50 research outputs found
Preliminary evaluation of purified lignin and hemicellulose as prebiotics candidates for Atlantic Salmon, Salmo salar L
No full textDevelopment and Scaling of Sustainable Feeds for Resilient Aquatic Food Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (FASA) Annual Workshop Report
No full textThe purpose of the 2022 Annual workshop of the project “Development and Scaling of Sustainable Feeds
for Resilient Aquatic Food Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa (FASA)” was to bring together project partners
to meet in person, discuss the overall project goal and the specific project activities in each country, and
conduct the 2023 annual planning for the FASA project
Interactions entre la biotine et l'avidine dans la nutrition du poisson zèbre Danio rerio (HAMILTON-BUCHANAN)
No full textLe poisson zèbre Danio rerio a été utilisé dans cette étude comme organisme modèle, dans un projet visant à développer une méthode de confinement biologique des poissons d'élevage fondée sur les interactions entre la biotine et l'avidine. Les objectifs de cette thèse étaient de i) estimer les besoins en biotine chez le poisson zèbre; ii) étudier les effets d'une complémentation en biotine et en avidine sur la croissance, la survie, la conversion des aliments, le statut de la biotine et l'expression des gènes chez le poisson zèbre; iii) évaluer la contribution de la microflore intestinale dans l'approvisionnement en biotine chez le poisson zèbre; et iv) évaluer les effets de la biotine sur la reproduction du poisson zèbre. La première étude de cette thèse a démontré que la biotine est essentielle pour la croissance du poisson zèbre et que le niveau de biotine à inclure dans l'aliment pour une croissance maximale est de 0,51 mg kg-1 d'aliment. La seconde étude a confirmé le caractère essentiel de la biotine pour ce poisson, tel que démontré précédemment. Elle a aussi révélé que l’alimentation du poisson zèbre avec une ration contenant 60 fois plus d'avidine que le niveau requis de biotine induit des signes de carence en biotine. La troisième étude a suggéré que la synthèse microbienne intestinale est une source significative de biotine chez le poisson zèbre. Les poissons nourris avec la ration contenant un antibiotique (1% succinylsulfathiazole, masse/masse) ont présenté une croissance, une condition générale, des teneurs en biotine totale du corps, une survie et une utilisation des aliments moindres que ceux nourris avec les rations ne contenant pas d'antibiotique. Les résultats de la quatrième étude ont démontré que les mâles carencés en biotine présentent un faible indice gonado-somatique et de faibles qualité et quantité du sperme, tandis que les femelles carencées en biotine ont une faible fertilité. Les résultats de cette thèse ont fourni des informations de base pour la compréhension des interactions entre la biotine et l'avidine alimentaires chez le poisson zèbre. Ces données pourront servir à développer des stratégies de confinement biologique en utilisant ces interactions.Zebrafish Danio rerio was used as model organism in the first step of a project aiming at developing a biological confinement method of farmed fish based on the interactions between biotin and avidin. The objectives of this thesis were i) to estimate the dietary biotin requirements of zebrafish; ii) to study the effects of dietary biotin and avidin on growth, survival, feed conversion, biotin status and gene expression in zebrafish; iii) to assess the contribution of the intestinal microflora to biotin supply in zebrafish, and iv) to investigate the effects of biotin on zebrafish reproduction. The first study of this thesis has demonstrated that biotin is essential for zebrafish growth and that the optimum dietary biotin requirement for maximal growth is 0.51 mg kg-1 diet. The second study confirmed the essentiality of biotin for zebrafish growth found in the first study. This study also revealed that feeding zebrafish a diet containing avidin in 60-fold excess of biotin requirement induces biotin deficiency signs in zebrafish such as retarded growth, high mortality, low condition factor, and decreased steady-state level of acetyl CoA carboxylase-A (acca) transcripts in the liver. The third study suggested that intestinal microbial synthesis is a significant source of biotin to zebrafish. Fish fed the antibiotic-supplemented diet (1% succinylsulfathiazole, mass/mass) showed lower growth, health condition, whole-body biotin content, survival and feed utilization than fish fed the biotin unsupplemented and biotin supplemented diets. The results of the fourth study demonstrated that dietary biotin affect both male and female reproductive performances; the biotin-deficient male showed lower gonadosomatic index as well as lower sperm quality and quantity, while biotin-deficient female showed reduced fertility. The results of this thesis constitute a baseline in the understanding of the interactions between dietary biotin and avidin in zebrafish nutrition on the one hand, and in the potential use of these interactions in order to develop a biological confinement strategy of farmed fish on the other hand
