva del Sardo de Boí, situada a 1790 m de altitud, en el Parque Nacional de Aigüestortes i Estany de Sant Maurici, desde inicios del V hasta mediados del III milenio ANE, nos permite apoyar esta hipótesis. El estudio de los materiales líticos amortizados en el yacimiento parece indicar la existencia de patrones de movilidad regional de los grupos neolíticos pirenaicos, así como el contacto con otros grupos al exterior de la cordillera

    Eremidrilus montanensis Fend & Rodriguez 2020, n. sp.

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    <i>Eremidrilus montanensis</i> n. sp. <p>(Figures 5, 6, 11D)</p> <p> <b>Holotype.</b> USNM 1618764. One dissected worm, tail broken, mated (all spermathecae with sperm), with mature egg and well-developed clitellum, slide-mounted in Canada balsam.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> USA, Montana, Broadwater Co., Eureka Creek at Crow Creek, 14 Nov 1999, coll. D.L. Gustafson (Site 16, Table 1).</p> <p> <b>Paratypes.</b> All from the type locality, same collection data (Site 16). USNM 1618767, transverse histological sections, stained in hematoxylin and eosin. USNM 1618765–1618766, 1 dissected and 1 whole-mount. MNCN 16.03 /3113 and 16.03/3114, 1 dissected and 1 sagittally sectioned. All slide-mounted in Canada balsam.</p> <p> <b>Other material.</b> From type locality (Site 16), 14 Nov 1999, 2 whole mounts, 3 dissected, and 1 transversely sectioned. Site 15, 21 Nov 1997, 1 whole mount. Site 17, 14 Nov 1999, 1 dissected. All collected by D.L. Gustafson.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> Named for the State of Montana, location of the type locality.</p> <p> <b>Description</b> (based on specimens from the type locality). Length of preserved worms 17–26 mm; 61–91 segments; diameter in X 0.5–0.8 mm. Prostomium with proboscis, the latter 250 µm long in the single individual where complete, diameter 30–80 µm. Secondary segmentation from IV, weak in posterior segments (Fig. 5A). Chaetae two per bundle, with nodulus slightly distal (0.4–0.5 distance from tip) (Figs. 5B, 6A); in preclitellar ventral bundles length 142–218 µm, shorter in II (115–146 µm); in middle segments 162–226 µm, in posterior segments 142–232 µm; length of dorsal chaetae similar to ventrals. Male pores open on or slightly lateral to ventral chaetal lines (Figs. 5A,C, 6B), between chaetae and posterior septum (Fig. 5E); porophores absent or inconspicuous (Figs. 5C, 6B,C). Two pairs simple spermathecal pores in XI and XII, behind ventral chaetae, on the ventral chaetal line (Figs. 5D, 6F,G), the anterior pair about 2/3 distance from chaetae to posterior septum, the posterior pair very close to 12/13. Female pores on 11/12.</p> <p>Epidermis 12–26 µm thick in preclitellar segments, thinner (8-15 µm) in post-clitellar segments. Clitellum in X to XIV, clitellar epidermis somewhat thickened (20-35 µm), with glandular cells in specimens with mature eggs Pharyngeal glands in segments IV or V to VI (VII). First visible nephridium at 12/ 13 in most specimens, pore anterior to ventral chaetae; in posterior segments the duct may be slightly expanded (to about 30 µm) at the nephridiopore, forming a small vesicle.</p> <p>Paired testes in IX and X, ovaries in XI; sperm sacs extend anteriorly to VIII or more, posteriorly to XIII–XVII; egg sacs extend 1–2 segments beyond. Male funnels on 9/10 and 10/11, 110– 165 µm high. Two vasa deferentia per atrium, both 20–30 µm in diameter, and about 400–600 µm long. Posterior vasa deferentia loop back into XI; both anterior and posterior vasa join atrium at about the ental third of ampulla, running within atrial musculature and opening to atrial lumen near the apex (Figs. 5E,F, 6E). Atria entirely in X, 280–408 µm long, or 0.5–0.7 times body width at segment X; club-shaped, ampulla not clearly separated from the duct; duct narrows gradually towards pore. Maximum atrium diameter 73–89 µm; epithelial cells somewhat columnar, 7–19 µm high in ampulla (Fig. 6E); atrial lumen variable, to 25 µm. Atrial muscle layer 12–16 µm thick; all but a short ectal portion of atrium covered with a dense layer of short cells (11–16 µm high) beneath a thick layer (60–150 µm high) of densely packed, multicellular prostate glands that appear highly granular (Fig. 6 C–E). No obvious glands at the male pore (Fig. 6C).</p> <p>Spermathecal ampullae oval or sac-like, the first pair 360–530 µm long, the second pair about 2/3 the size of the first pair, each restricted to one segment, sometimes filling most of the segment. Ampullar epithelial layer not obviously glandular, mostly 9–15 µm thick, cells may be somewhat vacuolized near duct, up to 30 µm thick (Fig. 6G). Ectal ducts of spermathecae 80–160 long, sharply differentiated from ampulla, diameter 40–68 µm near ampulla, tapered to the pore (Figs. 5D,F, 6G,H); the ducts of the second pair as long as or slightly shorter than those of the first pair.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The species is distinguished from all other <i>Eremidrilus</i> species by the absence of a distinct male porophore. The club-shaped atria, with very large, dense prostate glands, and the thick epithelium and muscle layer are also distinctive. As in other congeners with two spermathecal segments, spermathecae open on the ventral chaetal lines, with the second pair posteriorly placed, close to intersegment 12/13. Unlike <i>E. artzaini</i> and <i>E. humboldti</i> <b>n. spp.</b>, spermathecal ducts are sharply distinguished from the ampulla. Although this is the only <i>Eremidrilus</i> species without a distinct male porophore, other characters such as the proboscis, the club-shaped, semiprosoporous atrium and the postatrial spermathecae support its attribution to the genus. A continuous layer of cells covering the atrial ampulla, basal to the prostate gland layer has been also observed in <i>E. elegans</i> and <i>E. coyote</i> Fend & Rodriguez, 2003 (Fend & Rodriguez 2003).</p>Published as part of <i>Fend, Steven & Rodriguez, Pilar, 2020, New Eremidrilus species (Clitellata: Lumbriculidae) from western North America Part 1, species with two spermathecal segments, pp. 111-131 in Zootaxa 4809 (1)</i> on pages 118-119, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4809.1.6, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/3933989">http://zenodo.org/record/3933989</a&gt

