85 research outputs found
Reappraisal and suppression emotion-regulation tendencies differentially predict reward-responsivity and psychological well-being
No full textIndividuals who suppress their emotions experience less positive emotions, worse relationships, and a reduced quality of life whereas those who tend to reappraise show an opposite pattern. Despite this divergent pattern, few have asked how the use of these emotion-regulation strategies relates to reward responsivity. We predicted that elevated suppression would be associated with blunted reward responsivity, whereas reappraisal would be associated with elevated reward responsivity. To test this hypothesis, participants completed a measure of individual differences in emotion-regulation strategies, measures of self-reported reward responsivity, and then a reward time-estimation task (Kotani et al., 2003) while electroencephalography (EEG) was recorded. Results revealed that individual differences in cognitive reappraisal were unrelated to self-report measures of reward responsivity, whereas suppression was associated with blunted reward responsivity. At the neural level, reappraisal was associated with greater attention to the rewarding cues, as indexed by the P300 event-related potential (ERP) component, whereas suppression was related to blunted reward anticipation, as indexed by the stimulus-preceding negativity (SPN) ERP component. Suppression prospectively predicted worse psychological well-being 2.5 years later and blunted neural reward anticipation partially explained this association. Taken together with past research, these results suggest reappraisal tendencies may lead to better outcomes due, in part, to enhanced reward responsivity, whereas the negative consequences of suppression may be associated with blunted reward responsivity
Hypomania and depression associated with distinct neural activity for immediate and future rewards
No full textBipolar spectrum and unipolar depressive disorders have been associated with distinct and opposite profiles of reward‐related neural activity. These opposite profiles may reflect a differential preexisting vulnerability for both types of disorders. In support, recent ERP studies find that, following reward feedback, a larger reward positivity (RewP) is associated with greater vulnerability for bipolar spectrum disorders, whereas a smaller RewP is associated with greater vulnerability for depression. However, prior studies have investigated only immediate rewards and have not examined dimensions of both bipolar disorder and unipolar depression within the same sample. The present study is the first to investigate feedback‐related ERP correlates of proneness to hypomania and unipolar depressive tendencies within the same sample and to expand our scope to include future rewards. Participants completed a modified time estimation task where the same monetary reward was available immediately or at one of five different future dates. Results revealed proneness to hypomania and unipolar depressive tendencies were related to an elevated and blunted RewP, respectively, but only following immediate rewards (i.e., today). Following rewards in the distant future (e.g., 8 months), proneness to hypomania and depressive tendencies were associated with elevated and blunted amplitudes for the P3, respectively, a subsequent ERP component reflecting motivational salience during extended feedback processing. Furthermore, these opposing profiles were independent of, and significantly different from, one another. These results suggest that feedback‐related ERPs following immediate and future rewards are candidate biomarkers that can physiologically separate vulnerability for bipolar spectrum from unipolar depressive disorders
Shifts in attentional scope modulate event-related potentials evoked by reward
No full textEmotions broaden or narrow the scope of attention in order to facilitate adaptive responses in threatening and rewarding contexts. In the current study, rather than asking how emotions influence attentional scope, we considered the possibility that the relationship between attentional breadth and emotion is bidirectional by asking whether shifts in attentional scope alter emotional processes using an event-related potential (ERP) paradigm. Participants (N = 30) completed a modified version of a Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task, wherein their attention was either narrowed or broadened as they attempted to win rewards. Behaviorally, narrowing attention improved task performance in the form of reduced errors and increased monetary winnings. During cue processing, narrowing (compared to broadening) attention reduced the Cue-P3 (irrespective of cue type). During feedback processing, narrowing (compared to broadening) attention reduced the Feedback-P3 to monetary wins and increased the Feedback-P2 and the Feedback-P3 to monetary non-wins. Results highlight complexity and bidirectionality in the relationship between attentional scope and affective processes
Beyond the FRN: Broadening the time-course of EEG and ERP components implicated in reward processing
No full textMost reward-related electroencephalogram (EEG) studies focus exclusively on the feedback-related negativity (FRN, also known as feedback negativity or FN, medial-frontal negativity or MFN, feedback error-related negativity or fERN, and reward positivity or RewP). This component is usually measured approximately 200–300 ms post-feedback at a single electrode in the frontal-central area (e.g., Fz or FCz). The present review argues that this singular focus on the FRN fails to leverage EEG's greatest strength, its temporal resolution, by underutilizing the rich variety of event-related potential (ERP) and EEG time-frequency components encompassing the wider temporal heterogeneity of reward processing. The primary objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive understanding of often overlooked ERP and EEG correlates beyond the FRN in the context of reward processing with the secondary goal of guiding future research