Misuse of multiple comparison tests and underuse of contrast procedures in aquaculture publications
No full textIn aquaculture research, independent variables are qualitative (with or without a structure), quantitative, or factorial combinations. A qualitative independent variable is a variable that has unquantifiable, nominal variants (levels), which represent different categories such as the fish gender. The structure in a qualitative independent variable refers to the existence of a relation between its different variants, in a way that suggests that some variants can be grouped together and then compared to other groups of variants. A quantitative independent variable is a variable with measurable variants that are expressed numerically and are fixed throughout the experiment, such as water temperatures. In a study with one independent variable, each variant of this variable represents a treatment. In a study with two or more independent variables, also called a factorial or multifactorial experiment, the treatments represent all the possible combinations of the two or more independent variables. Following an analysis of variance (ANOVA) (or a multiple factor ANOVA) showing that there is a significant difference among the three or more treatment means, a multiple comparison test, an orthogonal contrast procedure, or a polynomial contrast procedure is applied to separate or present the relationship among the treatment means, in accordance with the nature and structure of the independent variable. The use of multiple comparison tests such as Least Significant Difference, Duncan's Multiple Range, Tukey's Honest Significant Difference, Bonferroni and Scheffé's tests, is more relevant when there is no structure in the qualitative independent variable; otherwise the use of the orthogonal contrast procedure, which allows the comparison of related treatment means or groups of means to other treatment means, is more appropriate. The orthogonal contrast procedure is also appropriate for factorial experiments. With quantitative independent variables, the use of polynomial procedure, which detects the trend of the relationship or regression that exists between the independent and response variables, is appropriate. The present paper critically analyzed the statistical methods used in articles published in ten selected international peer-reviewed aquaculture journals in the year 2013. This analysis showed that in none of the studies in which the independent variable was qualitative with a structure, the data have been analyzed using orthogonal contrast procedure. Also, the data of only 34% of the studies in which the independent variable was quantitative have been analyzed using polynomial contrast (regression), whereas the data of only 13% of studies with a factorial design have been analyzed using contrast procedure. More attention should be paid on publishing only studies that used appropriate statistical procedures, which conform to the nature of the independent variables of interest
Corrigendum to “Revaluating the dietary methionine requirements in an improved strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)” [Heliyon 9 (3), (March 2023) Article e14376]
No full textPreliminary evaluation of purified lignin and hemicellulose as prebiotics candidates for Atlantic Salmon, <i>Salmo salar</i> L.
No full textAssessment of socioeconomic and ecological impacts on integrated rice cultivation in Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis
No full textIntegrated rice-fish (RF) is seen as a valuable system to increase food production and farmers’ income in Africa. To date, no research has been conducted to comparatively assess integrated RF, rice, and fish monoculture systems in Africa. This study aimed to evaluate the agronomic and economic performances and identify constraints and enabling conditions for large-scale adoption of RF systems in Africa. Systematic review and meta-analysis were performed using papers collected from January 1999 to December 2023 and 30 pair-observations. The results showed a significant effect on FGR (+6%) in integrated RF compared to fish monoculture. The production cost increased by 300 USD/ha in integrated RF, but the gross revenue increased by more than 600 USD/ha resulting in an increase in net income by 300 USD/ha compared to rice monoculture. NUE, soil properties, and control of weeds, pests, and diseases were enhanced in the integrated RF compared to rice monoculture. Land ownership, water supply unreliability, access to fish feed and fingerlings, and lack of funding were the major factors limiting integrated RF adoption by farmers. Due to the limited data identified in this study, more field observations and long-term monitoring are necessary on land suitability and management practices for integrated RF
