99 research outputs found
Aripiprazole plus Topiramate in Opioid-Dependent Patients with Schizoaffective Disorder: An 8-Week, Open-Label, Uncontrolled, Preliminary Study
No full text.Background: The aims of this study were to evaluate a combination of aripiprazole and topiramate in the treatment of opioid-dependent patients with schizoaffective disorder undergoing methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) and, further, to taper off patients from methadone treatment. Methods: Twenty patients who met DSM-IV (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition) criteria for opioid dependence and schizoaffective disorder receiving MMT (80mg/day) were given aripiprazole (10mg/day) plus topiramate (up to 200mg/day) for 8 weeks. A methadone dose reduction of 3mg/day until suspension at week 4 was established. Results: Aripiprazole plus topiramate was effective in reducing clinical symptoms, and a rapid tapering off of MMT was achieved. Conclusions: Combining aripiprazole and topiramate may be effective in patients with a dual diagnosis of opioid dependency and schizoaffective disorder
The relationship between personality and sexual motivation: an investigation based on Cloninger’s model in nonclinical Italian subjects
No full textThe aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between personality and sexual motiva- tion according to Cloninger’s psychobiological model of the personality. Methods. Three hundred and ten volunteers re- cruited among the students of the University of Messina, Italy, participated in the study. All subjects underwent a psychome- tric examination with the following instruments: Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) and Sex and the Average Woman (or Man; SAWM). Results. The best negative predictor of Sexual Excitement and Satisfaction was the tempera- mental dimension Harm Avoidance; as it regards character dimensions, Cooperativeness was the best negative predictor of Sexual Excitement, while Self-Directedness was the best positive predictor of Sexual Satisfaction. Conclusions. Overall, in- hibitory aspects of the personality have deeper effects on sexual motivation than excitatory ones. The results of this research suggest the importance of studying the relationship between personality and sexual behavior. An integrative psychobiologi- cal approach to the study of sexual excitement and satisfaction may give a fundamental contribution to the assessment and psychological treatment of predisposing personality factors (like avoidant tendencies) involved in the development and per- sistence of sexual dysfunction
Synthesis of New Thienyl Ring Containing HIV-1 Protease Inhibitors: Promising PreliminaryPharmacological Evaluation against Recombinant HIV-1 Proteases
No full textAseries of new thienyl ring containing analogues of nelfinavir and saquinavir with different substitution patterns were synthesized from suitable enantiopure diols. Their inhibitory activity against wild type recombinant HIV-1 protease was evaluated. In general thienyl groups spaced from the core by a methylene group gave products showing IC50 in the nanomolar range, irrespective of the type and the substitution pattern of the heterocycle. The range of activity of the two most active compounds is substantially maintained or even increased against two commonly selected mutants, under drug pressure, such as V32I and V82A
Unraveling Exercise Addiction: The Role of Narcissism and Self-Esteem
No full textThe aim of this study was to assess the risk of exercise addiction (EA) in fitness clubs and to identify possible factors in the development of the disorder. The Exercise Addiction Inventory (EAI), the Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI), and the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory (SEI) were administered to a sample of 150 consecutive gym attenders recruited in fitness centers. Based on EAI total score, high EA risk group (HEA n = 51) and a low EA risk group (LEA n = 69) were identified. HEA reported significantly higher total score (mean = 20.2 versus 14.6) on the NPI scale and lower total score (mean = 32.2 versus 36.4) on the SEI scale than LEA. A stepwise regression analysis indicated that only narcissism and self-esteem total scores (F=5.66; df=2; P=0.006)weregoodpredictorsofdaysperweekexercise.Thepresentstudyconfirmsthedirectandcombined role of both labile self-esteem and high narcissism in the development of exercise addiction as predictive factors towards the risk of addiction. Multidisciplinary trained health care providers (physiatrists, psychologists, and psychiatrists) should carefully identify potential overexercise conditions in order to prevent the potential risk of exercise addiction
EUROPE IS CULTURE | REGGIA DI CASERTA | Giornata della Salute e della Dieta mediterranea | 30 Aprile
No full textLa Manifestazione è organizzata in tre diversi spazi dedicati ai giovani:
Arena dell’Arte, Arena della Cultura, Arena del Gusto.