    Jacobus M. Ramirez, De hominis beatitudine. In I-II Summae theologiae divi Thomae commentaria (Qq. I-V). Editio praeparata a Victorino Rodriguez, o.p

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    Hissette Roland. Jacobus M. Ramirez, De hominis beatitudine. In I-II Summae theologiae divi Thomae commentaria (Qq. I-V). Editio praeparata a Victorino Rodriguez, o.p. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Quatrième série, tome 72, n°13, 1974. p. 200

    Jacobus M. Ramirez, De hominis beatitudine. In I-II Summae theologiae divi Thomae commentaria (Qq. I-V). Editio praeparata a Victorino Rodriguez, o.p

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    Hissette Roland. Jacobus M. Ramirez, De hominis beatitudine. In I-II Summae theologiae divi Thomae commentaria (Qq. I-V). Editio praeparata a Victorino Rodriguez, o.p. In: Revue Philosophique de Louvain. Quatrième série, tome 72, n°13, 1974. p. 200

    On the possibility of predicting glycaemia ‘on the fly’ with constrained IoT devices in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients

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    Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM1) patients are used to checking their blood glucose levels several times per day through finger sticks and, by subjectively handling this information, to try to predict their future glycaemia in order to choose a proper strategy to keep their glucose levels under control, in terms of insulin dosages and other factors. However, recent Internet of Things (IoT) devices and novel biosensors have allowed the continuous collection of the value of the glucose level by means of Continuous Glucose Monitoring (CGM) so that, with the proper Machine Learning (ML) algorithms, glucose evolution can be modeled, thus permitting a forecast of this variable. On the other hand, glycaemia dynamics require that such a model be user-centric and should be recalculated continuously in order to reflect the exact status of the patient, i.e., an 'on-the-fly' approach. In order to avoid, for example, the risk of being disconnected from the Internet, it would be ideal if this task could be performed locally in constrained devices like smartphones, but this would only be feasible if the execution times were fast enough. Therefore, in order to analyze if such a possibility is viable or not, an extensive, passive, CGM study has been carried out with 25 DM1 patients in order to build a solid dataset. Then, some well-known univariate algorithms have been executed in a desktop computer (as a reference) and two constrained devices: a smartphone and a Raspberry Pi, taking into account only past glycaemia data to forecast glucose levels. The results indicate that it is possible to forecast, in a smartphone, a 15-min horizon with a Root Mean Squared Error (RMSE) of 11.65 mg/dL in just 16.15 s, employing a 10-min sampling of the past 6 h of data and the Random Forest algorithm. With the Raspberry Pi, the computational effort increases to 56.49 s assuming the previously mentioned parameters, but this can be improved to 34.89 s if Support Vector Machines are applied, achieving in this case an RMSE of 19.90 mg/dL. Thus, this paper concludes that local on-the-fly forecasting of glycaemia would be affordable with constrained devices
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