185 research outputs found
America’s Battle for Media Democracy: The Triumph of Corporate Libertarianism and the Future of Media Reform
No full textThis contribution is a recording of the CAMRI research seminar held at the University of Westminster on November 19, 2014, in which Victor Pickard presented his book "America’s Battle for Media Democracy: The Triumph of Corporate Libertarianism and the Future of Media Reform": http://www.cambridge.org/gb/academic/subjects/politics-international-relations/american-government-politics-and-policy/americas-battle-media-democracy-triumph-corporate-libertarianism-and-future-media-reform
Why do American media have so few public interest regulations? How did the American media system become dominated by a few corporations, and why are structural problems like market failures routinely avoided in media policy discourse?
By tracing the answers to many of these questions back to media policy battles in the 1940s, Victor Pickard explains how this happened and why it matters today. Drawing from extensive archival research, the book uncovers the American media system’s historical roots and normative foundations. His book charts the rise and fall of a forgotten media reform movement to recover alternatives and paths not taken. As much about the present and future as it is about the past, the book proposes policies for remaking media based on democratic values for the digital age.
Victor Pickard is an assistant professor at the Annenberg School for Communication at the University of Pennsylvania. Previously he taught media studies at NYU and the University of Virginia, and he worked on media policy in Washington, D.C. as a Senior Research Fellow at the media reform organization Free Press, the public policy think tank the New America Foundation, and Congresswoman Diane Watson’s office.
He has published numerous journal articles and book chapters on the history and political economy of media institutions and media reform activism. His op-eds on media policy debates and the future of journalism have appeared in news outlets like The Guardian, The Seattle Times, The Huffington Post, and The Philadelphia Inquirer. He is the editor (with Robert McChesney) of Will the Last Reporter Please Turn out the Lights, and the author of America’s Battle for Media Democracy. He tweets at @VWPickard
Adult literacy learners in contemporary context: "education debt," unpaid
No full textThe publicly-funded adult literacy system constitutes the largest network of available adult basic education (ABE) programs (Beder, 1991). However, since the 1998 Workforce Investment Act (WIA) instituted accountability measures related to ABE students’ standardized test performance and their rapid acquisition of jobs, researchers and practitioners have been concerned that programs were implicitly being forced to limit program access for adults who have difficulty with reading, among whom students of color are disproportionately concentrated (Beder, 1999; Comings, 2007; Condelli, 2007; Pickard, 2016). With the 2014 Workforce Innovation and Opportunity Act’s added emphasis on rapid transition of adult literacy students into post-secondary education, this concern has intensified (Pickard, 2016). This ethnographic study explored the experiences of learners enrolled in a publicly-funded ABE class targeted to adults who have difficulty reading and examined the relationship between the federal policies that fund and regulate adult literacy programs and these learners’ classroom experiences. Findings include that learners in this class encountered significant barriers of access to public literacy programs, were exposed to deficit-based programmatic practices that possibly worsened their educational marginalization, and had their cultural and personal strengths largely ignored during classroom instruction. Furthermore, it was observed that the pressures of federal accountability policy activated or deepened these practitioners’ deficit beliefs about learners. Critical race theory (CRT) methodology (Solórzano & Yosso, 2002) was used to construct counter-stories that focus on learners’ strengths and to imagine opportunities for adult literacy instruction that are grounded in learner assets, rather than driven by deficit beliefs. Ladson-Billings (2006) argued that there is an “education debt” owed to racially minoritized students in the U.S., rooted in the highly discriminatory “historical, economic, sociopolitical, and moral decisions and policies” (p.5) that shape our society and our educational systems. Similarly, the literacy issues of adults who have difficulty reading have been influenced by a multitude of complex, interwoven sociopolitical and educational factors. This study found that participation in a publicly-funded adult literacy class left the education debt owed to these learners largely unpaid.Ph.D.Includes bibliographical referencesby Amy Pickar
