58 research outputs found
The ideological and the dialogical
No full textHaye A, Carvacho H, Larraín A. The ideological and the dialogical. Journal für Psychologie. 2011;19(1).In this paper we follow researchers on ideology in that one way of dealing with this problem is by conceiving language as a common ground between the social and the psychological, and then we focus on Bakhtin's theory of discourse to show how language practices can be regarded as the locus of ideology. We will approach the Bakhtinian concepts of discourse and utterance, showing the ideological nature of language practices in three steps. First, because language practices consist of position-taking movements in a social field. Second, because these acts of discourse are evaluations, that is, value-laden positioning effort. And finally because any utterance involves a social background that roots the evaluative positioning movement in a history of language practices common among speaking subjects. Then we explore this third aspect in terms of the common social life that is discursively assumed in communication and thinking activity
Zombie pedagogies: the problems with using the undead in public pedagogies for emergencies
No full textDas aus der Kinowelt bekannte Genre des Zombie-Films hat in jüngster Zeit vor allem in den USA Einzug in Programme und Trainings im Rahmen von Katastrophenschutz und Notfallprävention gehalten. Der Autor untersucht die Implikationen des Transfers der Zombie-Metapher aus einem Segment des Hollywood-Entertainment in reale US-Militärpolitik, die die Bevölkerung auf mögliche katastrophische Großereignisse pädagogisch-unterhaltsam einstimmt und dabei, wie Preston zeigt, auf eine Art Enthumanisierung des Gegners hinwirkt. Der Beitrag zeigt die fatale Dialektik und die erschreckenden Züge einer post-ethischen Grundeinstellung: Diese erzeugt nicht nur eine scheinhafte, vermeintlich unbestreitbare Legitimität von Terrorabwehr, bei der zentrale zivilgesellschaftliche Errungenschaften über Bord geworfen werden. Unter der Hand lässt sie es obendran als akzeptabel erscheinen, bestimmten sozialen Gruppen so enthemmt zu begegnen, als ginge es darum, das eigene Leben gegen herandrängende Untote zu verteidigen. [Translation: The well-known Hollywood ‘zombie’ genre has recently begun to invade programs and training courses in disaster control and emergency prevention. The author explores the consequences of a transfer of an entertainment metaphor into real US military policies. Is it possible that this implies attuning the populace to catastrophies by means of edutainment? And does this, as Preston argues, in some ways ‘de-humanize’ one’s adversaries? The article points to a fatal dialectics and disturbing elements of a post-ethical disposition. This results not only in some sort of inevitable legitimation of the ‘war on terror’ leaving behind all tenets of civil society. It also permits, subcutaneously, to act without restrictions against certain groups as if they were ‘undeads’.
An ethnographic study of multidisciplinary collaboration: the role of psychological safety at a high secure forensic inpatient hospital in Germany
No full textThis author accepted manuscript is deposited under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) licence. This means that anyone may distribute, adapt, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes, subject to full attribution. If you wish to use this manuscript for commercial purposes, please contact [email protected]: This study aims to provide an in-depth understanding of staff perspectives of enablers and barriers to multidisciplinary team (MDT) collaboration and the role of psychological safety (PS) within a high secure forensic inpatient hospital. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative ethnographic design was adopted. Data were sourced for thematic analysis from 10 observations of treatment meetings, 13 in-depth interviews, and informal conversations among 49 professionals belonging to seven professions, between March 2017 and June 2018. Findings: Four central themes were discovered: a shared approach to care, informal relationships, leadership–power–hierarchy, and PS – influenced by all and influencing all. The absence of a shared approach to care, informal relationships, inclusive leadership, construction of meetings, perceived equality between professions, and feelings of belonging and value to the MDT exert the greatest influence on PS and MDT collaboration. Practical implications: Leaders and knowledgeable staff are advised to: - adopt an inclusive leadership style, - give meeting ownership and chairing to professions low in the hierarchy – design a multidisciplinary concept of treatment with informal relationships, and establish clear roles/responsibilities that enhance equality, value, and belonging to promote PS and diminish perceived power distance between professions. Originality/value: MDT collaboration that aims to socially construct knowledge and share information about patients through communication in meetings is not possible without first consciously creating a safe organisational culture and local context that enables staff to overcome the perceived power distance between professions.Unfunde
Ephemisms as communication vehicle in the Tiv language and literature
No full textThe beauty of Tiv language and literature is achieved when communication or discourse is laced with euphemistic expressions. Euphemisms aid in turning impolite utterances into polite ones. This study, therefore, investigates the communicative potentials of euphemisms in the Tiv language and literature. The study discusses formations of euphemisms, classifies euphemisms and explores the effects of euphemisms. Connotative theory of meaning has been deployed in this study because the interpretation of euphemisms is contextually and connotatively loaded. Methodologically, the author used primary and secondary materials. The author used a participant-observation tool for data collection. Being a native speaker of the Tiv language, the author collected, translated and classified euphemisms. Secondary materials were sourced from textbooks, journal articles, online sources and dictionaries. The following findings were made: euphemisms constitute phrasal or idiomatic synonyms; they beautify or spice our daily communication; they can becloud meanings. This study will benefit preachers, writers, lecturers/teachers, researchers, semanticists, public speakers, politicians and students
Personality disorder, treatment readiness and dropout from treatment in three community based cognitive skills and violence reduction programmes
