782 research outputs found
Retrofitting Stormwater Ponds to Infiltration Ponds: A framework for the City of Cape Town
No full textCape Town is a city with over four million people and a growing population. Due to three consecutive dry summers as a result of climate change, a growing population and an increased per capita water demand, the city’s main water supply was nearly depleted. Cape Town depends for 98% on surface water stored in dammed reservoirs, which is replenished by rainfall. There is a temporal mismatch between water availability and peak demand, and thus harvesting rainfall can be potentially become an additional source of water. Cape Town’s urban drainage system has 737 detention ponds, which are used to attenuate flooding in case of heavy rain events. These ponds can be used to harvest the stormwater and store it in the Cape Flats aquifer using managed aquifer recharge for seasonal availability. The complexity of retrofitting stormwater ponds into infiltration ponds calls for a systematic approach. This research offers a retrofitting framework for the context of Cape Town. The framework can be used to determine suitable detention ponds to allow managed aquifer recharge via infiltrating stormwater, and to retrofit these detention ponds into infiltration ponds. The framework consists of three phases; spatial assessment, physical assessment and conceptual design. It is highly flexible in usage due to the fact that every phase can be used separately. Additionally, the framework can be extended to include important socio-economic aspects. Following the framework standardizes the procedure of obtaining data on individual ponds, which allows for objective comparison in assessing their suitability for infiltration.Nuffic Orange Knowledge Progra
The limits to internationalization of scientific research collaboration
No full textResearch collaboration, Internationalization, University–industry collaboration, O32, O38,
McNary Ponds catchable rainbow trout evaluation, 1979
No full textTitle from PDF title page (viewed on August 8, 2019).This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Do Regional and Non-regional Knowledge Flows Differ? An Empirical Study on Clustered Firms in the Dutch Life Sciences and Computing Services Industry
No full textIn the literature on innovation and geographical proximity, inter-organizational knowledge flows are increasingly acknowledged to take place at multiple spatial levels. Furthermore, the knowledge flows within and between regions are assumed to have different characteristics. Until now, hardly any study has examined those latter assumptions empirically. This study aims to provide empirical insights by analysing whether there are differences in the characteristics of regional and non-regional inter-organizational knowledge flows in the Dutch computing services and life sciences industry. The results indeed show significant differences. Confirming the assumptions in the literature, regional knowledge flows are characterized by a higher number of face-to-face contacts, while the knowledge exchanged through non-regional knowledge flows is more valuable. The relations between the duration and the social base of the knowledge flow and its spatial scale are less straightforward.Spatial proximity, knowledge flows, inter-organizational learning, life sciences, computing services,
Innovation, spillovers, and university-industry collaboration: An extended knowledge production function approach
No full textThis paper analyses the effect of knowledge spillovers from academic research on regional innovation. Spillovers are localized to the extent that the underlying mechanisms are geographically bounded. However, university-industry collaboration - as one of the carriers of knowledge spillovers - is not limited to the regional scale. Consequently, we expect spillovers to take place over longer distances. The effect of university-industry collaboration networks on knowledge spillovers is modelled using an extended knowledge production function framework applied to regions in the Netherlands. We find that the impact of academic research on regional innovation is mediated not only by geographical proximity but also by social networks stemming from collaboration networks.knowledge production function, knowledge spillovers, university-industry collaboration, innovation, social networks
Cyanophyceae from fish-ponds in West-Java
No full textDuring the year 1948, Mr. W. H. Schuster, Laboratory of Inland Fisheries, Buitenzorg (Bogor), sent samples for determination from coastal saltwater-ponds kept for raising Chanos chanos (bandeng). Cyanophyceae have proved to form an important ingredient of the diet of the bandeng-fry.
The cooperation in studying the thick layer of Cyanophyceae on the bottom of the ponds stopped at the end of the year, since difficulties of transport arose. The names of the identified species were published previously (Schuster 1949). The present author wishes to draw attention to the Cyanophyceae communities of two ponds with different vegetation. The data concerning these ponds were received from Mr. Schuster
Cyanophyceae from fish-ponds in West-Java
No full textDuring the year 1948, Mr. W. H. Schuster, Laboratory of Inland Fisheries, Buitenzorg (Bogor), sent samples for determination from coastal saltwater-ponds kept for raising Chanos chanos (bandeng). Cyanophyceae have proved to form an important ingredient of the diet of the bandeng-fry.