L'Arena della Cultura, Cortile della Reggia di Caserta, il 30 Aprile ospita la Conferenza "L'alfabeto della Dieta mediterranea" e la Mostra dei Progetti/prototipi degli studenti partecipanti al Concorso [LANDesign ali-ment-azione]:
Vincenzo Acquaro, Marcella Aresu, Melania Baiano, Vittoria Buonaguro, Vittoria Capuano, Dylan Ciorlano, Nadia Civitillo, Federica De Rigi, Francesca Ferrara, Felicia Gallina, Nunzia Gargiulo, Andrea Giordano, Luisa Impagliazzo, Carmela Improda, Enrica Mautone, Veronica Mongillo, Geremia Nappo, Martina Pandolfo, Federica Pierro, Eduardo Rocco, Federica Salerno, Maria Tammaro
PRE-OPERATIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT IN OBESE PATIENTS, CANDIDATES FOR BARIATRIC SURGERY
No full textNo evidence of specific personality traits characterizing the obese population has ever emerged. Furthermore, studies addressing personological differences between obese individuals with and without Binge Eating Disorder (BED) are not always consistent. In this study 70 obese patients, 22 males and 48 females, (Age range 18 - 67 years; M = 40.70; SD = 12.24) candidates for bariatric surgery, were evaluated with the following instruments: Eating Disorder Inventory, Binge Scale Questionnaire, Big Five Questionnaire and Rorschach Inkblot Test. Findings showed that the two groups were statistically different concerning food disorders, with worse results in obese patients
with BED, but no personality differences emerged on the self-reported questionnaires. Conversely, Rorschach's responses and the analysis with the projective method, highlighted qualitative differences in mental functioning. These findings encourage the use of a projective test in the presurgical assessment for evaluating deeper eating-related problems as a possible individual marker of the post-operative outcome
Psychopharmacotherapy in pregnancy and breastfeeding
No full textIMPORTANCE: Fifteen percent to 20% of pregnant women suffer from mental disorders, and 86% of them are not treated due to potential teratogenic risks for the fetus. Several drugs seem to be safe during pregnancy but knowledge regarding risks of antenatal exposure to drugs is still limited. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this article is to provide a review of literature, data, and a clinical guideline concerning the treatment and management of mental disorders during pregnancy and lactation. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: Bibliographical research was carried out using Medline and Pubmed (from 2005 until 2015) and articles, books and Websites were consulted. RESULTS: Regarding antidepressants, only paroxetine seems to lead to an increased risk of malformations, whereas fluoxetine, fluvoxamine, sertraline, citalopram, escitalopram and venlafaxine do not appear to increase this risk. The use of duloxetine is associated with an increased risk of miscarriage during pregnancy but not with an increased risk of adverse events, such as birth defects. There is no clear evidence of malformation risk associated with the use of antipsychotics, whereas a risk associated with pregnancy and newborn outcome has been detected. All mood stabilizers are associated with risks of birth defects and perinatal complications. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Taking psychoactive drugs is possible during pregnancy, but it is important to consider various effects of the drugs. Future research should focus on prospective and longitudinal studies with an adequate evaluation of confounding variables. This should be followed by long-term studies to obtain accurate measures of child development
Drugs and Sexual Behavior
No full textThis study investigated the association between drugs and sexual behavior in a sample of polydrug substance abusers recruited from several Italian therapeutic communities; participants were 90 polydrug substance abusers (opiates, cocaine, amphetamine, inhalants, marijuana/sedatives or hallucinogens abusers) who were compared with 90 nonsubstance-abusing individuals. Sexual behavior was measured by the Italian version of the Sex and the Average Woman (or Man; SAWM), a questionnaire that assesses different kind of sexual attitudes. Results showed that drug-abusing individuals are particularly inclined to search for sexual intercourse and are open to different kinds of sexual experiences; however, they have difficulties in establishing committed and deep relationships with their partners, showing signs of inhibition, affective detachment or anger. Their sexual lives are also surrounded by negative emotions, disturbing thoughts and maladjusted behaviors. The importance of integrating sexual problems into therapeutic strategies is discussed