Clear interests and clouded future : force structure and strategy options for the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN)
No full textThesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Political Science, 2007.Includes bibliographical references (leaves 115-121).As China's participation in the global economy continues to expand, its increasing reliance on imported resources and overseas trade has exerted pressure on China to safeguard its growing maritime economic and political interests. Although Chinese national interests are well understood, there is no clear consensus regarding the long-term orientation or intended goals of China's modernizing military. By examining how sea power theory, maritime interests, economic and political constraints, and military/naval doctrine may influence China's naval force structure and maritime strategy, the author seeks to answer whether it is possible to deduce the most probable future roles of the People's Liberation Army Navy (PLAN). This paper suggest the answer is yes and identifies three force structure and maritime strategy models that the PLAN may utilize to support China's expanding global and maritime interests. The author posits that the PLAN will continue to make quantitative and qualitative improvements, but due primarily to fiscal and technological constraints, China will not directly challenge the United States by matching its extensive multiple mission naval force structure. The PLAN is still in a nascent stage of development and already has many of the pieces in place to proceed toward each model presented, but China must make choices that require it to develop the PLAN in conjunction with specific and elaborated maritime strategies or risk being a "jack-of-all-trades and a master of none." The PLAN will therefore develop either as 1) a "Unification" Navy, maximizing coercive pressure on Taiwan by focusing on regional anti-access strategies; 2) an "Influence Projection" Navy, capable of a wide range of operations, but not with a capability nearing a U.S. carrier strike group; or 3) a "Global/Hemispheric Sea Denial"(cont.) Navy, designed around a fleet of ultra-quiet nuclear attack submarines, designed to deter a major naval power from dominating China's vital sea lines of communication. Although there is considerable variation in opinion and analysis as to the exact direction of China's grand strategy, the author identifies these models as the most logical force structure and maritime strategies that China might pursue in support of its maritime interests.by Kevin Pickard, Jr.S.M
Land use and forest cover change in the Crowsnest Pass to 1945
No full textBibliography: p. 202-219.This title is not available online. Access options are:
- consulting the copy from Archives in our reading room in person - https://asc.ucalgary.ca/visiting/
- borrowing a circulating copy from the Library catalogue – https://ucalgary.primo.exlibrisgroup.com/discovery/search?vid=01UCALG_INST:UCALGARY&lang=e
Textual Studies in Canada 9 Spring 1997
No full textCopublished by: Textual Studies in Canada.
Papers from a conference held in Edmonton, Oct. 13-15, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
"As a re-evaluation of regionalism in Canadian and American writing. A Sense of Place provides a comparative approach to the issue within a continental framework." "The contributors to this collection - including Frank Davey, Marjorie Pryse, and Jonathan Hart - look at a broad range of writers. They explore regionalism on both sides of the border in light of the central political, cultural, literary, and theoretical debates of our times."--BOOK JACKET
CONTENTS - Introduction: Regionalism Revisited / Herb Wyile, Christian Riegel and Karen Overbye -- Toward the Ends of Regionalism / Frank Davey -- Writing Out of the Gap: Regionalism, Resistance, and Relational Reading / Marjorie Pryse -- "Regionalist" Fiction and the Problem of Cultural Knowledge / David Martin -- Reassessing Prairie Realism / Alison Calder -- West of "Woman," Or, Where No Man Has Gone Before: Geofeminism in Aritha Van Herk / W. M. Verhoeven -- Is Newfoundland Inside that T. V.?: Regionalism, Postmodernism, and Wayne Johnston's Human Amusements / Jeanette Lynes -- Magic Environmentalism: Writing/Logging (in) British Columbia / Richard Pickard -- Afterword: Sense of Place: A Response to Regionalism / Jonathan Hart.Peer reviewedCanadian literatur
Textual Studies in Canada 9 Spring 1997
No full textCopublished by: Textual Studies in Canada.