toward multistage experimental designs and multicomponent analyses that leverage the temporal power of EEG. We comprehensively review reward-related ERPs (including the FRN, readiness potential or RP, stimulus-preceding negativity or SPN, contingent-negative variation or CNV, cue-related N2 and P3, Feedback-P3, and late-positive potential or LPP/slow-wave), and reward-related EEG time-frequency components (changes in power at alpha, beta, theta, and delta bands). These electrophysiological signatures display distinct time-courses, scalp topographies, and reflect independent psychological processes during anticipatory and/or outcome stages of reward processing. Special consideration is given to the time-course of each component and factors that significantly contribute to component variation. Concluding remarks identify current limitations along with recommendations for potential important future directions
Supplemental Material - Longitudinal associations among adult attachment orientations, emotion regulation tendencies, and transdiagnostic anxiety and depression symptoms in young adults
No full textSupplemental Material for Longitudinal associations among adult attachment orientations, emotion regulation tendencies, and transdiagnostic anxiety and depression symptoms in young adults by Allison V. Metts, Richard E. Zinbarg, Robin Nusslock, Benjamin A. Tabak and Michelle G. Craske in Journal of Social and Personal Relationships.</p
QJE-STD-19-115.R2-Supplementary_Material – Supplemental material for Positive social feedback alters emotional ratings and reward valuation of neutral faces
No full textSupplemental material, QJE-STD-19-115.R2-Supplementary_Material for Positive social feedback alters emotional ratings and reward valuation of neutral faces by Katherine S Young, Anni M Hasratian, Christine E Parsons, Richard E Zinbarg, Robin Nusslock, Susan Y Bookheimer and Michelle G Craske in Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology</p
sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211056627 – Supplemental material for The Interplay Between Reward-Relevant Life Events and Trait Reward Sensitivity in Neural Responses to Reward Cues
No full textSupplemental material, sj-pdf-1-cpx-10.1177_21677026211056627 for The Interplay Between Reward-Relevant Life Events and Trait Reward Sensitivity in Neural Responses to Reward Cues by Iris Ka-Yi Chat, Erin E. Dunning, Corinne P. Bart, Ann L. Carroll, Mora M. Grehl, Katherine S. F. Damme, Lyn Y. Abramson, Robin Nusslock and Lauren B. Alloy in Clinical Psychological Science</p
Poor Sleep Quality Is Significantly Associated With Effort but Not Temporal Discounting of Monetary Rewards
No full textExperimental sleep deprivation has been shown to differentially affect behavioral indices of effort and temporal discounting, 2 domains of reward processing often observed to be impaired in depression. Experimental sleep deprivation is phenomenologically different from sleep deprivation in everyday life (e.g., poor quality sleep or habitual short sleep duration). Thus, experimental findings may not explain how sleep disturbance impacts reward processing in everyday life. The present study examined associations of past-month self-reported typical sleep quality and duration among 325 young adults who completed behavioral tasks of effort and temporal discounting. Analyses accounted for the potential influence of self-reported mood symptoms and reward sensitivity. Results showed that poorer sleep quality, but not shorter sleep duration, was associated with less preference for high effort/high reward choices on the Effort Expenditure for Reward task (EEfRT) and was significant when accounting for depression and reward sensitivity, neither of which significantly predicted effort. Neither poorer sleep quality nor shorter sleep duration was significantly associated with a preference for smaller, more immediate reward on a delay discounting task. Findings suggest sleep quality, irrespective of total hours of sleep, may independently affect reward-relevant effort, which may have implications for the study and treatment of depression.</p
Amygdala subnuclei volume in bipolar spectrum disorders: Insights from diffusion‐based subsegmentation and a high‐risk design
No full textAmygdala abnormalities are widely documented in bipolar spectrum disorders (BSD). Amygdala volume typically is measured after BSD onset; thus, it is not known whether amygdala abnormalities predict BSD risk or relate to the disorder. Additionally, past literature often treated the amygdala as a homogeneous structure, and did not consider its distinct subnuclei and their differential connectivity to other brain regions. To address these issues, we used a behavioral high-risk design and diffusion-based subsegmentation to examine amygdala subnuclei among medication-free individuals with, and at risk for, BSD. The behavioral high-risk design (N = 114) included low-risk (N = 37), high-risk (N = 47), and BSD groups (N = 30). Diffusion-based subsegmentation of the amygdala was conducted to determine whether amygdala volume differences related to particular subnuclei. Individuals with a BSD diagnosis showed greater whole, bilateral amygdala volume compared to Low-Risk individuals. Examination of subnuclei revealed that the BSD group had larger volumes compared to the High-Risk group in both the left medial and central subnuclei, and showed larger volume in the right lateral subnucleus compared to the Low-Risk group. Within the BSD group, specific amygdala subnuclei volumes related to time since first episode onset and number of lifetime episodes. Taken together, whole amygdala volume analyses replicated past findings of enlargement in BSD, but did not detect abnormalities in the high-risk group. Examination of subnuclei volumes detected differences in volume between the high-risk and BSD groups that were missed in the whole amygdala volume. Results have implications for understanding amygdala abnormalities among individuals with, and at risk for, a BSD.</p
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