No full textPurpose - This study investigated the relationship between personality disorder (PD) treatment readiness and dropout from three community based offending behaviour group programmes. Methodology - At the pre-programme stage measures of PD and treatment readiness were administered to 186 offenders participating in either a cognitive skills programme, a general violence programme or a programme for domestically abusive men. Demographic and risk data were also obtained from the Offender Assessment System (OASys). At a one year follow up, comparisons were made between the risk, personality and treatment readiness profiles of programme completers and noncompleters. Findings - It was hypothesized that PD would be associated with low levels of treatment readiness at the pre-group stage and that both low levels of treatment readiness and PD would predict subsequent programme non-completion. Only antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) was associated with low overall treatment readiness, although antisocial, paranoid, schizoid, negativistic and borderline traits were associated with the facet of low self-efficacy. Non-completion was not predicted by younger age or recidivism risk scores and was most strongly predicted by the presence of a Cluster A PD, as well as ASPD, low pre-group motivation and mixed race and white ethnicity. Research Implications - Paranoid and antisocial personality pathology present important obstacles to effective offending behaviour group work in the community. This illustrates that further consideration needs to be given to these important responsivity factors in future delivery and evaluation of these programmes. Originality/value - The study provides a detailed analysis of factors associated with non-completion of three community based OBPs in the UK. © 2017, Emerald Publishing Ltd. This is an author produced version of a paper published in The Journal of Forensic Practice, uploaded in accordance with the publisher’s self- archiving policy. The final published version (version of record) is available online at the link below. Some minor differences between this version and the final published version may remain. We suggest you refer to the final published version should you wish to cite from it
The impact of feminist theory and gender theory discourses on psychosocial work
No full textThis article is based on a so far unpublished cooperation of the author with Surur Abdul-Hussain on concepts of "mankind" in the feminist discourse and its implications on psychotherapy (Schigl & Abdul-Hussein in preparation). The following article focuses on the reciprocal influence between feminist and gender theories and different kinds of research and projects within the women's health movement. Therefore paradigms of feminist theories are presented in the first place (see Abdul Hussein in press, for more details). The author investigates how and where feminists' theoretical assumptions appear and are integrated in the psychosocial and clinical practice. Furthermore, it is demonstrated how the development of theories and spheres of activity interact in a valuable and interdependent way
Psychological Essentialism as Relevant Concept within Gender Studies
No full textPsychological essentialism is the concept, that an individual holds a specific assumption about the character of social categories, i.e. to possess category defining essence. The possible consistence of the essence, the measurement of the ascription, and some combinations of essentializers and essentialized people are described. After summarizing the so far studied antecedences and consequences, some possible entanglements with gender studies are listed. It seems relevant that essentializing affects the attribution of responsibility for disadvantages and that it elicits a fixing of characteristics. There are also new research questions, like how do cultural norms influence the separate dimensions of psychological essentialism. And how does the essentializing cement cultural concepts, like the construct of gender binary. Concluding, it is mentioned that also researchers run the risk of essentializing and that the author is advocating a context dependent and variable concept of essentializing
Reflections of a Critical Psychologist about the construction of professional self awareness
No full textThe author, who is working as a therapist, supervisor, and lecturer, focusses on four dimensions to explicate her professional self awareness in a post-modern society: 1. The relevance of Critical Psychology for her field of work, which she considers to be a given for the socially constituted subject. 2. The fragmented transfer of Critical Psychology to practical work. 3. The integration of Critical Psychology in her field of work, which she explains on a theoretical level by using theoretical concepts of Critical Psychology, as well as integrative counselling models. 4. She points out the meaning of communicative transmission between the cultures of thinking and the language of Critical Psychology and those of her clients as components of social interaction. Using a case example, the author points out how Critical Psychology can be used as an efficient part of an integrative counselling setting
Participatory research from the angle of empowerment-theory: Some critical reflections
No full textThis article focuses on the relation of research and praxis. In applying a community psychology perspective, the author tries to analyze contradictions in the participatory praxis of organizations and research projects. He argues for a combined approach which includes empowerment and participation. Two empirical examples shed light on the author's theoretical explications
Education demand elasticity in Ghana: Evidence from household level data
No full textEducation remains a key factor in human capital accumulation development. Owing to its impact on economic growth and individual welfare, government and household education finance have gained prominence in developing countries. This study seeks to explain the sensitivity of household education demand based on both school type and level owing to changes in household income and price of education, incorporating selected demographic factors in the analysis. To perform this demand analysis, the author adopted the extended version of the Quadratic Almost Ideal Demand System (QUIAIDS) and the 2016/17 Ghana Living Standard Survey 7. The result shows that education at each level is a normal good; the demand of which increases owing to a one percent increase in household education budget (income). Also, households are income elastic to demand general pre-tertiary education but price inelastic at each level of education. The results further show that public education has higher income elasticities than private education. The author also find that even though both school types are price inelastic, the quantity demanded of private education is more sensitive to change in education cost that public- education at all levels
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