«De le cose più degne li più importanti capi da molti illustri scrittori estratti». Sulle fonti del Compendio di Pandolfo Collenuccio per l’età aragonese
No full textIl Compendio de le Istorie del Regno di Napoli di Pandolfo Collenuccio (pubblicato postumo nel 1539) è la prima ricostruzione complessiva della storia del Regno. È un testo molto compatto ideologicamente, dettato dalla convinzione che il Mezzogiorno sia stata sempre stato caratterizzato da un’insita instabilità politica. Nonostante la sua importanza, non esistono molti studi sulle fonti usate, che servono a farci capire il metodo di lavoro e le effettive idee dell’autore. In questo articolo si indagano le fonti usate per ricostruire le vicende di Alfonso il Magnanimo: le principali sono il De Europa di Enea Silvio Piccolomini (papa Pio II) e il De dictis et factis Alphonsi regis di Antonio Beccadelli (Panormita), probabilmente nella versione commentata dallo stesso Piccolomini. Sorprendentemente manca Bartolomeo Facio, autore dell’opera storiografica più ampia sul re aragonese.The Compendio de le Istorie del Regno di Napoli by Pandolfo Collenuccio (published posthumously in 1539) is the first complete historical reconstruction of the Kingdom. It is an ideologically compact text, dictated by the conviction that the Mezzogiorno has always been characterized by an inherent political instability. Despite its importance, there are few studies on its sources: they can help us to understand the working method and the author’s ideas. This paper investigates the sources relating to the life of Alfonso the Magnanimous: the main ones are De Europa by Enea Silvio Piccolomini (Pope Pius II) and De dictis et factis Alphonsi regis by Antonio Beccadelli (Panormita), probably in a version commented by Piccolomini himself. Surprisingly, is not used the work by Bartolomeo Facio, author of the most extensive historiographical work on the Aragonese king
Executive functions and basic symptoms in adolescent antisocial behavior: A cross-sectional study on an Italian sample of late-onset offenders
No full textExecutive cognitive functions (ECFs) and other cognitive impairments, such as lower IQ and verbal deficits, have been associated with the pattern of antisocial and delinquent behavior starting in childhood (early-onset), but not with late-onset antisocial behavior. Beyond objective measures of ECF, basic symptoms are prodromal, subjectively experienced cognitive, perceptual, affective, and social disturbances, associated with a range of psychiatric disorders, mainly with psychosis. The goal of the present study was to examine ECF and basic symptoms in a sample of late-onset juvenile delinquents.Two-hundred nine male adolescents (aged 15-20 years) characterized by a pattern of late-onset delinquent behavior with no antecedents of Conduct Disorder, were consecutively recruited from the Social Services of the Department of Juvenile Justice of the city of Messina (Italy), and compared with nonantisocial controls matched for age, educational level, and socio-demographic features on measures for ECF dysfunction and basic symptoms.Significant differences between late-onset offenders (completers = 147) and control group (n = 150) were found on ECF and basic symptoms measures. Chi-square analysis showed that a significantly greater number of late-onset offending participants scored in the clinical range on several ECF measures.Executive cognitive impairment, even subtle and subclinical, along with subjective symptoms of cognitive dysfunction (basic symptom), may be contributing factor in the development and persistence of antisocial behaviors displayed by late-onset adolescent delinquents. The findings also suggest the need for additional research aimed to assess a broader range of cognitive abilities and specific vulnerability and risk factors for late-onset adolescent offenders. (C) 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
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