Apparent digestibility coefficients of local palm kernel cakes, rice bran, maize bran and sago flour in the GIFT strain of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)
No full textAn experiment was conducted to estimate the apparent digestibility coefficients (ADC) of macronutrients and energy of local palm kernel cakes, rice bran, maize bran and sago flour in Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus (average initial body weight of 30.49 ± 0.38 g). A reference (basal) diet was formulated to contain 33% crude protein, 7% crude fat and 390 Kcal/100 g diet, all on a dry matter basis. The acid-insoluble ash was used in all the diets as the digestibility marker. The experiment lasted 37 days, including a growth phase of 28 days followed by a feces collection phase of 9 days. The results showed that the ADCs of dry matter, crude protein, crude lipid, ash, crude fiber, total carbohydrate and gross energy were 79.74%, 83.53%, 78.79%, 83.84%, 75.53%, 78.20% and 79.25% for the conventional palm kernel cake, 46.36%, 34.59%, 47.89%, 34.94%, 60.35%, 51.69% and 47.96% for refined palm kernel cake, 58.67%, 51.00%, 65.10%, 60.39%, 63.59%, 59.44% and 60.50% for rice bran, 79.24%, 94.03%, 80.34%, 99.69%, 83.83%, 76.85% and 78.61% for maize bran, and 33.74%, negative value, negative value, negative value, 8.49%, 47.65% and 35.96% for sago flour in tilapia, respectively. The present study generated original information on the digestibility of nutrients contained in these local foodstuffs, which represents a baseline, original information that could be used to formulate least-cost local feeds. However, to account for the changes in the nutrient content of these local associated with seasonality, plant variety and improvement in ingredient processing on the quality of the ingredients available on local markets, it would be interesting to collect additional samples, several times a year and run similar digestibility experiments on a regular basis, in order to have a comprehensive database that could be used by local feed miller to manufacture feed for small fish farm holders
Ingredient database for the formulation of sustainable, local fish feeds
No full textThis database is the result of the ingredients scoping conducted in six countries (Zambia, Nigeria, Egypt, Bangladesh, Myanmar and Malaysia) and the subsequent digestibility experiments conducted on 15 ingredients at WorldFish HQ in Penang Malaysia. Of the 15 ingredients studied, the data screening allow to keep only 13 local, sustainable ingredients in this database, namely the whole black soldier larvae meal, rubber seed meal, azolla meal, sweet potato peel , cassava peel HQ (High Quality from ILRI-IITA), conventional cassava peel , palm kernel cake conventional, palm kernel cake refined, sago flour, banana peel, cocoa husk , coconut (Copra) waste and sugarcane bagasse. The data contained in this ingredient database have been integrated in the FeedCalculator App (https://drive.google.com/file/d/11kT7ADhoDFgGZGjW_F9SFX7Xay3EP2I4/view?usp=sharing); this App is Open Access and be used directly by the farmers to formulate local feeds containing the ingredients listed above
Gender equality and social inclusion (GESI) assessment: Zambia, Nigeria and Kenya
No full textThe Development and Scaling of Sustainable Feeds for Resilient Aquatic Food Systems in Sub-Saharan Africa
(FASA) project is an initiative funded by the Norwegian Agency for Development Cooperation (Norad).
It operates in Nigeria, Zambia and Kenya, with research support from Malaysia and Sweden. Includovate
spearheads the gender and social inclusion work under the guidance of the WorldFish project leader based
in Malaysia. The primary goal is to lead gender and social inclusion (GESI) efforts within the FASA project,
aiming to conduct comprehensive gender and social assessments and identify opportunities to advance
GESI objectives set by Norad, WorldFish and other key stakeholders within the innovative feed landscape.
To conduct this GESI assessment, the project used the Automated Directive Services (ADS 205) domains of
the United States Agency for International Development, focusing on identifying key GESI-related issues
and constraints. Emphasis was placed on understanding how proposed interventions would impact various
social groups, including women, men, youths and other marginalized communities. The assessment
involved a meticulous desk-based policy review of the legal frameworks governing the fisheries sector in
Nigeria, Zambia and Kenya, analyzing existing laws, policies and regulations related to fisheries resource
management, including aquaculture, from a gender perspective. This review was followed by primary
data collection, employing a mixed research approach involving 28 key informant interviews (KIIs) and 420
survey responses across the three countries