The cooperation in studying the thick layer of Cyanophyceae on the bottom of the ponds stopped at the end of the year, since difficulties of transport arose. The names of the identified species were published previously (Schuster 1949). The present author wishes to draw attention to the Cyanophyceae communities of two ponds with different vegetation. The data concerning these ponds were received from Mr. Schuster
Combined operation of the laterals and the ponds
No full textPresented at Competing interests in water resources - searching for consensus: proceedings from the USCID water management conference held on December 5-7, 1996 in Las Vegas, Nevada.This study investigated the combined operation of the laterals and the ponds by applying the linear programming. The linear programming is able to give an optimal operation schedule so that the irrigation water requirement is reduced. As an important irrigation area with high density of ponds in Taiwan, the Chungli lateral and the neighborhood were thoroughly surveyed and the irrigation network was completed. Based on the water balance equations, the linear programming considered the spatial and temporal operation relation between the lateral, the ponds and the whole irrigation area. Due to limited water resources, the objective function of the linear programming is the minimum of the total requirement for the Chungli lateral. The combination in series or in parallel of ponds with the overflow either from one pond to the following fields or from one field to the other one was taken into account in order for an accurate numerical simulation. Besides from the ponds and the laterals, the supplementary water resources for irrigation include those from diversion weirs and effective rainfall. The ways to improve the present irrigation system for better utilization of water resources were also proposed. As an estimation, the pond dredging can reduce the water requirement by the amount of about 1 x 10rm3 for the original requirement 988.92 x 104m3 in the Chungli laterals
Reviving Ponds in the Urban Network: Towards Resilient Water Landscapes for Taoyuan County
No full textThe pond is a low-lying ground intended to retain or detain both stormwater. In the past, building ponds was a common way to keep fresh water for livestock and irrigation. Due to the rapid urban development and the emergence of centralized water conservancy facilities, the traditional ponds have largely disappeared. One of the crucial examples of disappearing ponds is in Taoyuan Tableland, in the North of Taiwan. After economic development and the demographic boom, the number of ponds rapidly declined from 4521in 1904 to 745in 2020. (Yu, 2017) The phenomenon weakens the resilience of cities in the face of extreme weather conditions. When heavy rain comes, covered ponds lose water storage space, resulting in flooding, and when it has not rained for a long time, they can only rely on reservoirs for water supply. Therefore, this project explores the design interventions with landscape architecture, incorporating with the existing ponds, making the city more climate adaptive and enhancing public space quality.Under rapid urbanization, the land use in the Taoyuan area is divided into urban and peri-urban areas. The test area includes the emerging urban area and the surrounding peri-urban areas. The applied design principles are robust, reflective, and flexible. The first principle focuses on integrating a robust pond system as a mediator between drought, too little, and flood, too much water. Reflective aims to ponds in the emerging urban area and the peri-urban area as models and transform traditional characteristics of the pond into four guiding design strategies: topography, hydrology, vegetation, and recreation. The ponds can transform into a pleasant public space through these strategies. Lastly, from a large scale, integrated pond water systems to individual ponds can be flexible to the changing circumstances. Sometimes, the ponds can be full of water, dry, and be a wonderland for people.By reviving the pond system in the urban network, the project's tangible quality is making the city more resilient. On the other hand, the intangible quality gives withering traditional water systems an important role and re-overlap with people's living spaces.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Science
[[alternative]]Distribution and functional operation of the irrigation ponds on taoyuan plateau
No full text[[abstract]]Existence of irrigation ponds exhibits a cultural but not a natural landscape on Taoyuan Plateau. This particular landscape is resulted from the interaction between the factors of living style, social organization, technology, and the natural environment in the area. In other words, it is a functional relationship of these factors that might consture the landscape of irrigation ponds on the Plateau. This research attempts to probe into the spocial landscape of irrigation ponds on the Plateau through the concept of landscape confeguration and system function to find out the major factors that affect the distribution of irrigation ponds as well as their functional operation. The findings are as follows: 1. Period of private irrigation ponds Owing to the special natural environment and to the needs of irrigation water for rice paid, the spread of irrigation ponds reflected the process of land reclamation before the completion of Taoyuan Canal. In this period, because of the old social organization and of lacking advanced engineering techniques, the private ponds usually built on the slope area for saving rain water are numerous and small. General speaking, the dimension and the distribution of the ponds are primarily governed by the rainfall and the slope terrain of the natural enveronment. 2. Period of public irrigation ponds After the completion of Taoyuan Canal in 1928 and the built of Shimen Canal in 1964, operational irrigation ponds are no longer limited to the slope area for collecting rain water. Consequently, the type of the ponds becomes public and larger as opposite to private and small in the past. However, due to the advancement of engineering techniques and the change of social organization, the number of irrigation ponds decreases as it shifts from sea-shore toward inland. To sum up, the landscape of irrigation ponds on Taoyuan Plateau is the result of the interacting factors between the living style, social organization, technology and the natural environment. The changes in functional relationship could be recognized by the types and the distribution of ponds, on the opposite, the changes of their types and distribution might represent the changes in functional relationship as well as the change of culture landscape in the studied region.keywords: irrigation ponds , cultural landscape , functional relationship , configuration and distribution , functional operation
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