Papers from a conference held in Edmonton, Oct. 13-15, 1995.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
"As a re-evaluation of regionalism in Canadian and American writing. A Sense of Place provides a comparative approach to the issue within a continental framework." "The contributors to this collection - including Frank Davey, Marjorie Pryse, and Jonathan Hart - look at a broad range of writers. They explore regionalism on both sides of the border in light of the central political, cultural, literary, and theoretical debates of our times."--BOOK JACKET
CONTENTS - Introduction: Regionalism Revisited / Herb Wyile, Christian Riegel and Karen Overbye -- Toward the Ends of Regionalism / Frank Davey -- Writing Out of the Gap: Regionalism, Resistance, and Relational Reading / Marjorie Pryse -- "Regionalist" Fiction and the Problem of Cultural Knowledge / David Martin -- Reassessing Prairie Realism / Alison Calder -- West of "Woman," Or, Where No Man Has Gone Before: Geofeminism in Aritha Van Herk / W. M. Verhoeven -- Is Newfoundland Inside that T. V.?: Regionalism, Postmodernism, and Wayne Johnston's Human Amusements / Jeanette Lynes -- Magic Environmentalism: Writing/Logging (in) British Columbia / Richard Pickard -- Afterword: Sense of Place: A Response to Regionalism / Jonathan Hart.Peer reviewedCanadian literatur
Replacement of Cakile edentula with Cakile maritima in New South Wales and on Lord Howe Island
No full textTwo species of Cakile (Brassicaceae) have been introduced to Australia and the genus has been a common feature on the beaches of NSW for over 130 years; Cakile edentula has been present for at least 148 years (in NSW since about 1870), while Cakile maritima arrived approximately 114 years ago, (in NSW since about 1969). Collections at CANB and NSW confirm that since around 1970 plants more like Cakile maritima have almost entirely replaced Cakile edentula along the NSW coast. A similar phenomenon is reported for Lord Howe Island
Repatriation : factors related to individuals' expectations of international assignments
No full textThis thesis is
concerned with understanding the expectations that corporate
employees form
about the work- and career-related outcomes of an
international assignment.
Such
expectations are
frequently
cited as
being "unreasonable"
and a major
source of problems
in the repatriation and reintegration of
international
returnees.
There is, however,
a
lack of research evidence to indicate when
these expectations form, how they change with time, or what
factors influence
their formation.
The research takes a
UK
perspective in
view of the comparatively low levels
of
research into British international assignees
in
general and their motivations
and expectations in
particular.
The
author
believes this to be the first
study devoted
exclusively to the
expectations of
international assignees.
The
main stage of this research comprised of a postal survey to collect
information about
international assignees, about their work-related and career-
related expectations, and about a number of
factors
which might prove to be
precursors or predictors of expectations.
Data
were captured
from
a
comparatively
homogeneous
population comprising
British employees of
profit-making companies.
The
main contribution of this thesis is
an
increase in
our understanding of the
work-related and career-related expectations that corporate employees
form
when assigned overseas.
In
particular, the thesis increases our
knowledge
of
when these expectations
form; how they vary with time; and what personal
characteristics, actions taken by the employing organisation, and
characteristics of the assignment
itself
affect those expectations
during the
course of an
international assignment.
A secondary contribution of this thesis is to identify
a number of classes or
categories of assignment that appear to be intrinsically associated with
different types and degrees
of expectation
Tetragnatha tenuissima O. Pickard-Cambridge 1889
