91 research outputs found
Coated magnesium: Designed for sustainability?
No full textDesign for consumer products such as cars and electronics requires the selection and combination of various materials. At the end of the product life, the product has to be recycled back to materials suitable for manufacture of new products. To evaluate the sustainability of a material cycle metrics are necessary that quantify the impact of proudct design on product recyclability. In this thesis such a recycling metric was developed for coated magnesium. Its parameters are based on exergy and kinetic analysis. The metric and its parameters can be implemented in Design for Recycling optimization models to optimize recycling and the material cycle.Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineerin
Bijdrage tot de berekening van de spreidingsreactantie van transformatoren en van de krachten, welke op de wikkelingen van transformatoren werken
No full textApplied Science
From the ‘freedom of the streets’: a biographical study of culture and social change in the life and work of writer Jack Common (1903-1968)
No full textThe author assesses the life and work of the Newcastle upon Tyne born writer Jack Common in the light of the massive social, economic and cultural changes which have affected the North East of England and wider society through the period of Common's life and afterwards. He seeks to point out the relevance of Common to the present day in terms of his ideas about class, community and the individual and in the light of Common's sense of rebelliousness influenced by a process of grass-roots education and self-improvement. In addition, he draws upon his own extensive experience in community arts and education, looking, in particular, at the work he and others have carried out on Common over the last thirty years and assessing its value in the light of recent political changes. The author draws together the range of biographical and literary criticism carried out by a range of individuals over this period of time and brings into print hitherto unpublished material about Common's life and work by interviewing family members and associates, exploring the Common Archive at Newcastle University and other largely ignored sources, and studying Common's significant association with George Orwell in great detail. Through all of this, he seeks to argue that Common's life and ideas remain worthy of close attention in the present day
Pancreatitis agudas de hallazgo necrópsico: Revisión de 5.277 necropsias. Análisis de 59 casos
No full textCompleting a study dona by the author (CEM) in 1980 about acute pancreatitis, 5277 necropsies of the Hospital de Clínicas are reviewed, analyzing 59 cases of pancreatitis.Complementando un trabajo del autor (C.E.M.) de 1980, sobre pancreatitis agudas, se revisan 5277 necropsias del Hospital de Clínicas, analizándose 59 casos de pancreatitis
Towards Sustainable Urban Water Management in Brazil
No full textThe ongoing increase of imperviousness in urban areas and the increase of heavy storm events trigger the urge for more sustainable urban water systems to combat flooding in Brazil. In developed countries source control measures have been developed to combat the negative impact of these two factors and more sustainable urban water systems are developed. In developing countries, however, this is not the case. Most solutions in developing countries still focus on end-of-pipe measures. Rapid urbanization during the last decades, without adequate urban planning, has resulted in severe hydrologic and environmental impacts in Brazilian cities. This has already led to drought and flooding problems. Continuing this developing pattern, by increasing the imperviousness in urban areas, as well as expanding cities by low-density developments, will lead to exacerbation of these problems and does not lead to a sustainable water system. The sanitary philosophy, by which urban drainage systems are based on the concept of draining the water from urban surfaces as quickly as possible, is still much applied in Brazil. Canalization of urban streams, clandestine urban flood plain occupation, a lack of environmental awareness, a large sediment production and a large amount of solid waste disposal into the drainage system have lead to a systematic degradation process of urban streams. The triplet applied in The Netherlands of first retaining, then storing and ultimately discharging of stormwater contributes to a more stable urban drainage system. Measures like bioretention cells, infiltration trenches, green roofs and micro-reservoirs are getting more and more common practice in drainage systems in developed countries. Through a case study in a 6 km2 urban catchment (part of the Arroio da Areia catchment) in the city of Porto Alegre, the influence of different drainage approaches on the runoff is assessed. The catchment is modelled with the SWMM5 stormwater model, applying the kinematic wave approach. By modelling the current drainage system the bottlenecks are identified. In the current situation flooding occurs in 14 of the 31 nodes when modelled by a 10-year return period storm. The total flooding volume accounts up to almost 30,000 m3. The construction costs of the current macro drainage system are estimated at R$ 14.3 M. The objective of this case study is to present and assess alternative drainage approaches to combat these flooding problems and to present recommendations for future developments. It is shown that enlargement of the conduit diameters in the current drainage system layout to combat flooding is almost 2 times more expensive than solving the flooding problem by implanting detention basins or by adopting low impact development. It is also shown that the peak runoff produced by enlargement of the current drainage system is between 1.5 to 2 times higher than the peak runoff generated in case detention ponds or low impact development is adopted. It is concluded that by continuing development in the conventional way, by accelerating discharge of runoff and building low-density neighbourhoods, costs for society as well as the impact on the environment and on the liveability in the city are redundantly high. It is recommended that low impact development demonstration projects should be developed to build capacity among urban water and drainage professionals, in municipal departments as well as among companies active in the sector, and to increase awareness about the environment among the population.Transport & PlanningCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Maashaven Bridge
No full textThe Maashaven Bridge unlocks the potential of Maashaven - utilizing the factor of an iconic intervention, the harbor transformation process is kick-started and a previously industrial waterfront redevelops the urban identity of the harbor and Rotterdam South to a lively urban environment. The floating structure addresses the needs of the adjacent districts by providing public functions along the crossing of the harbor as well as tackles the issues caused by the ever changing climate and the rising sea level.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
The Living City: Migration of the Garden City
