1,720,979 research outputs found
Strabismus and myopia: a challenge for the ophthalmologist
No full textMyopia is a condition widely spread throughout the world, and it is expected to affect almost half of the population within 2050. Its correlation with many ocular pathologies, such as retinal detachment, retinal degeneration, maculopathy, glaucoma and cataract, is already well known. Strabismus associated with myopia is more likely to develop as exotropia; however it can also show different clinical features, and thus therapeutic needs, which often make it a challenge for the ophthalmologist to be detected and treated. Heavy eye syndrome is a pathology related to high degenerative myopia, and it is characterized by a wide range of deviation, which goes from a small angle esotropia to a large angle of eso-hypodeviation. Bielschowsky esotropia, ore AACE type III esotropia, is a condition spreading rapidly among population, mainly in association with the use of electronic devices. It is characterized by onset of diplopia for distance vision, followed by the involvement of near vision, and for the preservation of binocular vision. Treatment options include prisms and botulinum toxin therapy; however surgery remains the best curative alternative. Myopia is a predisposing factor for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, which often can be treated with the positioning of scleral buckling. This surgery is related to the development of strabismus, due to the extraocular motility restriction and subsequent diplopia. Finally, refractive surgery for the treatment of myopia may result in different type of strabismus and diplopia, through many different mechanisms. This review aims to describe clinical features and therapeutic approaches for all these conditions
Eye Position Changes Under General Anesthesia In Infantile Strabismus: Differences Between Esotropia And Exotropia
No full textPurpose: To study the different trends of eye position changes under narcosis in Infantile Intermittent Exotropia (IXT) compared to Infantile Esotropia (ET). To discuss the possible causes of the difference.
Methods: Twenty-nine patients, aged 2 to 15 years, undergoing surgery for infantile concomitant strabismus at University Eye Clinic of Bologna, between January 2017 and December 2019, took part in this prospective study. Of them, 13 had basic or simulated divergence excess IXT and 16 had ET. Eye position was measured preoperatively and under general anesthesia with a modified Paliaga Test for the measure of interlimbal distance (ILD). In IXT patients the prolonged occlusion test was performed preoperatively. Neuromuscular blocking agents were not used to induce general anaesthesia.
Results: In IXT patients the difference between preoperative and intraoperative ILD was not statistically significant (Wilcoxon, p>0.05), and showed a great variability, as under narcosis ILD decreased in 38.46%, did not change in 30.77%, and increased in 30.77% of patients; while in ET patients it increased under narcosis, with a statistical significance (Wilcoxon, p=0.002).
Conclusion: Differences in the determinants of the ocular deviation may be suspected in ET and IXT, particularly regarding the role of esotonus, that is the baseline innervation to the extraocular muscles which opposes the position of rest in the awake state and which is suppressed under narcosis. While esotonus is increased in ET, it could be even decreased in IXT where other innervational phenomena, like active divergence, may be involved in determining the deviation
Biomarkers in Tears and Ocular Surface: A Window for Neurodegenerative Diseases
Full text linkOBJECTIVES:The purpose of this review is to briefly outline current scientific evidence on the potential role of tear analysis and ocular surface evaluation in diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases, especially Alzheimer disease, Parkinson disease, and glaucoma.
METHODS:A systematic computerized search in the electronic databases PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Collaborations was conducted to find eligible articles which their main topic was to investigate the tear and ocular surface in neurodegenerative diseases. After a first screening of titles and abstracts and a full-text review, 26 articles met the inclusion criteria (1 about the neurodegenerative diseases, 3 about the Alzheimer disease, 11 about the Parkinson disease, 11 about glaucoma, and 1 about amyotrophic lateral sclerosis).
RESULTS:The ocular surface picture seems to be altered in the setting of neurodegenerative diseases with specific characteristics according to each disease. They seem to be associated with reduced corneal sensitivity and abnormal tear function, and each one presents the expression of specific biomarkers in tears.
CONCLUSIONS:The study of tears and ocular surface appears to be a new and noninvasive promising way to assist in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases
Evaluation of macular blood flow after intermittent intravenous infusion of high-dose corticosteroids (pulse therapy) in patients with thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) using angio-OCT
Full text linkPurpose The aim of this study is to evaluate the changes in macular blood flow index (BFI) in patients with moderate to severe thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) before and after pulse therapy and their relationship with clinical features and disease activity using angio-OCT technology.Methods We analyzed twenty-four eyes. Every patient underwent a complete eye examination and angio-OCT analysis (OCT Topcon ImageNet 6; DRI OCT Triton, Topcon Corporation) before (T0) and two months (T2) after pulse therapy. We analyzed macular vascular blood flow in four angiographic levels: superficial plexus (SP), deep plexus (DP), external retina (ER), and choriocapillaris (CC). We used the clinical activity score (CAS) score to define TAO as moderate or severe.Results Macular BFI significantly increased at T2 in the DP, ER, and CC (p < 0.01). CAS score (5.8 +/- 0.8 vs. 3.9 +/- 0.9, p < 0.01) and Hertel exophthalmometry values (22.6 +/- 2.3 mm vs. 21.2 +/- 2,5 mm, p < 0.01) improved for all patients at T2 compared T0. Mean IOP increased from 13.3 +/- 2.8 mmHg to 14.3 +/- 2.1 mmHg (p < 0.01). No correlation was found between CAS score and macular BFI in all the analyzed levels.Conclusions Pulse therapy treatment can change macular BFI. In particular, two months alter pulse therapy, all the patients show an increase in macular vascular blood flow in each angiographic level. According to our results, angio-OCT analysis of the macular BFI may be a useful tool in the follow-up of TAO patients after pulse therapy
Binocular treatment for amblyopia: A meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
No full textTo date, there is still no consensus regarding the effect of binocular treatment for amblyopia. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to summarize the available evidence to determine whether binocular treatment is more effective than patching in children with amblyopia
A Growing Conjunctival Pigmentation – Videodermoscopy of Conjunctival Melanoma
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Basal cell carcinoma of the eyelid margin: Dermoscopic clues in a case series
No full textBasal cell carcinoma (BCC) can sometimes affect the eyelids and in particular the eyelid margin, where it can often be misdiagnosed, mimicking other benign, more common diseases. Dermoscopy may provide additional diagnostic criteria for an earlier diagnosis of eyelid margin BCC, although the dermoscopic features of BCC affecting this anatomical site have seldom been reported. We highlight the peculiar presence of linear vessels perpendicular to the eyelid margin in BCCs of the eyelid margin. Our article represents the first report of these dermoscopic findings in a series of BCCs of the eyelid margin
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