No full textTetragnatha tenuissima O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889 (Figs 12–15; Map 3) Tetragnatha tenuissima O. Pickard-Cambridge, 1889: 9, pl. 3, fig. 1, 2 (♂ ♀). Tetragnatha filiformis Taczanowski, 1872: 111 (♂ ♀; preoccupied by Audouin, 1826 sub Eugnatha). Tetragnatha filiformata Roewer, 1942: 989 (replacement name) syn. nov. Type material. Tetragnatha tenuissima: GUATEMALA: ♂ ♀ syntypes, Coban, Tamahu (NHM), examined. Tetragnatha filiformata: FRENCH GUYANA: 2♂, 7♀, 11 immature syntypes, Cayenne (MIZ 225510, MIZ 225510– 225516, MIZ 225511–225516, MIZ 225517–225523), examined; BRAZIL: 2♂, 3♀, 1 immature syntypes, Amapá, Uaçá [Uassa, under French Guyana] (MIZ 225524–225529), loaned and examined. Material examined. ARGENTINA, Misiones: Iguazú Falls, XI.1954, B. C. Schiapelli leg., 1 ♂ (MACN 39612 ex MACN 24256); BRAZIL, Bahia: Lagoinha: O. Leonardos, 1 ♀, 1 immature (MNRJ 53948); Espírito Santo: Santa Tereza: Estação Biológica de Santa Lúcia, 11–12.V.2005, A. Giupponi et al. leg., 1 ♀ (MNRJ 06922); Sooretama: REBIO Sooretama (Córrego Quirininho), 01.V.2009, F. F. F. Moreira leg., 1 ♀ (UFRJ 0192); Mato Grosso: Chapada dos Guimarães: 20–29.vii.2000, C. Strüssman leg., 2 ♂ (MCTP 43338 ex 11314); Xingu river, H. Leon- ardos leg., 2 ♀ (MNRJ 02595 ex 01177); Pará: Rio Cuminá, G. Cruls leg., 1 ♀ (MNRJ 410); idem, 1 ♀ (MNRJ 14170); Jacareacanga: Flona do Crepori, 6°08’56.9’’S, 57°14’45.96’’W, 25.X.2009, E. G. S. Cafofo leg., 1 ♂ (MPEG 031347); Melgaço: Estação Ecológica Ferreira Penna, Flona de Caxiuanã, 01°44’22.7”S, 51°27’22.2’W, 30.IX.2005, C. B. Lopes leg., 1 ♂ (MPEG 031345); Piauí: Castelo do Piauí: ECB Rochas Ornamentais LTDA, Fazenda Bonito, 05°13’50.8’’S, 41°42’1.1’’W, L. S. Carvalho leg., 2 ♂ (MPEG 031349); idem, 1 ♂, 1 immature (MPEG 031350); Paraná: Morretes: Serra da Graciosa, 09–20.I.1995, 1 ♂, 2 ♀ (MCTP 6944); Rio Negro: 1 immature (MNRJ 52283); Rio de Janeiro: Cachoeiras de Macacu: Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu, Lagoa, 02.IX.2017, H. Schinelli leg., 1 ♀ (UFRJ 1473); 17.XII.2017, R. Baptista leg., 1 ♂ (UFRJ 1564); Casimiro de Abreu: Túlio, Ponto 4, 04.VIII.2010, looking down, P. Castanheira leg., 1 ♀ (UFRJ 1567); idem, 04–11.VIII.2010, D. T. Castro leg., 1 ♀ (UFRJ 1568); Mangaratiba: Reserva Ecológica Rio das Pedras, 24.V.2009, Entomologia UFRJ leg., 1 ♂ (UFRJ 0179); São Paulo: Itú: Fazenda Pau D’Alho, 17–18.IX.1960, P. Biasi leg., 3 immatures (MZUSP 74669); Juquiá: 26–27.IV.1948, F, Lane leg., 1 ♂ (MZUSP 1172); São Carlos: Várzea do Rio Quilombo (Jusante BR 116), 17.II.1990, P. Gnaspini leg., 1 ♂ (MZUSP 11984); Ubatuba: PE Serra do Mar, Núcleo Picinguaba, 30.V–02.VI.2007, R. Baptista et al. leg., 2 immatures (UFRJ 1569); idem, 29.X–02.XI.2008, R. Baptista leg., 1 ♀ (UFRJ 1570); GUY- ANA: Itamyaruma, Essequibo River, 29.VIII.1936, Romiti leg. (MZUF). Diagnosis. Chelicerae and palps of males of T. tenuissima are very different from all other species described above. Males bear chelicerae with AXu almost as a nub, elongated and robust ‘sl’, displaced upwards from the row and located near Gu, which is robust and curved basalwards, AXl very reduced and located near base of fang (only visible on SEM photos) and Gl finger-like distalward projected and palps with short and T-like paracymbium. Female chelicerae are comparable with T. chiyokoae new species and T. chauliodus (see previous diagnoses above), differing from them by Gu and U2 with almost the same size and located apart by a very small gap, BC absent, OC present, and internal genitalia with slender central membranous sac (comparing to T. chauliodus, figs 8A, B, 10D–F, 12C–F, I; 13C, H; 14A–D, G; Zhu et al. 2003, fig. 59G). Description. Male (UFRJ 1534): Carapace yellow, elliptic (Fig. 12A). Labium brown and very elongated (Fig. 12B). Sternum light brown contoured in dark brown (Fig. 12B). Eyes parallel and procurved, ringed in black, AME smaller than others and touching PME (Fig. 12A). Legs yellow and very elongated (Fig. 12A, B). Paturon thick, more than 3x longer than wide and little over 1.2x