No full textThe Living City combines social housing with an algae research institute and additional public functions in one complex, and is made completely circular and self-sufficient with the use of algae. The project reacts on the migrated and evolved Garden Suburbs within the site of the assignment and the expanding high-rise district Zuidplein. It aims to strengthen the character of the existing and what is left from the Garden City design, while at the same time reacting to the future needs of the city. The green urban design concept of the Garden City will be translated into a green architectural design by using algae. Algae is a relatively underdeveloped type of greenery within the field of architecture, but has an immense potential to become the pioneer in climate proof and circular building. Through experimental exploring, the algae lab of the Living City tests new sustainable initiatives and products, applicable for architectural design. Eventually, the gained research and knowledge will be applied into the ecological restoration of Rotterdam. The public algae park that runs through the building gives an insight in the algae-innovations that are made. It explains the visitors of the park how the building system works and brings them in connection with algae-architecture in the built environment.While densifying the area, the project reuses the existing context and maintains the historical character of the Garden Suburbs and the complementing architecture of the Amsterdamse School. The vacant school complex on the site will become part of the project and is brought back to life with 55 housing units that fit inside the old classrooms. To create a flow in the existing rental housing market, the project provides three types of housing: two classes of social housing and one class of medium rent housing. The housing is a one of a kind project where all the benefits of the algae-architecture are experienced. Living in a green and healthy building with a strong social structure is the main goal of the residential part of the project. The shared green spaces aim to bring the residents in touch with each other resulting in a social network inside the complex. The ambition to provide big green spaces for all residents inside city centres is one of the main features of the housing complex. The translation into an architectural design is made with a large algae-canopy structure with algae-panels on top, which is the main element of the climate design and forms the eyecatcher. The panels are closed bioreactors that produce algae biomass. The biomass is transported to the technical rooms of the research institute, where the heat is taken out. The biomass is further transported and burned to produce energy. The open algae raceway ponds are used to clean air and water. In total, the algae ponds can reduce 6 ton/year of CO2 in the air. The complete building aims to be self-sufficient and independent from other sources. This futuristic system is an innovative way in sustainable architecture that aims for a futureproof circular city.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Complex Project
Mycomorphosis: Access to Tools for Urban Waste Flows
No full textThe migration of ideas implies the movement of ideas, thoughts, philosophy, knowledge, or other non-physical conditions from one space and/or time to another, where they are activated and manifested. As a result, this may purposefully or accidentally effect other existing conditions in a different setting, thereby giving birth to new ideas or phenomena. The thesis aims to investigate in particular the migration of mycoremediation, the method of environment decontamination through the biological properties of mycelium. The project speculates on the emergence of the mycelium industry as an autonomous mode of production within a circular economy for the Maashaven commons in the year of 2050, while investigating the utilisation of mycoremediation technology asan apparatus for confrontation against current sitespecific environmental issues such as water and air pollution, and urban waste flows. Furthermore, the research aims to explore how digitisation and mechanisation in urban agriculture and waste management are manifested within Rotterdam, while seeking to unveil human’s relationships with water in an urban context.Hotel New YorkArchitecture, Urbanism and Building Science
Recycling light metals: Optimal thermal de-coating
No full textThermal de-coating of painted and lacquered scrap is one of the new innovations developed for aluminum recycling. If implemented in all recycling and optimized as suggested in this article, recovery would be improved with considerable economic impact. Generally, contaminated scrap is difficult to recycle. Direct re-melting of coated scrap results in the generation of gaseous emissions, with increased metal oxidation, contamination, and salt flux usage. By thermal de-coating of the scrap these problems are avoided. Thermal de-coating followed by remelting of aluminum scrap is now common practice, while painted magnesium scrap is not currently de-coated and recycled. This article presents observations during heating of the contaminated light metals together with the mass loss, evolved gases, and residue after de-coating in order to give a general description of the de-coating process. It is argued that the main behavior during de-coating may be described as two distinct regimes—scission and combustion—regardless of metal substrate and coating. Monitoring the combustion regime should assure optimum de-coating.Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
A Fundamental Metric for Metal Recycling Applied to Coated Magnesium
No full textA fundamental metric for the assessment of the recyclability and, hence, the sustainability of coated magnesium scrap is presented; this metric combines kinetics and thermodynamics. The recycling process, consisting of thermal decoating and remelting, was studied by thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis (TG/DTA) experiments and thermodynamic simulations. Decoating phenomena are interpreted using kinetic analysis, applying existing reaction models. The derived kinetic model parameters ln A and E a /(RT p ) are used to characterize the decoating process. The impact of inorganic coating components on remelting is quantified using exergy. Oxidation and entrapment losses, quality losses, and material resource depletion caused by the inorganic components are expressed in exergy units and combined into the single parameter . Based on the results, the coating characteristics favorable for recycling are derived. The obtained metric is a three-dimensional (3–D) combination of ln A, E a /(RT p ), and , which represent the decoating velocity, the ease of decoating, and the impact of coating materials on the remelting process, respectively. The metric, therefore, directly links coating characteristics, coating design, and product design with process technology and recyclability, enabling the ranking of coating alternatives in terms of their respective recyclability. Therefore, the key idea of this article is to use fundamental metallurgical theory to express the recyclability of postconsumer scrap in a unique combination of parameters. This should pave the way for ranking the sustainability of different materials.Mechanical, Maritime and Materials Engineerin
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