longer than carapace, moderately curved outwards, around 45° from the median line of the body (Figs 12A, C, 14A, B). ‘a’ very elongated, carved on its apex with large base, clearly bent upper and outward from middle to the apex, occupying most of chelicera width (Figs 12C, D, F, 14A). AXu small and not pointed, with large basis, almost as a nub (Figs 12C, D, 14A). ‘t’ reduced, thick and located after the basis of Gu (Figs 12C, D, 14A, 15A). Upper row with eight uneven teeth (Figs 12C, D, F; 14A): Gu very sclerotized, elongated, slanted, with large basis and pointed basalward; ‘sl’ with elongated and sclerotized basis, pointed, clearly pointing up and distalward, located adjoined to the basis of Gu and displaced from the row itself; ‘T’ thorn-like, very elongated, thin, and almost straight, slightly displaced from the row itself and ‘rsu’ with five teeth decreasing in size with last two teeth very reduced, almost denticles. AXl extremely reduced (Fig. 14B) Lower row with thirteen teeth (Figs. 12D, E; 14B): Gl bulky, thick, finger-like and pointing distalward; L2 thick, pointed, almost straight and much longer and bulkier than remaining teeth; L3–L 7 in a smooth depression, L3 and L7 slightly longer than L4–L6; L8–L11 decreasing in size and located after a small gap apart from L7; L12 and L13 with almost the same size and located after a small gap from L11, apart from another gap. Cheliceral fang as wide as its basis, wavy in the middle portion and inserted between the rows of teeth (Figs. 12 C–E; 14A, B). Abdomen cylindrical, slender, dorsally pale yellow, covered by guanine spots, scantier at the middle line, and five dark gray to black pair of spots on its edge (Fig. 12A). Venter pale brown, flattened and nude, with neither drawings nor patches (Fig. 12B). Epiandrous small, with a narrow division midway, with five fusules on left side and only three on right side (Fig. 14H). Palps bearing a very short and triangular tibia, and an elongated cymbium, bearing a thin basis and wide cymbial tarsal organ, strongly developed and deep (Figs. 12G, H; 14E); tegulum spherical and inflated, more than two times wider than high, with a constriction near the basis of embolus (Figs. 12 G–I; 14E); conductor thin, transparent, slanted and straight, tapering towards its apex, with thin edges enfolding over most of the embolus (Figs. 12 G–I; 14E, F); embolus with a thick basis, originating at middle portion of the bulb, near the cymbium, with rounded curve at initial portion, followed by a strong upward curve, ending in filiform curved thin apex and only being exposed, from behind the conductor, in the terminal end (Figs. 12 G–I; 14E, F); paracymbium very small, triangular, not slanted, with rounded and thick notch, thin translucid lobe and long, thick, sclerotized and elevated knob at the ectal side (Figs. 12I, 14G). Total length 7.20. Carapace 1.64 long, 1.09 wide. Abdomen 5.90 long, 0.66 wide. Left chelicera 1.90 long, 0.43 wide. Leg formula I–IV–II–III. Leg I: femur 8.73, patella 0.84, tibia 7.92, metatarsus 8.70 and tarsus 1.48. Leg II: patella + tibia 5.35. Leg III: patella + tibia 1.75. Leg IV: patella + tibia 4.50. Female (UFRJ 1534): Carapace colour, endites, fovea, eyes, labium, legs and sternum as in male (Fig. 13A, B). Paturon with same colour as male, around 4,7x longer than wide and curved outwards, around 50° from median line of the body (Figs. 13 A–F; 14C, D). AXu and AXl absent. Upper row with nine teeth (Figs. 13C, D; 14C): Gu next to base of fang, slightly distalward, thick and finger-like, located on outer- and distal end of CRu; U2 thin, pointed and slightly distalward, apart from Gu by a small and from U3 by a large gap; U3–U9 decreasing in size; U3 with large basis longer than U2 and U7 and U8 sharing same basis. Lower row with ten teeth (Figs. 13D, E): Gl finger-like and initially distalward, with its tip being basalward, apart from L2 by a marked crest; L2–L3 and L3–L4 apart by small gaps; L2 distalward, pointed, with large basis; L3 and L4 much smaller; L5–L10 decreasing in size. Fang wavy, constricted midway forming a conspicuous curve and inserting between both rows of teeth, bearing a small outer cusp on its top (Figs. 13C, E, F; 14C, D). Abdomen as male, around 2.7x longer than carapace, differing by better marked gray spots on the dorsum (Fig. 13A, B). Genital fold short, approximately 2x wider than long and laterally compressed, with thick and straight tip (Fig. 13G). Internal genitalia composed of two slender, rounded and elongated spermathecae, more sclerotized on outer edge and a pointed, elongated and sclerotized central membranous sac, basally positioned in comparison to the spermathecae (Fig. 13H). MAP 3. Distribution of the specimens of T. tenuissima we analyzed. Total length 8.23. Carapace 2.06 long, 0.90 wide. Abdomen 6.34 long, 0.80 wide. Left chelicera 1.94 long, 0.38 wide. Leg formula I–IV–II–III. Leg I: femur 7.28, patella 0.68, tibia 7.80, metatarsus 6.93 and tarsus 1.71. Leg II: patella + tibia 4.66. Leg III: patella + tibia 1.47. Leg IV: patella + tibia 4.12. Variation. Males (n = 4): total length, 6.78 – 7.29; females (n = 6): total length, 7.51 – 9.45. The outer cusp (OC) may sometimes not be present on the chelicerae of females. Synonymy and notes. The first author was gently received at MIZ-PAN and NHM collections where type-material of T. filiformata Roewer, 1942 (Guyana, French Guyana and Brazill: Amapá) and T. tenuissima (Guatemala) were examined, respectively. Taczanowski (1872) described Tetragnatha filiformis, preoccupied and posteriorly replaced by the name T. filiformata by Roewer (1942). Taczanowski’s description of T. filiformis is very comprehensive, allowing the recognition of described specimens. The typical elongated chelicerae seen in males and females syntypes of T. filiformata (Fig. 15A, B) is also observed in the type-material of T. tenuissima (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1889, pl. 3, figs 1, 2), subsequent revisions (e.g. Okuma 1992, fig. 21) and in all specimens we identified for South America. We therefore propose a new synonymy, Tetragnatha filiformata Roewer, 1942 = Tetragnatha tenuissima O. Pickard-Cambridge 1889 new synonymy. Furthermore, the type-localities of both species are compatible with the synonymy herein proposed if we consider the broad distribution of T. tenuissima in the Neotropical region. This species has been previously recorded for Guatemala (O. Pickard-Cambridge 1889; Okuma 1992), Puerto Rico (Petrunkevitch 1930a,b; Okuma 1992), Cuba (Bryan 1940; Okuma 1992), Hispaniola (Bryant 1945), Jamaica (Chickering 1957b, 1962), Panama (Chickering 1957c; Okuma 1992), Costa Rica (Okuma 1992), Mexico (Okuma 1992). Herein, we add many records from throughout Brazil and Argentina. Habitat notes. Alongside T. megalocera new species and T. chauliodus, this species seems not to be associated to water, as duly observed by the authors, with the majority of specimens being collected only in the interior of forest remnants. Distribution. From Mexico to Argentina. In Brazil, this species can be found in all regions of the country (Map 3). Nomina dubia The types of the following species are immature, not allowing a precise recognition. In all cases, we cannot correctly identify these species, nor clearly diagnose them in relation to other slender-bodied species described above. Furthermore, it is impossible to ascribe the immature specimens to any of the above cited species, because the not fully developed chelicerae and genitalia are not comparable to the adult’s diagnostic characters. Therefore, we consider all species listed below to be nomina dubia, or more precisely, species inquirendae.Published as part of Castanheira, Pedro De Souza & Baptista, Renner Luiz Cerqueira, 2020, Notes on slender species of the long-jawed spider genus Tetragnatha (Araneae Tetragnathidae) with description of three new species, pp. 43-75 in Zootaxa 4768 (1) on pages 65-71, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4768.1.4, http://zenodo.org/record/377782
- …
